Ground water

If all pumping on the Ogallala aquifer was stopped today, how long would it take for the water table to rebound to pre-pumping levels?

2000 years

Know the difference between a confined and an unconfined aquifer.

Confined: at the surface of the earth with aquaclude above and below Unconfined=?

Know the definitions of the following terms: groundwater, porosity, permeability, zone of aeration, water table, zone of saturation, infiltration, aquifer, aquiclude.

Ground water=water in saturated zone Porosity: all the empty spaces in a rock Permeability: how well water can move trough rock Zone of aeration: water and air Water table: separates zine of aeration and zone of saturation. Zone of saturation: completely saturated with water Infiltraion: movement of water from surface to ground Aquifer: A body of soil/rock that can hold a usable amount of water Aquaclude: a body of soil/rock that blocks the flow of water

What is the largest reservoir of fresh water and what is the largest reservoir of useable fresh water?

Largest reservoir= Ice caps+glaciers Largest usable source= ground water

How would the porosity of the following materials be characterized: Oil Shale, Sandstone, Limestone, Basalt lava flows?

Oil Shale: high porosity, low permeability Sandstone: high porosity and permeability Limestone: impermeable/high unit permeability Basalt: impermiable/high unit permiability

Know how you can get a perched water table, spring, or artesian well.

Perched water table: a pool of water on top of a n aquaclude Artisian well: drilled into a confined aquifer and doesn't require a pump.

Know the three major sources of groundwater contamination.

Pesticides+fertilizer landfills leaking underground storage tanks

Know Darcy's law.

Q=KIA Q= discharge K=permiability of aquifer I=hydrolic gradient A=cross section

Besides water table drawdown, what other problems can overpumping on aquifer cause?

Salt water intrusion Land subsidence water shock

Know the difference between zones of recharge and discharge, and similarly the difference between gaining streams and loosing streams.

Zones of recharge and discharge are from the ground waters point of view Gaining and loosing streams are from the streams view

Know the term for the shape that forms around an actively pumping well.

cone of deppresion

What are the basic rules for groundwater flow?

flows doen hill perpendicular to contors

Know what type of rock solution caves are formed in, the difference between stalagmites and stalactites, and how sinkholes are formed.

sinkholes: when the ceiling of a cave collapse limestone/lodestone stalagmites stand mighty stalactites hang on tite

What is the term for what is happening to the Ogallala aquifer, and what is the term for the situation cases like this often lead to?

water table draw down water shock