H. Physics Chapter 1 Test

-(delta):

"difference or change in"

-(sigma):

"sum" or "total"

uncertainty:

-A numeric measure of confidence in a measurement or result is known as uncertainty. A lower uncertainty indicates greater confidence. Uncertainties are expressed by using statistical methods

Areas within physics(7):

1. Mechanics 2. Thermodynamics 3. Vibrations and wave phenomena 4. Optics 5. Electromagnetism 6. Relativity 7. Quantum mechanics -MTVOERQ

steps to the scientific method:

1. make observations and collect data that lead to a question 2. Formula and objectively test a hypothesis by experiments 3. Interpret results and revise the hypothesis if necessary 4. State conclusions in a form that can be evaluated by others

______-international committee agreed on a system of standards. Fundamental quantities needed for measurements: Systéme International d'Unités(SI)-only 7 base units, each of which describe a single dimension, such as length, mass, or time

1960

hypothesis

A hypothesis is a reasonable explanation for observations-can be tested with additional experiments

relativity

particles moving at any speed, including very high speeds

-_________ use the tools of mathematics to analyze and summaries their observations, then they use the mathematical relationships among physical quantities to help predict what will happen in new situations

physicists

_________ involves that can be corrected, but precision describes how exact a measurement can be/Ex: 1.325m is more precise than 1.3m/lack of precision due to instruments not people

Accuracy

__________ is a description of how close a measurement is to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured

Accuracy

-Method error:

results if some measurements are taken using one method and some are taken using a different method-standardize the method of taking measurements

-___________ can be measured using different units-ex: dimensions of time can be measured in seconds, hours, or years

Dimensions

vibrations and wave phenomena

specific types of repetitive motions

-v:

speed

-When we learn about heat and electricity, we add two other dimensions, one for ________ and one for __________

temp. ... electric current

Is all data always a measurable quantity?

No. Mixed chemicals changes colors. Heat generation-observation-go into the data

What is physics?

Physics is the study of the interaction between matter and energy

_______ is the degree of exactness of a measurement

Precision

-Precision:

the exactness of a measurement

Significant figures:

Significant figures are those digits in a measurements that are known with certainty plus the first digit that is uncertain -one estimated place in an uncertain answer-it is significant -you get significant figures from the measurements that you take

where do you get significant figures?

the instrument you use that contains one estimated position

-__________________ estimates can also be used to estimate numbers in situations in which little information is given

The Order-of-magnitude

-Accuracy:

a description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured

-Model:

a pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept

-Significant figures:

a prescribed decimal place that determines the amount of rounding off to be done based on the precision of the measurement

-System:

a set of particles or interacting components considered to be a distinct physical entity for the purpose of study

-Hypothesis:

a testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation

-Controlled experiment:

an experiment that tests only one factor at a time by using a comparison of a control group with an experimental group

quantum mechanics

behavior of submicroscopic particles

The goal of physics is to use a small number of basic ________, ________, and _________ to describe the physical world

concepts...equations...assumptions

-Physical equation:

contact statement based on a model of the situation

-The description of what kind of physical quantity is represented by a certain measurement is called _____________((s)-three basic—length/mass/time)

dimension

electromagnetism

electricity, magnetism, and light

derived units:

formed by combining the seven base units with multiplication or division Ex: speeds: units of meters per second (m/s)

thermodynamics

heat and temperature

optics

light

what is the scientific method?

logical problem solving method

what are the 3 quantities that we will measure and their bases? (Each base unit describes a single dimension, such as length, mass, or time)

mass-base: kilograms length-base:meters time-base: seconds

Physics is the study of the interaction between ______ and ______. (Transfer of energy)

matter...energy

-Order-of-magnitude calculation:

means determining the power of 10 that is closest to the actual numerical value of the quantity

-Instrumental error:

meter-stick/balance not in good working order-introduce error

Physicists use ______ to explain the most fundamental features of various phenomena.

models(mathematical models)

mechanics

motion and it's cause, interactions between objects

All areas of physics deal with some sort of __________.

movement

-Many measurements can be expressed in terms of _____ dimensions. For example, physical quantities such as _______, ______, _______, _______, and ________ can all be described as combinations of length, mass, and time

three..force, velocity, energy, volume, and acceleration

-Ramo experiments:

used the motion of a ball rolling down a ramp as a model of the motion of a falling ball. The steeper the ramp, the closer the model came to representing a falling objects. Ramp experiments provided data that matched the predictions Galileo made in his hypothesis