Growing and flowing

ATP

a special molecule used by cells for energy. It is made within the mitochondria. You can think of the mitochondria as the energy factory or power plant of the cell.

Role water molecules play in process of photosynthesis

(H2O) is a compound of two atoms of oxygen and one atom of hydrogen. Water moves up through roots from the soil to leaves. Some water molecules will play a key role in photosynthesis. Others will simply move through the plant and out the stomata and enter the atmosphere as water vapor in the process of transpiration. Those water molecules that will be important in the food making process of photosynthesis are split by light energy into O and H atoms. The oxygen atoms join in twos to form O2 molecules and leave the leaf through the stomata, adding molecules of oxygen gas to the atmosphere. The hydrogen (H) atoms combine with carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules to make sugars (like glucose) which are food for the plant and other organisms.

Bee behavior

1) they forage pollen and receive nectar in return. 2) They sacrifice themselves when they become sick because they do not want to infect the rest of the hive 3) when a female worker bee fins pollen, she communicates her pollen to other bees by dancing

chlorophyll

A green molecule which uses light energy from sunlight to change water and carbon dioxide gas into sugar and oxygen; it absorbs the sunlight and then uses sunlight to change water, carbon dioxide and, nutrients from the soil. It processes the ingredients to make sugar (plant food) and oxygen

photosynthesis

A process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food energy (sugar), oxygen and water. It occurs so that plants can have energy and humans get oxygen

Food Chain

A series of organisms, each dependent on the next, for food & energy ● Grass (captures sunlight) Rabbit Hawk

Food Web

A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains

how do abiotic factors affect biotic factors in an ecoystem

Abiotic factors determine the biotic factors living in a particular habitat. Abiotic factors like temperature, water availability, humidity, type of soil, light intensity, wind affect what type of species will grow in particular habitat. The occurrence of a species, their growth, behavior, reproduction all these aspects are regulated by abiotic factors.

Producer

Algae and green plants that produce organic compounds (glucose) from inorganic compounds (carbon dioxide, water, sunlight) ● Use sunlight to make their own food during photosynthesis

chloroplast

An elongated cell organelle containing chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place.

Decomposer

An organism that breaks down organic matter, like decaying animals or plants, and returns nutrients to the soil

Consumer

An organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms ● Herbivore = consumer that eats only plants ● Carnivore = consumer that only eats other animals ● Omnivore = eats both producers and other consumers

Transpiration

Evaporation of water from plants

What is a tropism? .

Growth toward or away from a stimulus. Plants may not be able to move, but they are able to change how they grow in response to their environment.

chemical equation for photosynthesis

H2O + CO2 + light = O2 + C6H12O6

how are humans and animals opposite of photosynthesis

Humans and animals do the exact opposite of photosynthesis. They breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. This means that we give plants more carbon dioxide, and they give us more oxygen. Without plants we wouldn't be able to survive, but there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that plants would still exist without us!

what are the basic needs for all living things

In order to survive, animals need air, water, food, light and temperature

what are the reactants of cellular respiration

Oxygen and glucose

Comparing Equations:

Photosynthesis Equation: H2O + CO2 + light O2 + C6H12O6 Respiration Equation: O2 + glucose H2O + CO2 + energy

what is the difference between photosynthesis and respiration

Photosynthesis and respiration are reactions that complement each other in the environment. They are in reality the same reactions but occurring in reverse. While in photosynthesis carbon dioxide and water yield glucose and oxygen, through the respiration process glucose and oxygen yield carbon dioxide and water. They work well since living organisms supply plants with carbon dioxide which undergoes photosynthesis and produces glucose and these plants and bacteria give out oxygen which all living organisms need for respiration. Photosynthesis requires light; respiration does not require light Comparison chart In respiration, Oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is released. In photosynthesis, Carbon dioxide is absorbed and oxygen is released. Main function of cellular respiration is the Breakdown of food and Energy release. Main function of photosynthesis is the Production of food and Energy Capture. Respiration occurs in all living organisms (plants and animals). Photosynthesis occurs in plants, protista (algae), and some bacteria.

Types of Tropisms

Phototropism ○ Gravitropism ○ Thigmotropism

How is phototropism beneficial to a plant?

Phototropismis important for two main reasons: It increases the probability of stems and leaves intercepting light for photosynthesis and of roots obtaining water and dissolved minerals that they need.

Ecosystem

Plants and animals in a specific location that interact to survive ● Ecosystems contain living and non-living things (biotic & abiotic) ●

Photosynthesis

Process that algae and plants use to produce food

how do plants reproduce

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the production of male and female gametes, the transfer of the male gametes to the female ovules in a process called pollination. After pollination occurs, fertilization happens and the ovules grow into seeds within a fruit.

why does energy decrease as you move towards the top of the energy pyramid

The amount of energy at each trophic level decreases as it moves through an ecosystem. As little as 10 percent of the energy at any trophic level is transferred to the next level; the rest is lost largely through metabolic processes as heat. If a grassland ecosystem has 10,000 kilocalories (kcal) of energy concentrated in vegetation, only about 1,000 kcal will be transferred to primary consumers, and very little (only 10 kcal) will make it to the tertiary level. Energy pyramids such as this help to explain the trophic structure of an ecosystem: the number of consumer trophic levels that can be supported is dependent on the size and energy richness of the producer level.

effect of plants on the atmosphere

The atmosphere is full of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, meaning that if it is in the atmosphere, it holds heat close to the earth, which makes our planet warm. If we didn't have carbon dioxide, we wouldn't be a warm planet, we would be cold like the moon. If we had too much carbon dioxide, we would be like Venus, which is a really hot planet. Plants keep our atmosphere from getting too much carbon dioxide and heating up by turning a lot of it into oxygen.

role roots play in photosynthesis

Water moves from the soil up through the roots to be used in the leaves as photosynthesis occurs. Food can also be stored in roots.

food web

a model of the feeding relationships between many different consumers and producers in the ecosystem

why is a food web a better model to describe the movement of energy through an ecosystem

because it is a model of the feeding systems between many different producers and consumers

relationship between bees, plants and our environmennt

bees pollinate plants, which gives the plants energy to grow, the plants grow fruits and vegetables to feed organisms like humans which make up our environment.

what are the reactants of photosynthesis

carbon dioxide, water, light and energy

where does photosynthesis take place

chloroplasts

role of chloroplasts

conduct photosynthesis

ovary

contains ovules, has seeds inside; this turns into the fruit and seeds we eat

what is the purpose of photosynthesis

converts reactants into energy

sepal

cover outside of a flower bud, protects flower before it opens; green petal-like parts at the base of the flower; they help protect the bud when it developes.

ecosystem

describe a particular environment and all the living things that are supported by it

food chain

describes the feeding relationship between many different consumers and producers in the ecosystem

which biome would have plants with no leaves to help reduce water loss during photosynthesis

desert biome

Omnivore

eats both producers and other consumers

transpiration

evaporation of water from plants

male flower parts

filament anther stamen

which acquatic (water) biome are you likely to see a plant that is flexible enough to withstand the pressures of moving water

freshwater biome

what are the products of photosynthesis

glucose and oxygen

flowering plant

has both male and female partss

bee products made in China and shipped to USA

honey, wax, royal jelly, venom, and pollen

photo

light

biotic

living things in an ecosystem

stigma

located in the center of flower, receives pollen grains for germination; sticky surface; traps and holds the pollen

style

long ybelike structure holding stigma

stamen

male part of flower, comprised of filament and anther, is pollen producing part of flower

pollen

male sex cell that donates half of the DNA to make a seed; it a powdery substance, usually orange or yellow in color that gets carried by pollinators.

in which aquatic biome are you likely to see a plant that is very salt tolerant

marine biome

where does cellular respiration take place

mitochondria

negative tropism

movement away from the stimulus

positive tropism

movement towards the stimulus

abiotic

nonliving things in an ecosystem

role of Stomata

open and close to allow the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen.

word equation for cellular respiration

oxygen + glucose = water + ATP + carbon dioxide

anther

part of stamen producing pollen

things causing bees to die

pesticides, parasites and poor nutrition

how does a flower protect itself

petal and sepal surrounds the flower

basic flower parts

petal, sepal

callidy collapse disorder

phenomenon that has emptied bee hives

female flower parts

pistil, stigma, style and ovary

Explain how tropisms can help a plant survive

plants need light and water for photosynthesis. They have developed responses called tropisms to help make sure they grow towards sources of light and water.

Respiration

process that plants and other living organisms use to turn glucose or starches into energy

synthesis

putting together

thigmotropism

response to touch

honey bees

responsible for about 1/3 of the food produced in america

ecology

scientific study of how organisms interact with their environment and all the other organisms that live in the environment

which biome would you see plants less than 12 inches tall, dark in color, to help them absorb solar heat and grown in clumps to help protect themselves from wind and cold

taiga biome

which biome would you see trees with leaves that have think broad light weight leaves to capture a lot of sunlight to make lots of food during the warm weather

temperate deciduous forest biome

which biome would you you see grasses with extensive (large) root systems to prevent grazing animals from pulling roots completely out of the ground as they feed on them

temperate grasslands biome

4 basic needs of all living things

temperature, light, soil and water

which biome would you likely see a plant with smooth bark and smooth or waxy flowers to help speed run off of water

tropical rainforest biome

which biome would you see mostly evergreen trees with dark needles that droop downward to help shed excess snow without breakfing branches

tundra biome

word equation for photosynthesis

water + light + carbon dioxide = oxygen + glucose

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important energy source of all living organisms ● Plants make sugar during photosynthesis ● Organisms release glucose during respiration and use it for energy

effect of photosynthesis on evolution

Before there was photosynthesis, there wasn't much oxygen in our atmosphere. So before plants evolved the ability to turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen, there was no way for plants and animals to exist. Before photosynthesis, bacteria and other living things used other chemicals to make their food. But when photosynthesis started, it worked really well, so organisms (living things) that had photosynthesis thrived and evolved into plants and trees. As more plants grew across the planet, more and more oxygen went into the atmosphere, meaning that animals were able to start evolving! We would never have existed without photosynthesis.

The overall equation for the oxidation of glucose is:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ⇒ 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)

chemical equation for cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + O2 = H2O + ATP+ CO2

facts about respiration

CO2 is released; occurs in all living cells; produces CO2 and water (H2O); food is broken down; requires glucose; O2 (oxygen) is taken in; occurs in light or dark

what are the products of cellular respiration

CO2, water, ATP

formula for photosynthesis

Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light ----> Sugar + Oxygen

Role CARBON DIOXIDE plays in photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas enters the leaf through the stomata. In the presence of chlorophyll it combines with hydrogen atoms from water to form new compounds (glucose) in the leaf. These sugars store chemical energy for food for the plant and other living things.

Role CHOROPHYLL plays in photosynthesis

Chlorophyll is the green coloring pigment in leaves. It absorbs light energy from the sun. This light energy is essential for splitting water molecules and freeing hydrogen atoms that then react with carbon dioxide to form food for the plant in the form of sugars like glucose.

process of photosynthesis

Plants want to breathe in Carbon Dioxide. Plants also drink. This is why you need to water plants or they will die. They use their roots to suck water up into their bodies, and their little mouths to breath in the carbon dioxide. Once they have both of these things, all they need is light. Leaves are made up of a bunch of tiny cells, where this happens. Inside the cells are tiny little things called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are what makes leaves green, and they are also what takes the carbon dioxide, the water, and the light, and turns them into sugar and oxygen. The sugar is then used by the plants for food, and the oxygen is breathed out into the atmosphere.

role sun plays in photosynthesis

The sun is the source of most all energy on earth. In the process of photosynthesis sunlight provides light energy absorbed by the plant. This energy is changed and stored as chemical energy in sugars (such as glucose), starches, and other organic compounds. This stored chemical energy provides food for the plant and for other life forms that may eat the plant.

Role STOMATA plays in photosynthesis-

Tiny openings on the surface of leaves allow carbon dioxide from the air to enter and oxygen produced during the process of photosynthesis to leave the leaf.

relationship between animals and plants

animals make the carbon dioxide (CO2) that plants need and plants make the O2 (oxygen) that animals need; animals use sugar (from producers/plants) and Oxygen (from producers/plannts); plants use carbon dioxide (from animals)

adaptation

change that living things go through to fit better with their environment; humans can adapt to temperature by putting on different clothes; plants adapt over time; for example, water lillys adapted to have air in their stems which helps them stay afloat and flowers in the rain forest are colorful to attract insects and birds who can pollinate them since there is no wind in a rain forest to carry pollen and some plants adapted to become poisonous to protect them from animals eating them; adaptations explain why certain plants are found in one area but not in another, for example, you wouldn't see a cactus in the artic

petal

colorful and usually bright part of flower; helps attract pollinators; surround the reproductive structures.

Herbivore

consumer that eats only plants

Carnivore

consumer that only eats other animals

besides matter, what else to living organisms move through ecosystems

energy

what is the purpose of cellular respiration

energy- nutrients to feed flowers- chemical energy in food is released then captured in the form of ATP

pistal

female part of flower, comprised of stigma, style and ovary

ovules

female sex cells inside the ovary that donate half the DNA to become the seed; they become the seeds when pollinated or fertilized by the pollen

filament

fine hairlike stalk holding anther

perfect

flowers that have both male and female parts; examples are roses, lilies, pea plants

imperfect

flowers with male or female parts; examples- cucumbers, pumkins, melons

photosynthesis

how plants eat. They use this process to make their own food. Since they don't have to move around to find food, plants stay in one place, since they can make their food anywhere as long as they have three things. The three things are Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Light.

energy pyramid

model that shows the amount of energy available at feeding level in the ecoysystem

phototropism

movement towards or away from sunlight; example, sunflowers follow the sun

geotropism/gravitropism

movement towards or away from the earth; example, is downward growth or roots or upward growth of sshoots

facts about photosynthesis

occurs only in light; occurs in the presence of chlorophyll; CO2 (carbon dioxide) is taken in; requires CO2 and H2O (water); energy of glucose is released; food is accumulated; oxygen (O2) is released; produces glucose; energy from the sun is stored in glucose

producer

organism that captures energy and stores it in food as chemical energy; Producers are any kind of green plant. Green plants make their food by taking sunlight and using the energy to make sugar. The plant uses this sugar, also called glucose to make many things, such as wood, leaves, roots, and bark. Trees, such as they mighty Oak, and the grand American Beech, are examples of producers.

decomposer

organisms that break down dead plants and animal matter into simpler compounds; Examples of decomposers include bacteria, fungi, some insects, and snails

consumer

organisms that get their energy by eating or consuming other organisms; after plants make energy, Next come organisms that eat the leaves- these organisms are called herbivores or primary consumers -- an example is a rabbit that eats grass. The next link in the chain is animals that eat herbivores - these are called secondary consumers -- an example is a snake that eat rabbits. In turn, these animals are eaten by larger predators -- an example is an owl that eats snakes.

Respiration Equation

oxygen (o2) + glucose (c6H12O6) = H2O (water) + CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) + ATP (energy)

explain how energy flows through ecosystem

producers are plants that convert light to energy; primary consumers like caterpillars eat the leaves; secondary consumers like birds eat the catepillars; tertiary consumers who eat the birds; decomposers eat dead animals

cell respiration

the process by which the chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used as fuels in cellular respiration, but glucose is most commonly used . All forms of life except viruses carry out respiration. Oxidation of organic material — in a bonfire, for example — releases a large amount of energy rather quickly.

what do plants need to survive

water and sunlight; adaptations though make it easier to live in harsher environments

pollination

when pollen moves from the male parts to the female parts; it is the step before fertilization in plants;

fertilization

when the male and female gametes join to form an embryo