GY 140 Final Exam

What is the primary driver of urban growth in countries that do not have oil revenue to generate growth? a) Rural to urban migration b) Tourism c) Refugees from Syria d) Immigration from South Asia

a) Rural to urban migration

Chapter 4: llustrate the typical process for water treatment:

Water from a lake or river --> settling basin --> sand filter --> chlorine added --> aeration --> clear well

What is the annual value of oil exports from Saudi Arabia? a) 133.3 billion dollars b) 52.2 billion dollars c) 34.1 billion dollars d) 86.2 billion dollars

a) 133.3 billion dollars

Chapter 3: What percentage of the people of Middle and South America live in cities? a) 77% b) 72% c) 95% d) 59%

a) 77%

The economies of South Asia can be described by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) Agriculture now employs less than 20 percent of the workforce throughout the region. b) IT has played an important part in economic development, particularly in India. c) The service sector produces half of GNI in all countries except Bhutan. d) Changes in food production systems have dramatically increased food production

a) Agriculture now employs less than 20 percent of the workforce throughout the region.

Which of the following countries has the highest values for both Human Development Index (HDI) and political freedom? a) Botswana b) South Africa c) Namibia d) Gabon

a) Botswana

Chapter 5: The primary cause of the shrinkage of the Aral Sea is: a) the use of the lake for irrigation for the cotton industry in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. b) the diversion of water through hundreds of canals to supply water to surrounding cities. c) global climate change's melting oft he glaciers that formerly fed the lake. d) huge dams on the rivers leading to the lake that were built to create hydroelectric power for the former Soviet Union.

a) the use of the lake for irrigation for the cotton industry in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.

Chapter 3: Which of the following best describes the meaning of the expression "brain drain"? a) the decline in education spending due to high debt loads b) the migration of skilled people to a more profitable place c) the growing number of educated people working in low-skill occupations d) the lack of educational opportunities for people living in developing countries

b) the migration of skilled people to a more profitable place

Chapter 1: Which of the following topics would NOT likely be of interest to geographers? a) why certain activities are located in particular places b) the process through which Earth was formed from the universe c) why different places have different characteristics d) how people in one place relate to people in another place

b) the process through which Earth was formed from the universe

Deforestation in Sub-Saharan Africa is best described as: a) Illegal extraction of valuable tropical hardwoods from rainforests b) Harvesting from steep slopes to access mines c) Harvesting resources from the savannah for daily household use d) Shifting cultivation in tropical rainforests

c) Harvesting resources from the savannah for daily household use

Chapter 4: What country has the largest share of renewable energy consumption? a) Denmark b) Sweden c) Iceland d) Norway

c) Iceland

Chapter 4 Central Europe is dominated by a: a) midlatitude temperate climate. b) North Atlantic Drift climate. c) Mediterranean climate. d) continental climate.

d) continental climare

Chapter 1: Regions have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: a) Regions can vary greatly in size. b) Regional boundaries are fuzzy rather than clear and precise. c) Regional definitions are fluid. d) All regions are based on the same set of characteristics.

d) All regions are based on the same set of characteristics

Chapter 3: Despite an overall trend toward democratic elections in recent years, military coups d'état have threatened governments in all of the following countries, except: a) Venezuela. b) Ecuador. c) Honduras. d) Argentina.

d) Argentina

The European Union economy is the __ in the world. a) 4th largest b) 3rd largest c) 2nd largest d) Largest

d) Largest

Chapter 4: Practices that keep European energy consumption much lower than American consumption per capita include all of the following, EXCEPT: Europeans: a) favor modern public transportation such as high-speed rail. b) drive smaller, more fuel-efficient cars. c) live in smaller dwellings, which need less energy to heat. d) don't live as long as Americans, so their lifetime consumption of energy is lower.

d) don't live as long as Americans, so their lifetime consumption of energy is lower.

Chapter 3: The economic development phase that relies on the export of raw materials is the: a) early extractive phase. b) import substitution phase. c) structural adjustment phase. d) foreign direct investment phase.

a) early extractive phase

Chapter 1: Which of the following is NOT a push phenomenon of urbanization? a) growth of shantytowns b) mechanization of agriculture c) increasing food supply d) climate change

a) growth of shantytowns

Kashmir is dominated by a Muslim majority who want to be united with: a) Afghanistan b) India c) Bangladesh d) Pakistan

d) Pakistan

Chapter 3: The reason that temperate crops such as apples and potatoes can be grown at the equator is explained by: a) Altitudinal zonation, which means that in the upper elevations of the Andes, the climate is similar to higher latitudes b) Hybridized crops that can be adapted to tropical climates c) The innovative irrigation technology that several countries in Middle and South America have developed d) The subduction zone that allows plants that grow at high latitudes to be grown throughout the tropics

a) Altitudinal zonation, which means that in the upper elevations of the Andes, the climate is similar to higher latitudes

Chapter 2: The loss of manufacturing jobs in North America is often blamed on free trade agreements. What is another primary cause of the decline of manufacturing? a) Automation of jobs b) Corruption c) Better products made elsewhere d) Declining education levels

a) Automation of jobs

All of the following statements about Buddhism in the South Asian region are correct, EXCEPT: a) Buddhism is unrelated to Hinduism. b) Buddhism originated about 2600 years ago in north India. c) About 1 percent of South Asians are Buddhist. d) Buddhism is most widely practiced in Bhutan and Sri Lanka.

a) Buddhism is unrelated to Hinduism.

Oil pipelines that run through Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are bringing oil to emerging markets in: a) China b) India c) Nepal d) Thailand

a) China

What was one of the primary reasons for urban development in this region? a) Cities were centers of trade. b) Manufacturing developed in this region. c) Warring factions needed urban centers for protection. d) Agriculture was abundant.

a) Cities were centers of trade.

Chapter 2: Why does much of the western United States and Canada have a very arid climate? a) Coastal mountains create barriers to moisture moving inland b) The continental climate reduces the ability of the air to hold water c) The Rocky Mountains block moisture moving from east to west d) Warm moist air coming up from the Gulf of Mexico pours rain in the South, becoming dry as it moves west

a) Coastal mountains create barriers to moisture moving inland

The primary reason for the creation of NATO was to: a) Combat the Soviet Union's expansion after World War II b) Combat the rise of eastern Asia as an economic powerhouse after World War II c) Create an economic block that can compete against the United States d) Assist in the rebuilding of Europe after World War II

a) Combat the Soviet Union's expansion after World War II

Chapter 1: Which of the following statements about ongoing trends in governance is INCORRECT? a) Democracy flourishes equally well in war-torn countries as in peaceful ones. b) Authoritarian regimes are gradually being replaced by democratic ones. c) Competitive elections are an important part of the democratization process. d) There are many stakeholders in a people's decision to choose a particular type of government, including international groups and agencies.

a) Democracy flourishes equally well in war-torn countries as in peaceful ones

Which of the following is NOT true of the practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)? a) FGM has the benefit of protecting woman against HIV and other STDs. b) FGM was probably used to ensure a woman was only interested in sex for purposes of procreation. c) Women who have undergone FGM are 50 percent more likely to die in childbirth than women who have not had the procedure. d) Among the Kikuyu in Kenya today, about 40 percent of women still undergo FGM.

a) FGM has the benefit of protecting woman against HIV and other STDs.

The map that shows Percent of The Population Living in Urban Areas reveals that: a) Rural areas are also densely populated. b) The Himalayan Mountains are devoid of people. c) Most people in this region are concentrated into cities, with vast unpopulated spaces. d) Afghanistan is the most urbanized country.

a) Rural areas are also densely populated.

All of the following statements accurately describe population patterns in South Asia, EXCEPT: a) Future population predictions for the region show growth rates holding steady. b) India alone will overtake China's population by 2030. c) Far fewer babies are dying in infancy, causing couples to have fewer children. d) South Asia is the most densely populated region on the planet.

a) Future population predictions for the region show growth rates holding steady.

What is the primate city of Zimbabwe? a) Harare b) Lusaka c) Dar es Salaam d) Bulawayo

a) Harare

A defining feature of South Asian cities is that they: a) Have large disparities of wealth, with luxury homes near vast informal settlements b) Are fairly uniform in housing type, with evenly distributed incomes c) Are strictly planned so that informal settlements cannot be built d) Consist only of informal settlements

a) Have large disparities of wealth, with luxury homes near vast informal settlements

Chapter 3: Using the GINI index in Middle and South America reveals: a) High levels of income disparity throughout the region b) High levels of economic development throughout the region c) Low levels of gender equality throughout the region d) Low levels of education throughout the region

a) High levels of income disparity throughout the region

Chapter 2: The stark inequalities of United States cities, and a poor social safety net provided by the government, is demonstrated by what phenomenon? a) Homelessness b) Housing segregation c) Gentrification d) Livability index

a) Homelessness

Why are many cities in Europe built near water? a) In medieval times, cities needed to use waterways for transportation. b) To take advantage of cheap hydroelectric power c) To have a source of irrigation for the areas of Europe in which rain is scarce d) To take advantage of tourists wanting to see aquatic wildlife

a) In medieval times, cities needed to use waterways for transportation.

Which countries are members of the European Union, but not North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)? a) Ireland and Serbia b) Poland and Denmark c) Germany and Malta d) Spain and Austria

a) Ireland and Serbia

All of the following statements describe the Cold War, EXCEPT: a) It involved multiple confrontations between Soviet troops and American troops. b) It involved the "Iron Curtain." c) It involved the Soviet Union and the United States, and their allies, for nearly 50 years. d) It involved proxy wars fought in countries located in contested zones between the spheres of influence of the USSR and the United States.

a) It involved multiple confrontations between Soviet troops and American troops.

Which is NOT true of Mumbai? a) It is a social experiment in which the government provides housing and medical care for all residents. b) It is home to India's largest stock exchange. c) It is the home of the film industry known as "Bollywood." d) It is South Asia's wealthiest city.

a) It is a social experiment in which the government provides housing and medical care for all residents.

Chapter 2: What is Canada's main geopolitical influence? a) Its ability to influence the United States. b) It is the world's largest supplier of oil. c) Its generous foreign aid. d) Its massive military.

a) Its ability to influence the United States

Chapter 1: Which of the following is NOT one of the beneficial ripple effects that occur when a society pays attention to the needs of girls? a) Men tend to stay at home and care for the children. b) Education boosts girls' lifetime earnings significantly. c) The children of educated girls tend to be healthier. d) Educated girls marry later and have fewer kids.

a) Men tend to stay at home and care for the children

Look at the map of Fertility rates and GNI per capita. How are these two variables related in this region? a) Most countries have a fertility rate of below 2, but incomes vary and cannot explain the low fertility rates. b) Fertility rates are high in this region, likely because of the low GNI per capita. c) GNI per capita is quite varied throughout the region, and most fertility rates are above 2. d) Fertility rates in this region are quite low, which can be explained by the very high GNI per capita.

a) Most countries have a fertility rate of below 2, but incomes vary and cannot explain the low fertility rates.

Why is Bangladesh particularly vulnerable to sea level rise? a) Most of the country lies just above sea level. b) Decreased glacial melt is causing rivers to run dry. c) The changing climate means less rainfall. d) It is the rainiest place on earth, which saturates the ground.

a) Most of the country lies just above sea level.

What has been a common government response to the changes in birth rates in this region? a) Offering tax incentives for families to have more children b) Reducing family leave c) Discouraging women from entering careers d) Eliminating scholarship opportunities for women in universities

a) Offering tax incentives for families to have more children

Chapter 2: Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the slave economy in North America? a) One benefit of the slave economy was the multiplier effect caused by plantation owners' continual investments in infrastructure to support the Southern economy. b) While there were some slaves in the North, slavery as an economic practice was concentrated in the plantation South. c) Plantation owners were a small percentage of the Southern population, with the majority of the population made up of poor white farmers and slaves. d) The legacy of slavery can be seen in the heavy concentration of African Americans today in the southeastern states.

a) One benefit of the slave economy was the multiplier effect caused by plantation owners' continual investments in infrastructure to support the Southern economy

Why did many countries in this region undergo economic reforms? a) Post-independence socialist policies and central planning were inefficient. b) Privatization was eroding economic growth. c) The International Monetary Fund was placing significant pressure on these countries. d) Import substitution policies promoted social economic policies that marginalized some groups.

a) Post-independence socialist policies and central planning were inefficient.

Chapter 3: What is the term for a city that concentrates a large percentage of a country's population and economy? a) Primate City b) Favela c) Capital City d) Global City

a) Primate City

Which of the following is a reason for the rapid urban growth in Sub-Saharan Africa? a) Rural to urban migration b) Low unemployment rates in the cities c) Refugees from within this region d) Immigration from other regions

a) Rural to urban migration

Which of the following statements is true in the ongoing confrontation between Russia and Ukraine? a) Russia annexed Crimea in part to gain better access to the Black Sea. b) Ukraine's government is challenged to balance the demands of citizens in the west who have closer ties with Russia, with those in the east who want closer ties with the EU c) Russia may attempt to annex Crimea in the same way that it did eastern Ukraine. d) The rural and agriculturally rich Donetsk Basin is currently held by rebels in eastern Ukraine.

a) Russia annexed Crimea in part to gain better access to the Black Sea.

Comparing the variables of Adolescent Births and Percentage of Women with Some Secondary Education, which country would you expect to have the lowest fertility rate? a) Sri Lanka b) Bhutan c) India d) Pakistan

a) Sri Lanka

Chapter 4: Subsidies for agriculture, such as the CAP program in the EU, have the following effects on the global scale, EXCEPT: a) Subsidies encourage overproduction in developing countries. b) Subsidies lock farmers from poorer countries out of major markets. c) Subsidies create a glut on the world market, resulting in dumping. d) Subsidies undermine worldwide food security.

a) Subsidies encourage overproduction in developing countries.

The impact of British colonial rule on the economy of South Asia is best described by which of the following statements? a) The British destroyed the South Asian textile industry and promoted the extraction of raw materials rather than industrial development for the region. b) The British successfully modernized the South Asian textile industry. c) The British introduced modern steel, power, and durable goods manufacturing to the South Asian region. d) The benevolent ruler approach of the British had a neutral impact on the economy of the region.

a) The British destroyed the South Asian textile industry and promoted the extraction of raw materials rather than industrial development for the region

Chapter 2: Starting in the 1960s, manufacturing firms left the old industrial core and relocated to: a) the Southeast. b) Canada. c) the Pacific Northwest. d) the Midwestern states.

a) The Southeast

Why were many state-owned companies sold to private investors after the fall of the Soviet Union? a) The Soviet Union hoped that under private control companies would run more efficiently. b) The Soviet Union needed revenue to pay off loans. c) Companies were sold as a way for everyone to earn money in the new capitalist economy. d) The Soviet government was bankrupt and needed an influx of cash.

a) The Soviet Union hoped that under private control companies would run more efficiently.

Chapter 2: According to the textbook, which of the following statements most accurately describes the focus of U.S. foreign policy? a) The U.S.'s foreign policy is driven primarily by strategic economic and national interests. b) The U.S.'s primary goal is to promote democracy in authoritarian countries. c) The U.S.'s foreign policy remains focused on battling the superpower status of the former Soviet states, including Russia. d) The U.S.'s foreign policy could best be described as a laissez-faire approach, in which the affairs of other countries are not our concern.

a) The U.S's foreign policy is driven primarily by strategic economic and national interests

Chapter 2: The arguments for raising the retirement age include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) The elderly can be paid lower wages than younger people because they are less productive. b) The longer the elderly are employed, the longer their purchasing power can stimulate the economy. c) The elderly will remain self-supporting longer and not become dependent on others. d) Older workers have many talents and lots of experience that can remain in circulation in the economy.

a) The elderly can be paid lower wages than younger people because they are less productive

Chapter 1: Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe current population trends? a) The primary reason for the decrease in population growth rates around the world is a rise in the death rate associated with an increase in civil wars. b) Population growth rates are slowing in most places. c) Over the past 100 years, population growth has been rapid. d) Some countries face challenges associated with aging populations.

a) The primary reason for the decrease in population growth rates around the world is a rise in the death rate associated with an increase in civil wars

Chapter 3: What has been the result of the United States' war on drugs in this region? a) There has been an increase in the number of farms that grow plants to make cocaine b) A complete eradication of all farms that grow plants to make cocaine c) A 50% reduction in all farms that grow plants to make cocaine d) There has been no change in the number of farms that grow plants to make cocaine

a) There has been an increase in the number of farms that grow plants to make cocaine

Chapter 2: Which of the following is true regarding reservation lands in the United States and Canada? a) Today, reservations cover 2 percent of land in the United States and 20 percent of Canada. b) Land set aside for reservations was highly desired by the European settlers. c) As Europeans settled the Great Plains and prairies in the United States, reservation lands were expanded. d) Canadian Aboriginal people, particularly the Dogrib, have little control over their lands.

a) Today, reservations cover 2 percent of land in the United States and 20 percent of Canada

Chapter 2: What is one of the primary dangers of the disposal of wastes from mountaintop removal mining? a) Wastes are dumped in river valleys, which flood during heavy rain events. b) Wastes are driven by truck to landfill sites near rivers. c) Wastes are transported to less-developed countries for disposal. d) Wastes are put back in the earth, but can explode.

a) Wastes are dumped in river valleys, which flood during heavy rain events.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the microcredit system in South Asia? a) While microcredit has been somewhat successful, more than half the loans are not repaid. b) Most of the loans are made to women. c) The loans usually pay the start-up costs of small enterprises. d) Microcredit is based on a system of borrowers who are organized into small groups that are collectively responsible for repaying the loan.

a) While microcredit has been somewhat successful, more than half the loans are not repaid.

What is one factor that explains the pattern represented in the population pyramid for the European Union? a) Women getting more formal education and having more productive careers b) More people paying into the state social security systems c) Massive immigration from the Middle East d) The effects of recent conflicts in Northern Ireland and Bosnia

a) Women getting more formal education and having more productive careers

Chapter 1: If you are looking at a region and cannot see all the country labels, what should you do? a) Zoom in until the labels appear. b) Click on a different basemap. c) Click on the home button. d) Click on a different layer.

a) Zoom in until the labels appear

The transition to a market economy in Russia and the post-Soviet states, starting in 1991, has had all of the following results, EXCEPT: a) a lessening of hunger as food became more widely available through the market system. b) an increase in wealth and income disparities. c) a rise in unemployment and under-employment. d) a few people becoming very rich.

a) a lessening of hunger as food became more widely available through the market system.

Which of the following has NOT contributed to the decreasing birth rates in Russia and the post-Soviet states during the Soviet era and afterwards? a) family matriarchs aging rapidly and requiring their daughters and daughters-in-law to care for them rather than have children b) severe housing shortages c) retirement pensions d) increased opportunities for women to become educated and work outside the home

a) family matriarchs aging rapidly and requiring their daughters and daughters-in-law to care for them rather than have children

Chapter 1: Sustainable agriculture is best described as: a) farming practices that meet human needs without depleting or damaging natural resources. b) farming practices that produce a steady supply of crops all year. c) farming equipment that can be passed down from one generation to the next. d) farming practices that make record profits and can therefore stay in business.

a) farming practices that meet human needs without depleting or damaging natural resources

Chapter 1: The study of population focuses on all of the following EXCEPT: a) genetic characteristics of particular groups. b) the distribution of people across Earth's surface. c) the movement of people across space. d) the growth and decline in numbers of people in particular places.

a) genetic characteristics of particular groups

Chapter 1: GDP per capita statistics may underestimate the role of women in the economy because: a) much of women's work is unpaid or takes place in the informal economy. b) men are more likely to work "off the books" than women are. c) GDP measures only men's contribution to the economy. d) GDP does not take into account the earnings of immigrants.

a) much of women's work is unpaid or takes place in the informal economy

Chapter 4 In order to encourage Europeans to have more children, the European Union is considering all of the following policies, EXCEPT: a) paying parents a large sum of money for each child b) providing a full year off with reduced pay for either parent after the birth or adoption of a child c) lengthening the school day d) providing better preschool options

a) paying parents a large sum of money for each child

Chapter 1: Geographers are concerned with all of the following aspects of culture EXCEPT: a) the biological characteristics of racial groups. b) languages and their distribution across space. c) style of dress, cuisine, music, and other aspects of culture. d) religions and religious diffusion and conflict.

a) the biological characteristics of racial groups

Major accomplishments in post-colonial India include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) the eradication of poverty and hunger. b) the spread of democracy, making India the largest democracy in the world. c) significant modernization of agriculture. d) rapid growth of the industrial and service economies.

a) the eradication of poverty and hunger.

Chapter 5: Russia and the post-Soviet states are considered a region primarily because of: a) their shared history as part of the former Soviet Union's imperial project. b) the linguistic and religious homogeneity of the area. c) the political similarities between the countries. d) the uniformity of the physical landscape they share.

a) their shared history as part of the former Soviet Union's imperial project.

What is the primary use for charcoal in Sub-Saharan Africa? a) Crafting textiles b) Ceremonial uses c) Cooking food d) Writing

c) Cooking food

Chapter 1: The ecological footprint of a person living in the U.S. averages about __, as compared to China, which averages about __: a) 18 acres; 24 acres b) 24 acres; 4 acres c) 18 acres; 4 acres d) 4.5 acres; 4 acres

b) 24 acres; 4 acres

About what percentage of the world's known oil reserves are in North Africa and Southwest Asia? a) 42% b) 66% c) 87% d) 97%

b) 66%

What is the percentage of Europeans live in urban areas? a) 85% b) 70% c) 65% d) 96%

b) 70%

Chapter 2: Which statement best describes the relative educational status of women and men in the United States? a) Men and women receive undergraduate degrees at about the same rate. b) A higher percentage of women receive an undergraduate education than men. c) A higher percentage of men receive an undergraduate education than women. d) Rates of college graduation are declining for both men and women.

b) A higher percentage of women receive an undergraduate education than men

Chapter 5: Positive achievements in the Soviet Union under Stalin include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) Government control of the economy brought about rapid economic development. b) A rich variety of consumer goods were produced and made available to the population. c) Schools were provided for most of the population. d) Standards of living were raised.

b) A rich variety of consumer goods were produced and made available to the population.

Which of the following does NOT explain why birth rates in sub-Saharan Africa remain high? a) Children can provide labor on family farms. b) Adequate vaccinations for most diseases are now widely available. c) Children are viewed as a link between the past and future. d) High infant death rates encourage couples to have more children.

b) Adequate vaccinations for most diseases are now widely available.

What is Palm Jumeirah? a) The oldest city in North Africa and Southwest Asia b) An artificial sand island in Dubai that is shaped like a palm tree. c) A Muslim-only resort in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia d) The newest building in the skyline of Doha, Qatar

b) An artificial sand island in Dubai that is shaped like a palm tree.

Chapter 2: Which of the followings statements about the economic status of the North American region is INCORRECT? a) The United States lost jobs in the economic downturn that began in 2007; Canada gained jobs. b) Canada and the United States are among the richest countries in the world. c) Canada is the United States' largest trading partner. d) Agribusiness has grown so much that now only 10 percent of the North American population is engaged in farming.

b) Canada and the United States are among the richest countries in the world

Chapter 2: The status of government social services in the United States and Canada is accurately described by all of the following statements, EXCEPT: a) The Canadian government subsidized health-care plan covers 100 percent of the population, while 18 percent of the American population went without health care until the recent passage of President Obama's Affordable Health Care Act. b) Canada spends significantly more of its GDP on health care than the United States. c) Voter-supported taxes to provide unemployment and other benefits have given Canadians greater financial security than Americans experience. d) Support for government-provided social services is much stronger in Canada than in the United States.

b) Canada spends significantly more of its GDP on health care than the United States

The region's breadbasket is located in: a) Siberia. b) European Russia and Ukraine. c) Central Asia and the Caucasia. d) Eastern Russia.

b) European Russia and Ukraine.

Most of the borders in Sub-Saharan Africa were drawn by: a) African leaders at independence b) European colonial powers c) American slave traders d) African colonial leaders

b) European colonial powers

Chapter 4 Which of the following statements about the strength of tourism in the EU economy is NOT correct? a) One in eight jobs in Europe is in the tourist sector. b) Europeans themselves do not travel much. c) Tourism generates more than 10 percent of the EU's gross domestic product. d) Europe is the most popular tourist destination in the world.

b) Europeans themselves do not travel much.

Russia used the presence of ethnic Russian speakers and historical control to justify its annexation of: a) Chechnya b) Georgia c) Crimea d) Tatarstan

c) Crimea

Chapter 5: Which of the following does NOT accurately describe Russia's greenhouse gas emissions? a) Its emissions are primarily the result of energy-inefficient technologies and flaring. b) Greenhouse gas emissions are currently decreasing. c) Russia continues many wasteful practices, such as burning off excess natural gas that comes to the surface during oil drilling. d) Russians have a higher per capita emission rate than European countries.

b) Greenhouse gas emissions are currently decreasing.

Agroforestry refers to: a) Eliminating food crops and instead planting high-value tropical hardwoods b) Growing commercially valuable trees along with cash or subsistence crops c) Creating plantations of trees d) Hiring people from villages to plant trees for subsistence

b) Growing commercially valuable trees along with cash or subsistence crops

What are the largest ethnic groups in northern Nigeria? a) Ibibio b) Hausa and Fulani c) Igbo d) Oshun

b) Hausa and Fulani

Chapter 3: The levels of internet connectivity throughout this region reveal: a) High levels of engagement with the global economy b) Highly uneven access to the benefits of the global economy c) Government programs to encourage rural connectivity d) Most people do not have access to the Internet

b) Highly uneven access to the benefits of the global economy

The United States' long support for Saddam Hussein took a turn for the worse when: a) Iraq went to war with Iran in 1980. b) Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990. c) the attack on the World Trade Center occurred on 9/11. d) the CIA came to the conclusion that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.

b) Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990.

The primary religion of the Sahel is: a) animism. b) Islam. c) Voodoo. d) Roman Catholicism.

b) Islam

How has the overall pattern of life expectancy in the region changed recently? a) Life expectancy had been going up, but it has begun to decrease. b) Life expectancy had been falling, but recently has gone back up. c) Life expectancy has fallen since the breakup of the Soviet Union. d) Life expectancy has continually improved since the breakup of the Soviet Union.

b) Life expectancy had been falling, but recently has gone back up.

The holy city that is sacred only to Islam is __, and at least once in their lifetime, Muslims should complete the __ to this city. a) Jerusalem; Ramadan b) Makkah (Mecca); hajj c) Bethlehem; hajj d) Makkah (Mecca); Ramadan

b) Makkah (Mecca); hajj

All of the following are accurate depictions of the caste system in Indian society today, EXCEPT: a) The current form of caste is much stricter and rigid than what one would have found even 300 years ago. b) Most marriages now cross jatilines. c) Some Brahmin families struggle to achieve even a middle-class standard of living. d) In modern economies, jatisare more symbolic than real.

b) Most marriages now cross jatilines.

The status of religion in Russia and the post-Soviet states is accurately described by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) Overall religiosity is moderate in Russia by global standards. b) Religious observance in areas that were traditionally connected to Orthodox Christianity has continued to be practically nonexistent. c) There is government support for traditional values that the church represents, as well as an emphasis on Russian culture in general. d) Many ethnic groups are turning to religion as a way to assert their identity.

b) Religious observance in areas that were traditionally connected to Orthodox Christianity has continued to be practically nonexistent.

Chapter 1: What is the geographical concept that allows geographers to understand how local patterns are shaped by global processes? a) Spatial distribution b) Scale c) Regionalism d) Spatial interaction

b) Scale

Chapter 4: Countries with the most generous social safety nets are found primarily in: a) Central Europe. b) Scandinavia. c) West Europe, including the British Isles. d) South Europe.

b) Scandinavia

Chapter 2: The fastest-growing regions of the United States are the: a) Northeast and the Middle West. b) South and the West. c) Southwest and the Middle West. d) West and the Northeast.

b) South and the West

Which country in South Asia has the highest External Debt as a percentage of their GDP? a) India b) Sri Lanka c) Pakistan d) Afghanistan

b) Sri Lanka

Chapter 1: Which of the following regions has the highest fertility rates? a) East Asia b) Sub-Saharan Africa c) Middle and South America d) Europe

b) Sub-Saharan Africa

Looking at the Climate Zones map, what is the predominant type of climate in Russia? a) Tundra b) Subarctic c) Humid Continental d) Semi-arid

b) Subarctic

Chapter 4: What physical features allow the air above the North Atlantic Drift to moderate the European climate? a) The North Atlantic Drift runs into the Arctic Sea, moderating Europe's climate. b) The Alps Mountain range run west to east, allowing warm and wet air to travel farther inland. c) The Mediterranean Sea captures the warm water from the North Atlantic Drift. d) Coastal mountain ranges block warm air from moving inland.

b) The Alps Mountain range run west to east, allowing warm and wet air to travel farther inland.

Chapter 3: What is the name of the feature that results from the extensive rain shadow produced by the Andes Mountains? a) The Guiana Highlands b) The Atacama Desert c) The Pampas d) The Mato Grosso

b) The Atacama Desert

Which conflict has shaped this region more than any other in the last century? a) The Iran-Iraq War b) The Israeli-Palestinian conflict c) The Sudanese civil war d) The Iraq War

b) The Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Chapter 3: The largest consumer of cocaine grown in Middle and South America is: a) Mexico b) The United States c) Europe d) Columbia

b) The United States

Chapter 5: For thousands of years before the 1600s, the dominant people of the Russian region were the: a) warlike clans from the mountains. b) nomadic horsemen who lived on the steppes. c) urban-based Slavs. d) peasant farmers from the southern regions.

b) nomadic horsemen who lived on the steppes.

All of the following accurately describe the post-colonial, political situation in sub-Saharan Africa, EXCEPT: a) Many governments came to power through military coups d'état. b) The introduction of democratic regimes encouraged entrepreneurship and innovation. c) Corruption in government created suspicion among the population. d) Following independence from colonialism, many governments in the region continued to mimic colonial bureaucratic structures that distanced them from their citizens.

b) The introduction of democratic regimes encouraged entrepreneurship and innovation.

Chapter 2: Which of the following is NOT true of water resources in North America? a) Forty percent of North American rivers are too polluted for swimming and fishing. b) The popularity of bottled water has contributed to the preservation of water resources in the region. c) Food production contributes to water pollution through soil erosion caused by the clearing of land for farming. d) Agricultural chemicals run off into water sources, contributing to pollution.

b) The popularity of bottled water has contributed to the preservation of water resources in the region

Chapter 3: Which of the following is not one of the primary causes of lack of access to clean water experienced by many people in the region? a) Government corruption has hindered efforts to improve water supplies and quality. b) The region is naturally arid and lacks freshwater sources. c) Rapid urbanization has dramatically increased demand for water. d) Governments have failed to invest adequately in water supply infrastructure.

b) The region is naturally arid and lacks freshwater sources

Chapter 2: Which of the following statements about single-parent households in North America is INCORRECT? a) Single-parent families headed by women have the lowest median income. b) There is no connection between household structure and child poverty. c) In 2013, 67 percent of African American children lived in single-parent households. d) The responsibilities of single parenthood can be overwhelming, even for the most dedicated parent.

b) There is no connection between household structure and child poverty

Urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa can be described by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) Much urban growth is taking place in primate cities. b) Urbanization in the region is happening in a carefully planned manner, with ample infrastructure for burgeoning urban populations. c) The rate of urbanization in the region is very rapid. d) From 1960 to the present, the percentage of people living in cities in the region grew from 15 to 38 percent.

b) Urbanization in the region is happening in a carefully planned manner, with ample infrastructure for burgeoning urban populations.

Why is the Aral Sea just a fraction of the size that it used to be? a) Nomadic herders overused the lake. b) Water from the lake was diverted to grow millions of acres of cotton. c) Water from the lake was used for irrigation by poppy farmers in the heroin trade. d) Global warming has dried up the lake.

b) Water from the lake was diverted to grow millions of acres of cotton.

Chapter 1: Which of the following statements about global climate change is INCORRECT? a) Global warming can increase droughts in certain regions b) We have made significant strides in reducing CO2 emissions c) Glacial melting, sea level rise, and flooding are all associated with global climate change d) Human activities that release carbon dioxide and methane contribute to global warming

b) We have made significant strides in reducing CO2 emissions

The gender-related impact of the recent economic changes in Russia and the post-Soviet states can be described by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) Prior to the economic changes of the 1990s, the Soviet Union had the highest rate of female employment in the world. b) Women's life expectancy has dropped since marketization, while men's has remained the same. c) Women tend to be more educated than their male counterparts. d) After the market reforms, women were encouraged to return to the home and many lost their jobs involuntarily.

b) Women's life expectancy has dropped since marketization, while men's has remained the same.

Ushahidi is: a) a Creole language that is being used all across sub-Saharan Africa to facilitate communication between different linguistic groups. b) a web-based, open-source reporting system for sharing information. c) an animistic sect popular in sub-Saharan Africa. d) a rebel ethnic group fighting the government of the Congo.

b) a web-based, open-source reporting system for sharing information.

Which of the following characteristics do all countries in North Africa and Southwest Asia share? a) government based on Islam b) an arid climate c) seclusion of women d) an abundance of oil

b) an arid climate

Chapter 4 Communism can be characterized primarily as: a) a system of exploitation in which working people are made into slaves. b) an economic system in which all of the factories, farms, land, and buildings are owned by the government. c) a repressive system in which people have no rights. d) a government system in which all power resides in a single dictator.

b) an economic system in which all of the factories, farms, land, and buildings are owned by the government.

Chapter 3: Which of the following has not been a result of careful urban planning in Curitiba, Brazil? a) lower levels of congestion and higher levels of employment b) an inner-city shopping area with ample parking c) increased sales for local merchants d) an integrated public transportation system

b) an inner-city shopping area with ample parking

Chapter 1: Geographers use all of the following techniques in their study of human interaction with Earth EXCEPT: a) geographic information systems and other types of cartography b) dissection of animals in the laboratory c) spatial analysis of the distribution of people and things in the landscape d) photographs, satellite images, and other visual representations of Earth's surface

b) dissection of animals in the laboratory

Chapter 1: Globalization is characterized by the: a) gradual development of a world government housed in the UN. b) flow of goods, capital, and people between countries and regions. c) disintegration of national boundaries. d) erasure of separate cultural identities around the globe.

b) flow of goods, capital, and people between countries and regions

Chapter 1: Which of the following events is NOT directly associated with plate tectonics? a) earthquakes b) fluvial deposition c) volcanic eruptions d) mountain building

b) fluvial deposition

Chapter 3: All of the following are the result of the increase in large-scale, green revolution agriculture in the region, except: a) more than 2 million small farmers have been forced to sell their land in Brazil alone since 1985. b) political protests by disenfranchised farmers have caused governments of large countries such as Brazil to reconsider the rush to green revolution-style agriculture c) poor farmers and farm laborers have organized movements such as the Movement of Landless Rural Workers in Brazil to occupy unused portions of large farms. d) there has been an increase in poor farmers heading to the cities for work as farmers lose their land.

b) political protests by disenfranchised farmers have caused governments of large countries such as Brazil to reconsider the rush to green revolution-style agriculture

Chapter 1: Retail sales fall into which sector of the economy? a) secondary b) tertiary c) quaternary d) primary

b) tertiary

Chapter 3: The temperature-altitude zone that is best for growing squash, beans, and coffee is the tierra templada because of its: a) high elevation and sparse vegetation b) year-round, spring-like climate c) tropical rain forest environment d) cool temperatures

b) year-round, spring-like climate

Chapter 3: The population of Middle and South America is expected to grow by how much by the year 2050? a) 1 billion b) 230 million c) 180 million d) 500 million

c) 180 million

Chapter 4: Europe's global greenhouse gas emissions account for about 25% of total global output. However, greenhouse gas emissions per capita in Europe is about how much relative to the average American? a) 10% b) 75% c) 50% d) 25%

c) 50%

According to the Freedom Ranking data, which is the only country in this region that is considered Not Free? a) Bangladesh b) Pakistan c) Afghanistan d) Bhutan

c) Afghanistan

All of the following accurately describe the physical characteristics of Africa, EXCEPT: a) One -fourth of the continent is covered by the Sahara Desert. b) Africa is a raised plateau with steep escarpments along the coasts. c) Africa has several major mountain ranges. d) Africa is the second largest continent on Earth.

c) Africa has several major mountain ranges.

The presence of oil and the maneuvering to control it has allowed which type of government to persist throughout much of the region? a) Democratic b) Socialist c) Authoritarian d) Monarchy

c) Authoritarian

Why does Qatar have significantly more males than females reflected in its population pyramid? a) Women leave the country due to repression. b) A cultural preference for boys means that girls are abandoned at birth. c) Because of the high number of male migrant workers from South Asia d) Males migrate to Qatar because they have more rights than women in that city.

c) Because of the high number of male migrant workers from South Asia

Chapter 3: The primary reason for the U.S. embargo and hostility toward Cuba is: a) competition from Cuba's sugar industry, which undermines the U.S. sugar industry. b) the high level of egalitarianism and high quality of life indicators in Cuba make the United States look bad. c) Castro's adoption of socialism and friendship with the former Soviet Union. d) the Castro regime's oppression of free speech and political opposition.

c) Castro's adoption of socialism and friendship with the former Soviet Union.

Chapter 1: All of the following statements about printed maps are true EXCEPT: a) Printed maps must solve the problem of showing a spherical planet on a flat piece of paper. b) All projections cause some distortion. c) Distortion is greatest for maps of small areas of Earth's surface. d) The various ways of showing the spherical Earth on a flat paper are called projections.

c) Distortion is greatest for maps of small areas of Earth's surface

Chapter 2: What is a primary push factor for people leaving the country that is the largest source of immigrants for the United States? a) Civil war b) Environmental disasters c) Economic hardship d) Religious persecution

c) Economic hardship

What factor is expected to have the effect of dampening fertility rates? a) Lower female education levels b) Urbanization c) Enhanced political rights of women d) Lessening the cultural importance of children

c) Enhanced political rights of women

Chapter 3: The fastest-growing religion in the region is: a) Catholicism. b) Islam. c) Evangelical Protestantism. d) Buddhism.

c) Evangelical Protestantism

Chapter 4 The conditions in urban areas of Europe during the Industrial Revolution can be described by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) People lived and worked in crowded, dirty, and airless spaces. b) Water was often contaminated and sewage ran in the streets. c) Free and widely available education was the main route out of dangerous industrial jobs for the masses. d) Children of the poor were often used as laborers and became ill from poor working conditions, pollution, and lack of sanitation.

c) Free and widely available education was the main route out of dangerous industrial jobs for the masses.

Chapter 1: Arguments in favor of free trade include all of the following EXCEPT: a) Free trade provides job opportunities. b) Free trade gives consumers more options. c) Free trade benefits developing nations more than developed nations. d) Free trade lowers prices.

c) Free trade benefits developing nations more than developed nations

Which country has the highest Human Development Index despite having a slightly below average Gender Inequality Index for this region? a) Botswana b) Namibia c) Gabon d) South Africa

c) Gabon

Which countries seem to attract the most immigrants? a) Italy and Spain b) Greece and Romania c) Germany and the United Kingdom d) Poland and France

c) Germany and the United Kingdom

Chapter 3: Which of the following did not occur with the introduction of structural adjustment programs in Middle and South America? a) Governments lowered tariffs on imported goods. b) Public spending on schools decreased. c) Governments lowered the number of allowable EPZs. d) Health-care spending declined.

c) Government lowered the number of allowable EPZs

Chapter 4: Look at the map that shows which countries are European Union (EU) members. Remember that those in southeast Europe are waiting to apply for membership. Outside of that cluster of non-member countries, which are the other three countries have declined membership in the European Union? a) Ireland, Portugal, and Denmark b) Serbia, Albania, and Macedonia c) Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland d) The United Kingdom, Turkey, and Norway

c) Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland

Why have so many North American and European companies outsourced technology services jobs to India? a) Indians are technically savvier, making it beneficial for companies to outsource jobs to them. b) Wages in India are higher because Indians are better workers. c) India has an educated, middle-class population that will accept lower pay than employees in North America and Europe. d) Many Indians are living abroad and unable to afford the quality of life, so they move back to India.

c) India has an educated, middle-class population that will accept lower pay than employees in North America and Europe.

Chapter 3: The Catholic movement called liberation theology can be described by all of the following, except which statement? a) It had more than 3 million adherents in Brazil alone. b) The Vatican objected to this version of Catholicism. c) It focuses on marianismo's emphasis on the woman's role in charity, motherhood, and service. d) It was begun by a group of priests and activists to reform the Church to combat extreme inequalities.

c) It focuses on marianismo's emphasis on the woman's role in charity, motherhood, and service

Chapter 3: Generally, most countries in Middle and South America fall into which categories of the Human Development Index? a) Most countries are in the low category b) Low to medium categories c) Middle to high categories d) Most countries are in the medium category

c) Middle to high categories

Chapter 4 Which of the following is NOT true of well-being in Europe? a) Ireland, the UK, and Greece have a GDI ranking that is markedly lower than the rest of Europe. b) There is considerable disparity in wealth and well-being. c) Most countries rank in both the highest GNI and highest HDI categories. d) A number of countries have a high GNI rank with a lower HDI rank.

c) Most countries rank in both the highest GNI and highest HDI categories.

Which country is tied with Rwanda as having the lowest Gender Inequality Index? a) South Africa b) Burundi c) Namibia d) Ghana

c) Namibia

What is the primary reason for rain production in this region? a) Rain lift b) Convective lift c) Orographic lift d) Frontal lift

c) Orographic lift

What can you infer from comparing the population pyramids of Sri Lanka and Pakistan? a) Pakistan's population is relatively old, putting pressure on government resources for the elderly. b) Sri Lanka's population is growing slowly, but there has been a recent dramatic increase in birth rates. c) Pakistan's population is relatively young, and the growth rate is slowing. d) Sri Lanka's population is growing very quickly and is mostly under the age of 20.

c) Pakistan's population is relatively young, and the growth rate is slowing.

Which of the following does NOT describe the political climate in North Africa prior to the Arab Spring? a) Constitutions did not protect the rights of women and minorities. b) Freedom of speech was severely limited. c) Participation in public political discourse was widely encouraged. d) Elections were either nonexistent or rigged.

c) Participation in public political discourse was widely encouraged.

Cheap labor such as childcare, laundry, cooking, and cleaning are commonly conducted by: a) Women, because men do not engage in these types of activities b) Businesses operating under a government license c) People living in informal settlements near wealthy areas d) Dalits, or low-caste people

c) People living in informal settlements near wealthy areas

What were the focus of the reforms of the loan restructuring by the International Monetary Fund in the 1980s? a) Eliminating jobs in urban areas to encourage migration to villages b) Providing more subsidies to promote agriculture c) Privatization and divestment of the state from industry d) Increasing spending on social services and education

c) Privatization and divestment of the state from industry

Chapter 2: What was a primary form of discriminatory lending that contributed to the housing segregation present today in United States cities? a) Gentrification b) Subprime mortgages c) Redlining d) Livability

c) Redlining

Why is it significant that there are ethnic Russians in countries such as Georgia and Ukraine? a) The Soviet Union sent Russian criminals to live in those countries as punishment. b) Georgia and Ukraine provide special citizen rights to ethnic Russians living in their countries. c) Russia uses these populations to make territorial claims in parts of those countries. d) Russians have historically been heavily discriminated against in those countries.

c) Russia uses these populations to make territorial claims in parts of those countries.

Chapter 2: Which country is the largest supplier of oil to the United States and is also a member of OPEC? a) Canada b) Iraq c) Saudi Arabia d) Venezuela

c) Saudi Arabia

Which of the following is not being used as an effort to increase water availability in North Africa and Southwest Asia? a) Desalinization b) Pumping water from aquifers c) Seeding clouds d) Building dams

c) Seeding clouds

What is the pattern of population distribution in cities in Russia and Central Asia, and what is the reason for that pattern? a) Most of the urban settlements in the western part of Russia are in the north because oil extraction is a primary resource activity. b) There are no cities west of the Ural Mountains because the climate is too cold for agriculture. c) Small cities are evenly distributed throughout western Russian, because most cities were planned as a way to control territory. d) Most of the urban population settled in western Russia, and these settlements are centers of mineral and oil extraction.

c) Small cities are evenly distributed throughout western Russian, because most cities were planned as a way to control territory.

Chapter 1: According to the Freedom Index, which of the following regions is the least politically free? a) North America b) Southeast Asia c) Southwest Asia d) Middle and South America

c) Southwest Asia

Chapter 2: Which state in the United States has the greatest number of locations where labor, environmental, and tax regulations do not apply? a) California b) Washington c) Texas d) New York

c) Texas

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the monsoons in South Asia? a) Precipitation in the form of snow and ice adds to the existing mass of glaciers whose meltwater feeds the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers. b) The rain nurtures patches of dense tropical rain forests and tropical crops. c) The Kabul Valley in Afghanistan receives abundant rainfall, making it the most fertile valley for agriculture in the region. d) The erosion and subsequent deposition of silt nourish much of the agricultural production in Bangladesh.

c) The Kabul Valley in Afghanistan receives abundant rainfall, making it the most fertile valley for agriculture in the region.

Chapter 2: Which statement does NOT accurately describe the impact of immigrants in North American society? a) Most new immigrants start to work and pay taxes within weeks of their arrival in the country. b) Most new immigrants actually consume fewer public services than they pay for through taxes. c) The NIH reports that one negative impact of immigrants is their drain on the country's health-care system. d) Repeated studies have shown that immigrants contribute more to the U.S. economy than they cost.

c) The NIH reports that one negative impact of immigrants is their drain on the country's health-care system

Which of the following is NOT true of women's rights in Afghanistan? a) Afghanistan has never had a woman as head of state. b) Women must wear a burqa (burka) whenever they leave the house. c) The Taliban have been strong supporters of women's rights. d) Women's rights were slowly but steadily improving until the mid-1990s.

c) The Taliban have been strong supporters of women's rights.

Chapter 2: Each of the following describes population patterns in North America accurately, EXCEPT: a) By 2050, one in five people in the region will be over the age of 65. b) Birth rates declined significantly starting in the 1960s. c) The aging of the population will have beneficial impacts on the economy of the region. d) The U.S.'s population is about ten times the size of Canada's population.

c) The aging of the population will have beneficial impacts on the economy of the region

What role do rivers and flooding play in sustaining agriculture in this region? a) Allowing floods is an alternative to slash and burn agriculture. c) The area of India that lies east and north of Bangladesh. c) Flooding is the best time to get water for crops. d) Rivers can change course, forcing relocation of farms.

c) The area of India that lies east and north of Bangladesh.

Which of the following areas of South Asia receive the most rainfall? a) The east coast of India b) Northeast Pakistan c) The area of India that lies east and north of Bangladesh. d) The mountainous areas of Nepal

c) The area of India that lies east and north of Bangladesh.

Chapter 4 Countries wishing to join the European Union must meet a series of criteria. All of the following are examples of those criteria, EXCEPT: a) The country's constitution must be adjusted to match the EU's standards on human rights and minority rights. b) The country must have a functioning market economy. c) The country must have English or French as its primary language. d) The country must have a democratically elected government.

c) The country must have English or French as its primary language.

The climate of North Africa and Southwest Asia can be accurately described by all of the following statements, EXCEPT: a) This region is the driest on Earth. b) Because of the lack of moisture-holding vegetation, the nights can be very cold. c) The desert is too hot for people to live in and is empty except for urban settlements. d) Temperatures at midday can exceed 130°F.

c) The desert is too hot for people to live in and is empty except for urban settlements.

What distinguishes the formal and informal economies? a) The informal economy focuses only on food, whereas the formal economy focuses on other commodities. b) The informal economy does not hire workers. c) The informal economy is not taxed or regulated. d) The taxes in the informal economy are twice that of the formal economy.

c) The informal economy is not taxed or regulated.

Why has Afghanistan been unsuccessful in bringing down fertility rates? a) The government promotes having children as a way to populate uninhabited areas. b) Unemployment is very high and no informal economy has developed. c) There is ongoing conflict and low education levels of women. d) There are too many people live in cities

c) There is ongoing conflict and low education levels of women.

The OPEC countries can be accurately described by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) Most OPEC countries were poor just 40 years ago. b) They were slow to invest their new wealth in human services and infrastructure. c) They produce most of their own manufactured goods. d) They were slow to diversify to other sectors besides oil.

c) They produce most of their own manufactured goods.

Chapter 2: What is the purpose of a free trade zone? a) To shift production away from the United States b) To focus on large-scale manufacturing c) To attract investment from foreign companies d) To encourage trade with Canada

c) To attract investment from foreign companies

Chapter 1: What is one of the primary reasons we study geography? a) To know where places are and what they are named b) To understand what phenomena you can illustrate with a map c) To understand the spatial distribution of phenomena on the Earth's surface d) To understand that human activities damage the environment

c) To understand the spatial distribution of phenomena on the Earth's surface

Several capital cities have been transformed by an infusion of money from: a) Renewable power generation b) Precious mineral revenues c) Tourism d) Oil revenues

c) Tourism

The European Union has the largest global share of which economic activities? a) Industrial production b) Agriculture c) Trade in goods and services d) Natural resource extraction

c) Trade in goods and services

Which of the following characterizes the intertropical convergence zone and its effects on Africa's climate? a) Cool air from the northern latitudes moves into Africa, blocking warm, moist air from the continent's interior. b) Cool air masses from the north and south meet south of the Sahara, causing cool, wet conditions to prevail over the African interior. c) Warm southerly winds meet warm northerly winds, causing uplift and cooling of the air, which then releases moisture as rain. d) Warm westward-moving air comes together with the Mediterranean high-pressure cell, which traps the air at the ground and prevents it from releasing its moisture.

c) Warm southerly winds meet warm northerly winds, causing uplift and cooling of the air, which then releases moisture as rain.

The history of water management in the Narmada Valley of India illustrates all of the following complexities of development in South Asia, EXCEPT: a) Government policies have made it easier for companies to acquire land, but it results in farmers often being removed forcibly from their land. b) The Sardar Sarovar Dam provides much needed water for irrigation in a prime agricultural region, but it has flooded many villages and farms. c) While many farmers have been evacuated because of the Sardar Sarovar Dam, they have all been given generous compensation packages to resettle elsewhere. d) Large projects like the Sardar Sarovar Dam benefit the wealthy at the cost of the poor.

c) While many farmers have been evacuated because of the Sardar Sarovar Dam, they have all been given generous compensation packages to resettle elsewhere

Chapter 4: The physical geography of Europe is best described as: a) a plateau, raised up from sea level and surrounded by steep cliffs with few beaches and largely unnavigable rivers. b) a vast lowland covered with swampy areas, extending to the foot of the Ural mountains. c) a large peninsula, emerging from the western edge of the Eurasian continent, made up of many smaller peninsulas. d) an island region, separated from the landmass of Asia by large rivers.

c) a large peninsula, emerging from the western edge of the Eurasian continent, made up of many smaller peninsulas.

In sub-Saharan Africa, the main cause of CO2emissions is: a) the large number of cattle owned by the Masai. b) burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil. c) deforestation. d) rapid urbanization and the rise in private car ownership.

c) deforestation

In modern-day South Asia, the differences between Hindus and Muslims are often apparent in: a) facial features. b) the caste system. c) diet. d) willingness to go barefoot.

c) diet

Under colonialism, Europeans created borders that: a) closely followed ethnic divisions, creating homogeneous administrative units. b) closely followed natural borders such as rivers and mountains. c) divided strong ethnic groups and lumped together rival groups to prevent cohesion. d) evenly divided Africa among the four main colonial powers.

c) divided strong ethnic groups and lumped together rival groups to prevent cohesion.

Chapter 2: Southern California's booming agricultural sector was made possible by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) government-sponsored water movement projects. b) a Mediterranean climate. c) enslavement of Native Americans to work on the farms. d) refrigerated transportation.

c) enslavement of Native Americans to work on the farms

Chapter 1: Austria's population pyramid suggests all of the following EXCEPT: a) those over 65 greatly outnumber the youngest (0-4) age group. b) many Austrians now live to a very old age. c) females tend to live shorter lives than men. d) there has been a decline in birth rates in recent years to zero or one child per couple.

c) females tend to live shorter lives than men

Chapter 4: Facing the so-called double day, women in Europe often find jobs with all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT: a) location relatively close to home. b) lower pay. c) fewer working hours. d) flexibility in working hours.

c) fewer working hours.

Chapter 1: The consequences of the green revolution include all of the following EXCEPT: a) soaring production levels and high profits for some farmers. b) damage to the environment, such as pollution of streams, rivers, and lakes. c) improved natural conditions of the soil. d) the migration of people into more dense settlement types.

c) improved natural conditions of the soil

Chapter 2: North America's high rate of greenhouse gas production is related to all of the following, EXCEPT: a) industrial production. b) fossil fuel dependent agriculture. c) methane released from swampy areas such as the Everglades and the Mississippi Delta. d) high levels of urbanization.

c) methane released from swampy areas such as the Everglades and the Mississippi Delta

Chapter 3: Ecotourism can be described accurately by all of the following statements, except: a) development based on ecotourism has the potential to preserve the biodiversity of the region. b) ecotourism is the world's fastest-growing sector of the tourist industry. c) most countries in Middle and South America are lacking in the type of spectacular parks that make ecotourism feasible. d) ecotourist-based development could reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

c) most countries in Middle and South America are lacking in the type of spectacular parks that make ecotourism feasible

Chapter 1: The result of a warm front is likely to be: a) evaporation. b) a monsoon. c) rain or snow. d) dry air.

c) rain or snow

Structural Adjustment Programs initiated in sub-Saharan Africa in the 1980s had all of the following effects, EXCEPT they: a) curtailed corruption. b) closed corrupt state-owned monopolies. c) reduced debt dramatically. d) made tax collection more efficient.

c) reduced debt dramatically

Major air and water pollution problems in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) end-of-life pilgrimages. b) lack of sewage-processing facilities. c) storage of nuclear waste from nuclear power plants. d) industrial waste.

c) storage of nuclear waste from nuclear power plants.

Chapter 1: The direct cause of global warming is: a) the overuse of water in developing nations. b) the inequitable distribution of wealth in the world. c) the increased amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. d) the melting of the polar ice cap.

c) the increased amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Chapter 4: World War II had all of the following effects, EXCEPT: a) the death of 15 million in Germany's fight against the Soviets. b) the death of 70 million people overall. c) the unification of all of Europe under capitalism. d) massive destruction of industrial and urban infrastructure across Europe.

c) the unification of all of Europe under capitalism.

Chapter 2: North American urban populations have increased by 150 percent since WWII, but the land they occupy has increased by 300 percent. This process is called: a) gentrification. b) rate of natural increase. c) urban sprawl. d) diversification.

c) urban sprawl

Chapter 1: Common characteristics of gender roles around the world include all of the following EXCEPT: a) men are expected to fulfill public roles b) women are seen as dependent on men c) women tend to marry later in life than men. d) women are expected to take care of the household, including nurturing children and the elderly

c) women tend to marry later in life than men

Which of the following is NOT among the direct environmental effects of dams? a) Habitats are lost through flooding. b) Land is deprived of nutrient-rich silts. c) Reservoirs are breeding grounds for parasites. d) Aquifers are recharged too quickly.

d) Aquifers are recharged too quickly.

Chapter 1: The theme of Power and Politics explores the range of governance around the world, from democracies to: a) Communist governments b) Parliamentary governments c) Capitalist governments d) Authoritarian governments

d) Authoritarian governments

Chapter 2: What was a primary driver for the movement of people from cities to the suburbs after World War II? a) Trains b) Subways c) Streetcars d) Cars

d) Cars

Chapter 3: Which of the following is not one of the policies enacted by Hugo Chávez in Venezuela? a) He supported government subsidies for food and health care for the poor. b) Chávez joined other governments in the region in condemning SAPs and U.S. intervention in the region. c) Chávez redirected oil profits to support social programs. d) Chávez allowed foreign oil companies to develop and export the country's oil reserves.

d) Chávez allowed foreign oil companies to develop and export the country's oil reserves.

Chapter 1: The Köppen Classification System is the mostly commonly used method of dividing the world into __ regions. a) Precipitation b) Forest c) Desert d) Climate

d) Climate

Chapter 2: What is a primary pull factor for people leaving the country that is the largest source of immigrants for Canada? a) Religious freedoms b) A stronger economy c) Freedom from civil strife d) Cultural and social ties and familiarity

d) Cultural and social ties and familiarity

Due to the air circulating in latitudes of about 20°N to about 30°N, the climate in this region is typically: a) Tropical rain forest b) Mediterranean c) Humid subtropical d) Desert

d) Desert

Chapter 1: Which of the following is a pull factor that contributes to urbanization? a) Mechanization of agriculture b) Fleeing natural disasters c) Displacement due to conflict d) Economic opportunity and jobs

d) Economic opportunity and jobs

One of the primary causes of many of the conflicts in this region is: a) Chinese imperialism b) Indian expansion c) American colonialism d) European colonialism

d) European colonialism

All of the following statements accurately describe the European slave trade, EXCEPT: a) 25 percent or more of the captives died at sea. b) Between 1600 and 1865, 12 million Africans were enslaved and shipped across the Atlantic. c) African slaves were part of the extraction of raw materials and wealth from Africa that fueled the development of Europe. d) European slave trading was far less brutal than the African slave trade that preceded it.

d) European slave trading was far less brutal than the African slave trade that preceded it.

Chapter 2: Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the Mississippi River Delta? a) The delta is a low, flat swampy area where the river meets the sea. b) The delta was created over the last 150 million years. c) Over time, the delta silt deposits have moved 1000 miles in a southerly direction. d) Flood control in the delta region is causing an increase in silt buildup, which is raising the land higher above sea level.

d) Flood control in the delta region is causing an increase in silt buildup, which is raising the land higher above sea level

The textbook raises the idea that as societies based on agriculture became more complex, which of the following occurred? a) Wars over water resources erupted. b) Urban populations declined. c) The nutritional quality of diets improved. d) Gender roles were institutionalized.

d) Gender roles were institutionalized.

The picture of earth from space shows the illumination of the border wall between which two countries? a) India and China b) India and Bangladesh c) Pakistan and Afghanistan d) India and Pakistan

d) India and Pakistan

Which of the following countries has the highest fertility rate in the region and one of the smallest percentages of women in the workforce? a) Saudi Arabia b) Algeria c) Morocco d) Iraq

d) Iraq

Chapter 2: What are primary reasons that the United States is recognized as the world's most powerful country? a) It exports more oil than any other country. b) It provides the most international aid. c) It has the largest population. d) It has the largest military and the largest economy.

d) It has the largest military and the largest economy

Which of the following is NOT true of purdah in South Asia? a) In some cases, the practice of purdah is used as a status symbol. b) The practice is strongest in Afghanistan and across the Indo-Gangetic Plain. c) Generally speaking, rural women have far less freedom than do urban women. d) It is practiced exclusively in Muslim communities.

d) It is practiced exclusively in Muslim communities.

Chapter 4: Immigrants in Europe often live in the outrings of cities, or the suburbs. Why is this the case? a) Immigrants don't assimilate well to host cultures so they prefer to live elsewhere. b) European cities are too crowded for many immigrants, who prefer more open space. c) Many immigrants are very wealthy and can afford the larger homes in the suburbs. d) Land is very expensive in European cities.

d) Land is very expensive in European cities.

After Israel, what is the least unequal country on the Gender Inequality Index? a) Dubai b) Oman c) Tunisia d) Libya

d) Libya

All of the following statements describe the Islamic practice of polygyny, EXCEPT: a) Polygyny is legal in most states in the region. b) A man may have up to four wives. c) Each wife must have a separate dwelling and be well cared for. d) Most men in the region practice polygyny.

d) Most men in the region practice polygyny.

Robert Mugabe's land redistribution program in Zimbabwe resulted in all of the following, EXCEPT: a) a chronic food shortage and economic crisis. b) concentration of land previously owned by the white minority in the hands of Mugabe's supporters. c) political violence that created 3 to 4 million refugees. d) Mugabe's overthrow by a Marxist rebel movement.

d) Mugabe's overthrow by a Marxist rebel movement.

Which statement most accurately reflects the distribution of land between Israel and Palestinians? a) The land in the area is equally divided between Israel and the Palestinians. b) Over the last 60 years, the Palestinians have steadily gained back land originally taken by Israel and now have more than 50 percent of the land. c) The majority of the land is still administered through a United Nations mandate. d) Over the last 60 years, the Palestinians have lost to Israel most of the land they once lived on.

d) Over the last 60 years, the Palestinians have lost to Israel most of the land they once lived on.

Which of the following statements about the Partition of the South Asian subcontinent is NOT accurate? a) In 1971, what was called East Pakistan became Bangladesh. b) Seven million Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India from their ancestral homes in what became Pakistan at Partition. c) Between 1 million to 3.4 million people died in clashes between Muslims and Hindus at Partition. d) Partition, while a horrific process, was ultimately beneficial for the region because it prevented any future conflicts between religious groups.

d) Partition, while a horrific process, was ultimately beneficial for the region because it prevented any future conflicts between religious groups.

What is the relationship between population growth and the growth of cities? a) Urbanization has increased fertility rates. b) Urbanization has decreased fertility rates substantially. c) Population growth has declined, balancing rural to urban migration, which leads to little population growth. d) Population growth in African countries is occurring primarily in cities.

d) Population growth in African countries is occurring primarily in cities.

Chapter 5: All of the following accurately describe the physical features of Russia, EXCEPT: a) The West Siberian Plain is the largest wetlands in the world. b) The Ural Mountains are considered a dividing line between European Russia and Siberia. c) Russia west of the Ural Mountains is the country's agricultural core. d) Russia has limited mountain cover.

d) Russia has limited mountain cover.

What are the top three oil exporters in this region? a) Kazakhstan, Georgia, and Ukraine b) Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Belarus c) Georgia, Russia, and Ukraine d) Russia, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan

d) Russia, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan

Which country has the highest levels of debt as a percentage of GDP in Sub-Saharan Africa? a) Nigeria b) Liberia c) Zimbabwe d) South Africa

d) South Africa

The "color revolutions" in the region have included all of the following, EXCEPT the: a) Orange Revolution in Ukraine. b) Rose Revolution in Georgia. c) Tulip Revolution in Kyrgyzstan. d) Spring Revolution in Russia.

d) Spring Revolution in Russia.

Sub-Saharan Africa can be described by all of the following statements, EXCEPT: a) The region contains 48 countries and occupies a bigger space than North America and Europe combined. b) The region is often erroneously perceived as poverty-stricken and unable to help itself. c) The region is widely recognized as the ancient home of modern humans. d) Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the most densely populated regions on Earth.

d) Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the most densely populated regions on Earth.

Chapter 4: Many European countries have accepted a great number asylum seekers. What component of the European Union structure makes this possible? a) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization b) The Eurozone c) The Balfour Agreement d) The Schengen Agreement

d) The Schengen Agreement

Chapter 5: The Soviet Union's role in WWII can best be described by which of the following statements? a) Soviet aid allowed Germany to last much longer than it would have otherwise. b) The Soviet Union took a backseat role in supporting Britain and the United States. c) The Soviet Union took a neutral role. d) The Soviet Union took a leading role in defeating Nazi Germany.

d) The Soviet Union took a leading role in defeating Nazi Germany.

Many capital cities in this region are primate cities. What does this signify? a) That these cities cannot compete economically with western cities b) That the urban population is dispersed evenly across many cities c) That most of these cities are underdeveloped and lack basic infrastructure d) The historic relationship between political seats of power and a strong economy in those cities

d) The historic relationship between political seats of power and a strong economy in those cities

Chapter 3: The El Niño phenomenon causes which of the following? a) The east coast of South America experiences warmer than normal water and larger hurricanes. b) Rain comes over the Andes from the east and drenches the Atacama Desert. c) The west coast of South America experiences dry weather and cold ocean waters. d) The west coast of South America experiences warm water and torrential rains.

d) The west coast of South America experiences warm water and torrential rains

Chapter 1: What is a main critique that geographers have of standard measurements of economic development, such as GDP or GDP per capita? a) These indicators do not reflect the level of development of a country. b) The data for these indicators is difficult to obtain. c) These indicators measure only the informal economy. d) These indicators do not reflect inequality within a country.

d) These indicators do not reflect inequality within a country

Chapter 4 Compared to the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean, with what problem must the Mediterranean, Baltic, and Black Seas contend? a) Each is shrinking because the main rivers that feed them have been diverted. b) Their substantial oil and gas resources are being developed recklessly. c) Freshwater animal life is being threatened by saltwater intrusion. d) They have difficulty cleansing themselves of pollutants due to their location.

d) They have difficulty cleansing themselves of pollutants due to their location.

Not all countries in the Persian Gulf are completely dependent upon oil exports. Some countries are diversifying their economies, including promoting: a) Agriculture b) Manufacturing c) Education d) Tourism

d) Tourism

According to the textbook, which of the following has NOT been well understood by Western (American and European) advisers and aid officials concerning indigenous African agriculture? a) With fertilizer, African soils can remain fertile under continuous use. b) Men produce most of the food for family consumption. c) Indigenous practices are less sustainable than Western techniques. d) Traditional systems are more complex than suggested systems assume.

d) Traditional systems are more complex than suggested systems assume.

Chapter 4 While Turkey remains a candidate to join the European Union, issues of concern about its potential membership remain. Which of the following is NOT one of these? a) Turkey has a strained relationship with Cyprus, which is currently a member of the EU. b) Turkey is a predominantly Muslim country, and there are concerns that it violates the principle of separation of church and state. c) Turkey has a history of human rights violations against its Kurdish minority. d) Turkey's close alliance with Russia makes some in the EU nervous.

d) Turkey's close alliance with Russia makes some in the EU nervous.

Looking at the political freedom map, which of the following countries is the most politically free? a) Russia b) Azerbaijan c) Belarus d) Ukraine

d) Ukraine

What is the mountain range that divides European Russia from Siberia? a) The Swiss Alps b) Zagros Mountains c) Himalayan Mountains d) Ural Mountains

d) Ural Mountains

Look at the map of Female Participation in the Workforce and Percent Females with Some Secondary Education. How are these two variables related in this region? a) The higher level of workforce participation in this region explains the low percentage of women who are have secondary education. b) Women have low levels of both education and employment in the workforce in this region use oil extraction is a primary resource activity. c) Women have fairly low levels of education, but about 90% of women in the region are in the workforce. d) Women have relatively high levels of education in this region, which corresponds to levels of women in the workforce that compares to North America and Europe.

d) Women have relatively high levels of education in this region, which corresponds to levels of women in the workforce that compares to North America and Europe.

Chapter 3: Which of the following significantly aided the Spaniards in their defeat of the Aztecs? a) the eruption of two volcanoes that destroyed the largest Aztec cities b) the release of manufactured poisons into the Aztec water system c) the miserable living conditions experienced by most in Aztec society d) a smallpox epidemic brought by the Spaniards

d) a smallpox epidemic brought by the spaniards

Chapter 3: Shifting cultivation has all of the following characteristics, except: a) the clearings are planted with multiple crops for 2 to 3 years. b) small forest plots are cleared and then burned before planting. c) shifting cultivation is highly productive for relatively low population densities. d) after three years, the plot is abandoned forever, and a new plot is cleared.

d) after three years, the plot is abandoned forever, and a new plot is cleared

Chapter 1: Race is all of the following EXCEPT: a) a political construct. b) based on apparent characteristics such as skin color. c) a social construct. d) based on true biological differences in skill and aptitude.

d) based on true biological differences in skill and aptitude

Prior to the 2008 recession, the United Arab Emirates was preparing for peak oil by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) investing in the manufacturing sector. b) investing heavily in luxury tourism with developments such as Palm Island. c) diversifying into information technology and financial services. d) buying up oil reserves in other countries such as Venezuela.

d) buying up oil reserves in other countries such as Venezuela.

Chapter 4 The relationship between European colonialism and the industrialization and democratization of Europe is best characterized as: a) colonialism spurred democratization only because the colonized peoples rebelled and demanded equal rights. b) colonialism was actually a drain on the resources of the European powers; rather than helping their development, it stalled their progress. c) there is no connection between the colonial period and the period of the industrial and democratic revolutions. d) colonialism fueled Europe's industrial and political modernization by supplying massive amounts of raw materials and riches taken from the occupied colonies.

d) colonialism fueled Europe's industrial and political modernization by supplying massive amounts of raw materials and riches taken from the occupied colonies

European colonizers' policies toward Africa can be summarized as: a) local rule. b) banana republicanism. c) genocide. d) divide and rule.

d) divide and rule

Chapter 1: Which of the following types of water resource degradation is NOT commonly linked to urbanization? a) mismanaged storm water b) pollution related to industrial production c) pollution from untreated sewage d) fertilizer and pesticide runoff

d) fertilizer and pesticide runoff

Which of the following is NOT one of the migration push factors that led people to move in large numbers from villages to cities in North Africa and Southwest Asia? a) economic forces driven by oil wealth and globalization, such as an increase in export-oriented agriculture b) drought c) small farmers displaced by agricultural modernization d) increased need for agricultural labor because of the green revolution

d) increased need for agricultural labor because of the green revolution

Based on HDI and GNI per capita rankings, it is clear that Jordan and Tunisia have been: a) promoting emigration. b) defunding in social services. c) tapping into oil and gas resources. d) investing in social services.

d) investing in social services.

In the post-World War II era, the United States and Western European countries supported leaders in North Africa and Southwest Asia who were most likely to: a) promote democracy in the region. b) support secular government in all countries, including Israel. c) support the Zionist movement and the state of Israel. d) maintain a friendly attitude toward U.S. and European economic and strategic interests in the region.

d) maintain a friendly attitude toward U.S. and European economic and strategic interests in the region.

Which has NOT been a policy of the Afghani Taliban? a) restrictions on women, promoting only fundamental Islamic education b) strict enforcement of shari'a c) control of corruption and crime and minimization of Western ways d) publicly promoting the sale of opium to raise funds for their cause

d) publicly promoting the sale of opium to raise funds for their cause

All of the following contribute to desertification in North Africa and Southwest Asia, EXCEPT: a) pumping water from underground aquifers for irrigated agriculture. b) international aid agencies' policies encouraging nomadic herdsmen to become sedentary cattle ranchers. c) pumping water from underground aquifers for urban settlements. d) seawater desalination technologies.

d) seawater desalination technologies.

Which of the following is NOT one of the adaptations used in North Africa and Southwest Asia to conserve water? a) daily bathing in public baths b) architectural design such as tick stone walls and wind towers c) capturing snowmelt and moving it to fields via qanats d) severely limiting their use of water for irrigation of crops

d) severely limiting their use of water for irrigation of crops

According to the textbook, which of the following has contributed to the spread of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa? a) fewer people getting married b) rapid manifestation of the disease c) poor transportation networks d) the dependence on sex work for economic survival

d) the dependence on sex work for economic survival

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of life in the cities of Russia today? a) old, massive apartment blocks b) shared kitchens and bathrooms c) inadequate sewage and waste management d) the rise of new, modern apartment complexes

d) the rise of new, modern apartment complexes