H. Physics Chapter 1 Test
-(delta):
"difference or change in"
-(sigma):
"sum" or "total"
uncertainty:
-A numeric measure of confidence in a measurement or result is known as uncertainty. A lower uncertainty indicates greater confidence. Uncertainties are expressed by using statistical methods
Areas within physics(7):
1. Mechanics 2. Thermodynamics 3. Vibrations and wave phenomena 4. Optics 5. Electromagnetism 6. Relativity 7. Quantum mechanics -MTVOERQ
steps to the scientific method:
1. make observations and collect data that lead to a question 2. Formula and objectively test a hypothesis by experiments 3. Interpret results and revise the hypothesis if necessary 4. State conclusions in a form that can be evaluated by others
______-international committee agreed on a system of standards. Fundamental quantities needed for measurements: Systéme International d'Unités(SI)-only 7 base units, each of which describe a single dimension, such as length, mass, or time
1960
hypothesis
A hypothesis is a reasonable explanation for observations-can be tested with additional experiments
relativity
particles moving at any speed, including very high speeds
-_________ use the tools of mathematics to analyze and summaries their observations, then they use the mathematical relationships among physical quantities to help predict what will happen in new situations
physicists
_________ involves that can be corrected, but precision describes how exact a measurement can be/Ex: 1.325m is more precise than 1.3m/lack of precision due to instruments not people
Accuracy
__________ is a description of how close a measurement is to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured
Accuracy
-Method error:
results if some measurements are taken using one method and some are taken using a different method-standardize the method of taking measurements
-___________ can be measured using different units-ex: dimensions of time can be measured in seconds, hours, or years
Dimensions
vibrations and wave phenomena
specific types of repetitive motions
-v:
speed
-When we learn about heat and electricity, we add two other dimensions, one for ________ and one for __________
temp. ... electric current
Is all data always a measurable quantity?
No. Mixed chemicals changes colors. Heat generation-observation-go into the data
What is physics?
Physics is the study of the interaction between matter and energy
_______ is the degree of exactness of a measurement
Precision
-Precision:
the exactness of a measurement
Significant figures:
Significant figures are those digits in a measurements that are known with certainty plus the first digit that is uncertain -one estimated place in an uncertain answer-it is significant -you get significant figures from the measurements that you take
where do you get significant figures?
the instrument you use that contains one estimated position
-__________________ estimates can also be used to estimate numbers in situations in which little information is given
The Order-of-magnitude
-Accuracy:
a description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured
-Model:
a pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept
-Significant figures:
a prescribed decimal place that determines the amount of rounding off to be done based on the precision of the measurement
-System:
a set of particles or interacting components considered to be a distinct physical entity for the purpose of study
-Hypothesis:
a testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation
-Controlled experiment:
an experiment that tests only one factor at a time by using a comparison of a control group with an experimental group
quantum mechanics
behavior of submicroscopic particles
The goal of physics is to use a small number of basic ________, ________, and _________ to describe the physical world
concepts...equations...assumptions
-Physical equation:
contact statement based on a model of the situation
-The description of what kind of physical quantity is represented by a certain measurement is called _____________((s)-three basic—length/mass/time)
dimension
electromagnetism
electricity, magnetism, and light
derived units:
formed by combining the seven base units with multiplication or division Ex: speeds: units of meters per second (m/s)
thermodynamics
heat and temperature
optics
light
what is the scientific method?
logical problem solving method
what are the 3 quantities that we will measure and their bases? (Each base unit describes a single dimension, such as length, mass, or time)
mass-base: kilograms length-base:meters time-base: seconds
Physics is the study of the interaction between ______ and ______. (Transfer of energy)
matter...energy
-Order-of-magnitude calculation:
means determining the power of 10 that is closest to the actual numerical value of the quantity
-Instrumental error:
meter-stick/balance not in good working order-introduce error
Physicists use ______ to explain the most fundamental features of various phenomena.
models(mathematical models)
mechanics
motion and it's cause, interactions between objects
All areas of physics deal with some sort of __________.
movement
-Many measurements can be expressed in terms of _____ dimensions. For example, physical quantities such as _______, ______, _______, _______, and ________ can all be described as combinations of length, mass, and time
three..force, velocity, energy, volume, and acceleration
-Ramo experiments:
used the motion of a ball rolling down a ramp as a model of the motion of a falling ball. The steeper the ramp, the closer the model came to representing a falling objects. Ramp experiments provided data that matched the predictions Galileo made in his hypothesis
