Gyn Chapter 41 normal anatomy

The average length of the premenarcheal uterus is

1-3 cm long by .5-1 cm wide

Fallopian tube length

12 cm

Ovulation typically occurs mid cycle, around day_____

14

the vaginal cuff measures

2.1 cm

Postmenopausal uterus atrophies to approximately

3.5-5.5 cm long by 2-3 cm wide

post menapause women's endo should not measure more than

5mm

right before ovulation the endometrium measures

6-10 mm

The menarcheal uterus measures

6-8 cm long by 3-5 cm wide

what is the thickest dimension of the endometrium just prior to menstruation

7-14 mm

multiparity uterus measures

8-10 cm long by 5-6 cm wide

post menapause women's endo on HRT could measure up to

8mm

Where fertilization typically occurs

Ampulla

The most common uterine position where the body and fundus are tilted forward towards the cervix

Anteversion

This stimulates the ovarian follicle to develop during the first half of the menstrual cycle

FSH

2 primary gonadatropins

FSH and LH

Finger like projectors that drape over the ovary

Fimbriae

A mature follicle, which measures approx 2 cm prior to ovulation is known as a ______________ ______________

Graafian follicle

The free edge of the fallopian tube that projects beyond the broad ligament to overlie the ovaries

Infundibulum

The narrowest portion of the fallopian tube that pierces the uterine wall at the cornua

Interstitial portion

The hardest part of the fallopian tube that lies lateral to the uterus

Isthmus

How does a full bladder effect the pelvic cavity for scanning?

It will tilt the uterus posteriorly and will push bowel up and and out of the pelvic cavity

This hormone stimulates ovulation

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

the cessation of menses

Menopause

what structures appear hypoechoic with characteristic hyperechoic striations when viewed in the long axis?

Pelvic muscles

List the layers of the uterus

Perimetrium (serosa) , myometrium and the endometrium

List the muscles found within the false pelvis

Psoas major muscles and Iliacus muscles which form the iliopsoas muscles

When the body and fundus of the uterus is bent backward toward the cervix

Retroflexion

Position of the uterus when it is tilted posteriorly

Retroversion

This phase of the ovulatory cycle begins on the first day of menstrual bleeding and continues until approx day 14

The Follicular Phase

The uterus consists of these 3 parts

The fundus, the body and the cervix

true pelvis contains

all the organs

absence of menstruation

amenorrhea

the anterior cul-de-sac is located

anterior to the fundus of the uterus between the urinary bladder and the uterus

As the ureters descend from the retroperitoneal cavity, they pass anterior to these arteries and posterior to these arteries

anterior to the internal iliac arteries and posterior to the ovaries and uterine arteries

the urinary bladder is located in the ___________ portion of the pelvic cavity; _____________ to the pubis symphysis

anterior, posterior

List the various positions of the uterus

anteversion, anteflexion, retroflexion, retroversion and retroversion with retroflexion

the space of Retzius is located

between the anterior bladder wall and the pubis symphysis

the ligament that provides a small amount of support to the uterus and contains the blood vessels and nerves

broad ligament

these ligaments hold the cervix in place

cardinal ligament and uterosacral ligament

uterine position depends on the

cervix

Ureteral jets are easily identified sonographically using

color Doppler

the fallopian tubes enter the uterine cavity at the lateral borders of the fundus, known as the

cornua

A uterus that is tilted to the right or left of midline

dextroversion (right) , levoversion (left)

painful periods, often associated with endometriosis

dysmenorrhea

inner mucous membrane, glandular portion of the uterine body

endometrium

the four arch like recesses formed by the cervix and the vagina are called

fornices

the hypothalamus begins the pulsatile release of _________________________ when a girl reaches puberty which stimulate the anterior pituitary gland

gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs)

which portion of the fallopian tubes pierce the uterine wall?

interstitial portion

Which ligaments support the cervix?

lateral cervical ligament cardinal ligament laterally across the pelvic floor uterosacral from the uterine isthmus downward

These muscles form the pelvic floor.

levator ani and coccygeus muscles

the cells in the lining of the ruptured ovarian follicle begin to multiply and create the corpus luteum. The process is known as

luteinization

Which ligaments support the ovaries?

medially by the ovarian ligaments laterally by the suspensory ligament attached to the posterior aspect of the broad ligament

the state after reaching puberty during which menses occurs normally

menarche

a term used to describe abnormally heavy or long periods

menorrhagia

The 3 phases of the menstrual cycle are

menstrual phase, proliferative phase and secretory phase

mittleschmerz means ( mittleschmerz is meddling in the middle )

middle pain/ the feeling of ovulation

the muscular layer of the uterus composed of thick, smooth muscle supported by connective tissue

myometrium

The Anterolateral walls are formed by hip bones and ___________ _________ muscles

obturator internus muscles

describes abnormally short or light periods

oligomenorrhea

Another name for the muscles that form the pelvic floor is

pelvic diaphragm

where are the iliacus muscles located?

pelvic sidewall

where are the psoas muscles located?

pelvic sidewall

serous outer layer- serosa

perimetrium

The posterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity is formed by _____________ and _____________ muscles

piriformis and coccygeus muscles

List the muscles found within the true pelvis

piriformis muscles, obturator internus muscles and the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm (the levator ani and coccygeus muscles)

the menstrual cycle occurs at intervals of less than 21 days

polymenorrhea

the posterior cul-de-sac is located

posterior to the uterus between the uterus and the rectum

Where is the piriformis muscle located?

posterolateral wall

physiological status of prepuberty (before the onset of menses)

premenarche

what hormone is produced by the corpus luteum cyst?

progesterone

what are the 3 muscles that make up the levator ani muscles?

pubococcygeus iliococcygeus puborectalis

the external genitalia of the female is known as the vulva or the ________________

pudendum

fibrous cords that occur in front of and below the fallopian tubes between layers of broad ligament

round ligaments

the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle corresponds to which phase of the menstrual cycle?

secretory phase

during the proliferative phase the sonographic appearance of the endometrium is called

the 3 line sign

This phase begins at ovulation and is about 14 days in length

the luteal phase

the posterior cul de sac is also known as

the rectouterine recess (pouch) or the pouch of douglas

This protrudes into the upper portion of the vaginal canal

the uterine cervix

Sonographically, ureters are not typically seen but may be identified by the visualization of ______________ _________

ureteral jets

the anterior cul-de-sac is also known as the

vesicouterine recess (pouch)