Graphic Design - Chapter 11

The late-nineteenth-century Western mania for all things Japanese is called japanned ware.

False

In Japan, ukiyo-e practitioners were considered mere artisans, but theycaptivated European artists, who drew inspiration from their calligraphic linedrawing, abstraction and simplification, flat color and silhouettes, unconventionaluse of black shapes, and decorative patterns.

True

Italian turn-of-the-century posters were characterized by sensuous exuberanceand elegance like that of France's La Belle Époque.

True

During Japan's Tokugawa period, the country adopted an official policy ofnational seclusion. This was a time of economic expansion, internal stability, andflourishing cultural arts. The entertainment districts of major cities were called"the floating world," and became the focus of inspiration for many artists. Theearliest Japanese ukiyo-e ("pictures of the floating world") were __________depicting these entertainment districts of urban Japan.

screen paintings

Although art nouveau artists did not use a historicist approach to their designs, they wereinfluenced by past as well as contemporary art. All but one of the examples below were influences onart nouveau. Which does NOT belong?

Assyrian motifs

In 1894, Oscar Wilde's Salomé received widespread notoriety for the obvious erotic sensuality of__________'s illustrations. Late-Victorian English society was shocked by the celebration of evil, whichreached its peak in an edition of Aristophanes's Lysistrata. Banned by English censors, it was widelycirculated on the Continent.

Aubrey Beardsley

Jules Chéret, the father of the modern poster, featured beautiful young women in his posters. At atime when options for women were limited, these self-assured, happy women were depicted enjoyinglife to the fullest, wearing low-cut dresses, dancing, drinking wine, and even smoking in public.Dubbed ___________, these female archetypes became the new role model for women in the late Victorian period.

Chérettes

On Christmas Eve 1894, the young Czech artist Alphonse Mucha was at theLemercier's printing company correcting proofs for a friend when the printingfirm's manager burst into the room, upset because the famous actress SarahBernhardt was demanding a new poster for the play Gismonda by New Year'sDay. Mucha was the only artist available, so he received the commission. Heused the basic pose from an earlier poster of Bernhardt in Joan of Arc that hadbeen done by __________.

Eugène Grasset

Art nouveau was first seen in America on Harper's magazine covers illustrated byWill Bradley, one of the two major American practitioners of art nouveau-inspiredgraphic design and illustration.

False

Eckmannschrift, designed by Otto Eckmann, attempted to revitalize typographyby combining fraktura with modern type.

False

Ethel Reed became the first woman in England to achieve national prominencefor her work as a graphic designer and illustrator.

False

Eugène Grasset, like his rival Jules Chéret, incorporated exuberant women in hisposter illustrations.

False

Henri van de Velde's works are early examples of the modernist integration ofform and function; their forms communicated their uses objectively and clearly.

False

The coloring book style of Aubrey Beardsley used a thick black contour drawingto lock forms into flat areas of color in a manner similar to medieval stained-glasswindows.

False

Ukiyo-e refers to an art movement beginning in the seventeenth century andending in the nineteenth century, a time period when Japan actively sought tradewith Western European countries.

False

One of Dutch designer Jan Toorop's biggest sources of inspiration was ___________, which can beseen especially in his use of silhouette, his linear style, and the forms, expressions, and hair styles of hisfemale figures.

Javanese culture

There is an affinity between the posters and prints of Théophile-Alexandre Steinlen and his friendand sometime rival, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Steinlen's first commissions were drawings for_____________. He had a mania for cats and during the 1880s and 1890s became a prolific illustrator.His radical political views, socialist affiliations, and anticlerical stance led him toward asocial realism,and he chose to depict poverty, exploitation, and the working class.

Le Chat Noir

The new art had different names in different countries. Which of the following was NOT one ofthem?

Surimono

Katsushika Hokusai apprenticed as a woodblock engraver before turning to drawing and painting.During seven decades of artistic creation, he produced an estimated thirty-five thousand works thatspanned the gamut of ukiyo-e subjects, including album prints, genre scenes, historical events,illustrations for novels, landscape series, nature studies, and privately commissioned prints for specialoccasions called surimono. He is perhaps best known for _______________, his series of prints thatdepicts the external appearances of nature and symbolically interpret the vital energy forces found inthe sea, winds, and clouds surrounding Japan's famous twelve-thousand-foot volcano.

Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji

Although Charles Ricketts's page designs were influenced somewhat by WilliamMorris, his work tended to be much lighter, more open, and geometric.

True

Beginning in 1894, Will Bradley's work for the Inland Printer and the Chap Bookignited art nouveau in America.

True

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec developed a journalistic, illustrative style thatcaptured the nightlife of La Belle Époque ("The Beautiful Era")—a term used todescribe late-nineteenth-century Paris.

True

Jugend, an art nouveau-style magazine popular in Germany, allowed each week's cover designerto design a different logotype to match his or her own illustration.

True

Jugendstil artist Otto Eckmann abandoned painting in order to turn his fullattention to the applied arts.

True

The Netherlands' relationship with the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) allowedDutch designers to access the traditional craft of batik. Its introduction as acontemporary design medium was one of Holland's important contributions to theinternational art nouveau movement.

True

Unlike contemporary literary artists, visual artists working in the art nouveau style rejected realism in favor of the metaphysical and the sensuous.

True

Upon viewing Aubrey Beardsley's illustrations in a new edition of Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur,____________ was so angry that he considered legal action because he believed Beardsley hadvulgarized the design ideas of the Kelmscott style by replacing the formal, naturalistic borders with more stylized, flat patterns.

William Morris

A member of the Flemish Group of Twenty, Henri van de Velde had enormous influence on designand architecture. His only poster design was for Tropon, ____________, for which he created labelingand advertisements in 1899. Rather than communicating information about the product or depictingpeople using it, van de Velde engaged the viewer with symbolic form and color.

a concentrated food supplement

In his teaching and writings, Belgian designer Henri van de Velde became a vital source for thedevelopment of twentieth-century architecture and design theory. He taught that all branches of artshare a common language of form and are of equal importance to the human community. Hedemanded __________. He saw ornament not as decoration but as a means of expression that couldachieve the status of art.

appropriate materials, functional forms, and a unity of visual organization

The Dutch book design style of Nieuwe Kunst spanned roughly the fourteen years between 1892through 1906. After 1895, mathematics was seen as a creative source in itself, with symmetry andrationalism each playing a part. Some of the special qualities of the movement's book design aredescribed below. Which one does NOT apply?

illustrative

While German Jugendstil shared common characteristics with French and English art nouveau, onedistinction was that it reflected the German interest in ____________, as can be seen in the blendingof contradictory influences in Eckmannschrift by Otto Eckmann.

medieval letters

Many trademarks of art nouveau origin have been in continuous use since the 1890s, such as thoseof General Electric and Insel-Verlag, both of which are characterized by __________.

swirling organic lines

During an 1895 visit to the Boston Public Library, Will Bradley studied the collection of small, crudelyprinted books from colonial New England called chapbooks. These inspired a new direction in graphicdesign that became known as the chapbook style. All of the following traits except one apply. Which does NOT apply?

yellow covers