HA - Chapter 11: Assessing Culture- (not Lippincott )

The nurse is caring for a client who is from another country, and states to the charge nurse, "I just don't know if the client really understands what I am saying, and I am not understanding the client either, even though he speaks English." What stage of cultural awareness is the nurse experiencing? Unconscious incompetence Conscious incompetence Conscious competence Unconscious competence

Conscious incompetence Conscious incompetence is the awareness that one lacks knowledge about another culture; aware that cultural differences exist but not knowing what they are or how to communicate effectively with clients from different cultures.

A client requests to be cared for by a nurse who is a member of his own culture. The nurse recognizes that which barrier exists in regards to this client's nursing care? Ethnicity Prejudice Stereotype Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism is the barrier that the nurse identifies in this client's nursing care. The perception that one's beliefs, values, and sanctioned behaviors are superior to all others is termed as ethnocentrism. Ethnicity refers to a socially, culturally, and politically constructed group of individuals that holds a common set of characteristics not shared by others with whom they come in contact. Prejudice is based on preconceived notions about certain groups of people. Stereotype refers to accepting that there are people from other cultures, having different beliefs and values, but not recognizing the variation that can exist within any cultural group.

A nurse recognizes that the belief that one's worldview is the only acceptable truth and that one's beliefs, values, and sanctioned behaviors are superior to all others is called what? Ethnocentrism Stereotyping Egocentrism Ethnicity

Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's worldview is the only acceptable truth and that one's beliefs, values, and sanctioned behaviors are superior to all others. Stereotyping is expecting group members to hold the same beliefs and behave in the same way. Egocentrism is the tendency to perceive, understand, and interpret the world in terms of the self and the inability to see other people's viewpoints. Ethnicity describes subgroups that have a common history, ancestry, or other cultural identity and may relate to geographic origin.

A nurse is assessing a Navajo client, who has presented to the health clinic with complaints of feeling endangered, confusion, bad dreams, and hallucinations. Which culture-bound syndrome should the nurse suspect in this client? Wacinko Hi-Wa itck Arctic hysteria Ghost sickness

Ghost sickness Ghost sickness is a culture-bound syndrome of the Navajo tribe and features feelings of danger, confusion, futility, suffocation, bad dreams, fainting, dizziness, hallucinations, and loss of consciousness. Wacinko is a culture-bound syndrome of the Oglala Sioux and is often a reaction to disappointment or interpersonal problems. Symptoms include anger, withdrawal, mutism, and immobility; it often leads to attempted suicide. Hi-Wa itck is a culture-bound syndrome of the Mohave tribe and is characterized by unwanted separation from a loved one. Symptoms include insomnia, depression, loss of appetite, and sometimes suicide. Arctic hysteria is a culture-bound syndrome of the Greenland Eskimos and is characterized by an abrupt onset and extreme excitement of up to 30 minutes, often followed by convulsive seizures and coma lasting up to 12 hours, with amnesia of the event.

When caring for a client from a culturally different background, what is the goal for incorporating the client's health beliefs and practices into the nursing plan of care? To enhance the client's social system To enhance cultural connectedness Improvement of the client's health outcomes Improvement of communication with the client and family

Improvement of the client's health outcomes Consideration of the client's cultural background and incorporating health beliefs and practices in care plans contribute to enhanced client experiences with health care and improve health outcomes. Incorporating the client's health beliefs and practices will not enhance this client's social system or cultural connectiveness, nor will it improve communication with the family.

An elderly client is touring the United States and has a heart attack. When admitting this client to the coronary care unit, what would be important to note in the family history? Chronic childhood illnesses Quality of family relationships Reliability of information source The decision makers for the family

The decision makers for the family Family is important in all cultures, but definitions of family and who is included in the family may vary among cultures. In the history, note the family structure and who the decision makers are for the family, especially for health care issues.

Suzie is a 16-year-old daughter in the Hanes family. She is the youngest of five children. She has had a series of illnesses and does not seem to be regaining her strength. She likes school but is falling behind a bit. Her mother is very attentive to her needs but does not seem overly concerned with the continuing pattern of illness. Which of the following is most likely a Hanes family belief? Fathers are not involved with their children. Education is highly valued for sons and daughters. The family values taking sick roles and caregiver roles. Self-care is highly valued in the Hanes family.

The family values taking sick roles and caregiver roles. Cultural beliefs and values to assess include beliefs about who serves in the role of healer or what practices bring about healing.

A nurse is caring for a client who is an immigrant and believes in the magicoreligious system. The nurse understands that the client believes which of the following affect(s) health? taboos religiosity spirituality supernatural forces

supernatural forces Those who have faith in the magicoreligious belief system think the entire universe has supernatural forces at work, which affect all humans as well as the world in general. A taboo is a social or religious custom prohibiting a particular practice or association with a particular person, place, or thing. Religiosity is a strong belief in religion. Spirituality is having a strong concern for the human spirit or soul.

When performing a cultural assessment, an important point to remember would be that definitions of family differ to use first names of those you are speaking to that alternative therapies are reasons for seeking care that the cultural/ethnic background is evident in the client's appearance

that definitions of family differ

A family member of a dying client asks the nurse if they may perform certain rituals, such as praying and reading verses in the private hospital room. How should the nurse respond? Deny the request. Allow the request. Inform the family it would be too disruptive. Notify the nursing supervisor.

Allow the request. The nurse should respect cultural practices as long as they are not disruptive to other clients and do not pose a risk to the unit. The family's request can be carried out and should not cause disruption to other clients because the client has a private room; therefore, this request should be allowed. The nurse may notify the nursing supervisor, but this is not the best answer.

A nurse assesses a 4-year-old boy who experiences gas, a stomachache, and diarrhea after consuming lactose products. The nurse recognizes the data as what type of biological variation? Anatomic Biochemical Developmental Body surface

Biochemical This boy is demonstrating signs of lactose intolerance, which is an inability to digest lactose and is a type of biochemical variation among cultures. The number of lower-extremity venous valves varies between Caucasians and African Americans, a phenomenon that is an example of an anatomic variation. Developmental variation in childhood includes variation in motor development among different cultures. Surface variation comprises variations in secretions of sweat and earwax among cultures.

During a client interview, the nurse is focusing on cultural influences particularly when assessing: (Select all that apply.) Health care beliefs and practices Nutrition High-risk behaviors Cardiovascular status Employment history

Health care beliefs and practices Nutrition High-risk behaviors Aspects of culture that are relevant to the health assessment include health care beliefs and practices, nutrition, and high-risk behaviors. Aspects of culture that are not necessary relevant to the health assessment include the cardiovascular status and employment history.

T/F - Nurses can use the "ASKED" mnemonic to examine their own cultural competence.

True "ASKED" stands for awareness, skill, knowledge, encounters, and desire. Nurses can use the tool to explore their own knowledge, attitudes, and interests related to culture.

A cultural assessment should include all of the following except:

Use of prayer Prayer would be the focus of a spiritual assessment more than a cultural assessment. Each of the other listed focuses is justifiably included in the cultural assessment.

A nurse is caring for a female client. The client tells the nurse that in their culture, the husband makes all the decisions. The nurse understands that this is common in some societies that believe in which of the following family structures? paternalistic generational Western-style autonomous

paternalistic In paternalistic or patriarchal societies, the father of the family is expected to be informed of diagnoses and to make decisions about treatment. In generational cultures older family members have more say in health care and treatment than clients themselves, even if the client is an adult. The Western-style family structure is a biomedical one and believes clients should make their own decisions (also know as autonomous).

Which statement by the nurse demonstrates a cultural bias? "I don't understand how a woman would be sexually interested in another woman." "The client is Muslim, so I'll need to arrange care around his need to pray five times a day." "American healthcare is really so much better than that provided by any other country." "The client is old and wouldn't be able to understand the discharge instructions."

"American healthcare is really so much better than that provided by any other country." A bias is based on the practice of applying one's own cultural beliefs and values when interpreting and judging the value of something. A prejudice is disapproving or negative attitude that is not rooted in fact or accurate information. Stereotyping involves a uniform image of one group that is believed by another group or a fixed, overgeneralized belief about a particular group.

A nurse is assessing the diet and nutritional status of a patient from a different culture. Which of the following questions would be appropriate for the nurse to ask? Select all that apply.

"Are there any foods that you can't eat?" , "What foods do you commonly eat?" , "Do you have any special routines for eating?" , "Do you have to eat certain foods to keep you healthy?" The correct answers are: "What foods do you commonly eat?", "Do you have any special routines for eating?", "Are there any foods that you can't eat?", and "Do you have to eat certain foods to keep you healthy?"

A nursing instructor is teaching about cultural awareness and sensitivity in client care. The student demonstrates understanding of the above when making which of the following statements? "Cultural awareness happens first when the client initially arrives to the floor." "Cultural awareness happens first when the nurse does a chart review." "Cultural awareness happens first when the nurse obtains culturally specific information from the client's health history." "Cultural awareness happens first when the nurse walks into the client's room."

"Cultural awareness happens first when the nurse obtains culturally specific information from the client's health history." Cultural awareness/sensitivity occur when the nurse takes a health history and asks specific questions about the client's culture. It does not happen when the client first arrives to the floor or when the nurse enters the room. It is a conscious and deliberate process in which the health care provider becomes appreciative and sensitive to the values, beliefs, life ways, practices, and problem-solving techniques of a client's culture. These questions are answered when doing the health history and interview.

Which of the following statements accurately describe cultural factors that may influence health care? Select all that apply.

In many cultures, the man is the dominant figure and generally makes decisions for all family members. , When people move to the United States, they may speak their own language fluently but have difficulty speaking English. , Most mental health norms are based on research and observations made of white, middle-class people. , Certain racial and ethnic groups are more prone to developing specific diseases and conditions. The correct answers are: Certain racial and ethnic groups are more prone to developing specific diseases and conditions., Most mental health norms are based on research and observations made of white, middle-class people., In many cultures, the man is the dominant figure and generally makes decisions for all family members., and When people move to the United States, they may speak their own language fluently but have difficulty speaking English.

A nursing student is caring for an older adult from a different cultural background. The nurse's preceptor asks the student what would be an important assessment to make to provide quality nursing care for this client. What would be the student's most appropriate response? transcultural assessment respiratory assessment mobility assessment family assessment

transcultural assessment A specific example of a comprehensive nursing assessment that attends to both social and cultural dimensions is the transcultural assessment. A respiratory assessment would be important if the client had a respiratory problem. Mobility and family assessments could be useful, but these aspects can also be addressed through a transcultural assessment.

A new nurse asks her preceptor if the new baby she is caring for is breast- or bottle-feeding. The preceptor tells the new nurse that the mother is Hispanic and to give the baby a bottle because Hispanics do both until the mother's milk comes in. This is an example of: stereotyping. understanding. competence. ethnicity.

stereotyping

The nurse is assessing a client in the emergency department who appears to be confused and unable to follow commands. When obtaining the client's social history, which of the following questions should the nurse ask first? "Do you live in low-income housing?" "Are you able to afford your medications?" "Have you consumed any alcohol today?" "Are you married?"

"Have you consumed any alcohol today?" Nurses should use their judgement regarding the appropriate timing of a social assessment considering the health encounter, and only ask the questions that are essential. Asking about drug and alcohol use is a priority as the client is confused and unable to follow commands. Determining housing status, ability to purchase medications, and marital status are not immediately essential questions to ask.

Which statement by the nurse demonstrates an understanding of the importance that a client's culture plays in the client's health and wellness? "I need to understand the client's cultural background to best interpret the client's needs." "A person's race is an effective characteristic of his or her cultural background." "I understand a client's culture if I am familiar with the client's ethnic values." "A disability is not a factor in determining a client's cultural needs."

"I need to understand the client's cultural background to best interpret the client's needs." Culture and ethnicity determines interpersonal communication style, as well as health beliefs, values, and practices. To accurately assess the health needs of clients, the nurse must assess clients within the context of their background. Race is not strongly associated with culture since it is a socially constructed concept. Ethnic values are only a part of what comprises a person's culture. A person's disability does place him or her into a unique culture that can present specific needs.

A nursing instructor is teaching nursing students about cultural competence. The instructor determines understanding when the students make which of the following statements? "The nurse must be aware of the client's beliefs and values to provide high-quality care." "The nurse needs to assist clients with acculturation to Western beliefs and values." "Recognizing that a client is from a different culture is cultural competence." "Cultural competence is easy for all nurses to understand and achieve."

"The nurse must be aware of the client's beliefs and values to provide high-quality care." To provide high-quality care, nurses must know how to assess what is normal or abnormal for all persons who seek care. This necessitates cultural competence. Assisting clients in changing their beliefs and values to Western values would be considered ethnocentric. Recognizing that someone is from a different culture is the first step in cultural competence, but would not indicate that someone has achieved full cultural competence. Cultural competence is not easy to all and may be difficult for some nurses to understand and achieve; even so, nurses and all health care providers must strive for cultural competence in order to provide the best care to clients.

The nurse is conducting a cultural assessment with a client who recently immigrated to the United States. Which interview question is of most importance when addressing family history as it impacts the client's care? "When did your family arrive in the United States?" "What were the reasons your family made the decision to immigrate to the United States?" "How is your family adjusting to life here in the United States?" "Who is primarily responsible for making family decisions since arriving in the United States?"

"Who is primarily responsible for making family decisions since arriving in the United States?" Family is important in all cultures, but definitions of family and who is included in the family may vary among cultures. In the history, the nurse should note the family structure and who the decision makers are for the family, especially for health care issues. While the remaining options are appropriate questions, they are not as important to a hospitalized client's care as identifying who is going to be making health decisions.

A nurse has a regular client who is an immigrant from China and who follows the traditional medical system of that culture. To improve the ability to understand and work with this client, the nurse researches this client's cultural view of health. Which of the following would the nurse most likely discover? A focus on maintaining balance between yin and yang Respect for nature and use of masks and sand paintings Prayers to God and saints for spiritual reparations for sins Use of herbs, roots, talismans, and amulets

A focus on maintaining balance between yin and yang Asian traditions of medicine include Chinese medical practitioners and herbalists who focus on maintaining balance between yin and yang. Native American and Alaska Native traditions include respect for nature and avoidance of evil spirits, along with use of masks, herbs, sand paintings, and amulets. Hispanic traditions include prayers to God and saints for spiritual reparations for sins. African traditions include use of magic, herbs, roots, rituals, talismans, and amulets.

Which best defines a major aspect of culture?

A shared belief system A culture is a shared system of values, beliefs, and attitudes. Culture is not synonymous with ethnicity, and it transcends physical characteristics. Each patient should always be treated as an individual, but this is not mutually exclusive with assessing and acknowledging culture.

A nurse wants to determine their own tendencies to stereotype. Which of the following mnemonics should the nurse use to assess their cultural competence and biases? RACE BIAS ASKED QUESTION

ASKED The ASKED mnemonic is used to examine an individual's cultural competence. The mnemonic stands for Awareness, Skill, Knowledge, Encounters, and Desire. RACE is a mnemonic for fire safety: Rescue, Alarm, Contain, and Extinguish. The other options, BIAS and QUESTION, are not mnemonics.

If a client seems reluctant to make eye contact, a health care provider should consider the possibility that this is which of the following? A feature of the person's culture An indicator of respect An indication of discomfort or intimidation A feature of the person's racial group

An indication of discomfort or intimidation People from the dominant culture frequently assume that avoidance of eye contact is a client's "cultural norm," but eye contact is more often a response to the discomfort or intimidation felt as a result of power inequities inherent in health care interactions. It would be simplistic to assume that it is an indication of respect or a norm of a client's racial group.

A nurse reviews a client's chart. The nurse learns that the client has been eating only 25% of their meals and has lost 2 lb. (.9 kg.) since admission. The client practices Orthodox Judaism. What action(s) would a culturally competent nurse take? Select all that apply. Ask the client about food preferences. Allow family members to bring food to the client. Allow the client to arrange times they would like to eat their meals. Ask the kitchen to bring the client more of the same food they have been receiving. Tell the client, "You need to eat in order to get better."

Ask the client about food preferences. Allow family members to bring food to the client. Allow the client to arrange times they would like to eat their meals. Clients who practice Orthodox Judaism adhere to certain food restrictions, for example, dairy and meat cannot be eaten together. The nurse should allow the family, who knows the client's restrictions and preferences, to bring the client food. Also, allowing the client to eat meals during times they are accustomed to may increase their appetite. Asking the kitchen to bring the client more food will not increase the client's appetite. Telling the client that they need to eat is not therapeutic.

A woman newly immigrated to the United States is admitted to the obstetric unit. While doing a transcultural assessment, how would the nurse individualize questions for this client? Assessing if the client speaks and understands English Realizing that some women are not allowed an education in their home country Requesting a professional translator fluent in the woman's language Directing assessment questions only to the client's partner or family members

Assessing if the client speaks and understands English To best address individualization during a transcultural assessment with this client, the nurse must determine the degree to which the client effectively speaks and understands English. The nurse would need this information prior to asking for a translator, assuming the client was not allowed an education, or talking only with the partner or family members.

The client comes to the health care provider stating he has a sore throat and believes he needs an antibiotic. This is an example of what type of model for health? Biomedical Complementary Spiritual Alternative

Biomedical The biomedical model views health as the absence of disease and health is restored through prompt diagnosis and elimination of pathology. Alternative treatments are used in instead of conventional. Complementary treatments includes alternative an conventional treatments. Spiritual is based upon one's belief system.

In preparing to assess a client from a different culture, a nurse is aware that one needs to assess both factors that affect the client's approach to providers and factors that affect the client's disease, illness, and health state. Which of the following is a factor the nurse should consider that primarily affects the client's approach to providers? Death rituals Body language Pain Pregnancy and childbearing

Body language Elements of communication—including time, space, eye contact and face positioning, body language and hand gestures, silence, and touch—are all examples of factors that affect the client's approach to providers. Health care beliefs—such as causes of illness, culture-bound syndromes, culture-based treatments, death rituals, pregnancy and child-bearing, pain, and blood products and transfusions—are examples of factors that primarily affect the client's disease, illness, or health state.

Which of the following statements is true about biologic variation? Both genetics and environment produce biologic variation. Cultural practices produce biologic variation. Race is based on physical variations. Drug metabolism differences are not culture based.

Both genetics and environment produce biologic variation. Some aspects of biologic variation affect and are affected by cultural beliefs and behaviors. Genetics and environment, and their interaction, cause humans to vary biologically.

The nurse is caring for a client who is from another country, and states to the charge nurse, "I just don't know if the client really understands what I am saying, and I am not understanding the client either, even though he speaks English." What stage of cultural awareness is the nurse experiencing? Unconscious incompetence Conscious incompetence Conscious competence Unconscious competenceWhen caring for a client from a culturally different background, what is the goal for incorporating the client's health beliefs and practices into the nursing plan of care? To enhance the client's social system To enhance cultural connectedness Improvement of the client's health outcomes Improvement of communication with the client and family

Conscious incompetence Conscious incompetence is the awareness that one lacks knowledge about another culture; aware that cultural differences exist but not knowing what they are or how to communicate effectively with clients from different cultures.

A new graduate nurse, attending a hospital orientation, is asked to explain the goals of a cultural assessment. What would be the graduate nurse's best answer? Developing and implementing a culturally congruent plan of care Comparing social care needs of the specific person Acquiring knowledge about the community's cultural beliefs and practices Comparing social and health beliefs of public health agencies

Developing and implementing a culturally congruent plan of care The specific aim of cultural assessment is to provide an all-inclusive picture of the client's culture-based health care needs by (1) gaining knowledge about the client's cultural beliefs and practices; (2) comparing culture care needs of the specific person with the general themes of those of a similar cultural background; (3) identifying similarities and differences among the cultural beliefs of the client, health care agency, and nurse; and (4) generating a holistic picture of the client's care needs, upon which a culturally congruent nursing care plan is developed and implemented. The remaining options are associated with components of an effective cultural assessment.

A nurse is assessing a client from India who complains of panic, sexual dysfunction, fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite. Which culture-bound syndrome should the nurse suspect in this client? Dhat Latah Wind illness Koro

Dhat Dhat is a culture-bound syndrome of India and includes symptoms of panic, sexual complaints, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, guilt, and sexual dysfunction with no physical findings. Latah is a culture-bound syndrome of Malaysia that occurs after a traumatic episode or surprise. Symptoms include an exaggerated startle response (usually in women), screaming, cursing, dancing, hysterical laughter, imitation of people, and hyper-suggestibility. Wind illness is a culture-bound syndrome of Asia that features symptoms including fear of wind or cold exposure causing a loss of yang energy. Koro is a culture-bound syndrome of Malaysia and Southeast Asia that features a fear that genitalia will retract into the body, possibly leading to death.

A nurse is performing an admission assessment of a client of Asian descent who participates in traditional cultural practices. During the assessment the nurse observes large, round, red marks on the client's back. What action should the nurse take? Document findings. Ask the client's spouse to leave the room. Report findings of abuse to the nursing supervisor. Notify the health care provider of abnormal findings.

Document findings. Cupping is a traditional healing practice used in Asian societies, and it often leaves large, red marks. The nurse would document the findings. There is no reason to ask the client's spouse to leave the room or report abuse to the supervisor because these marks are normal in the client's culture. The nurse does not have to notify the health care provider, because these are not abnormal findings.

Sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies such as thalassemia are often found in persons originating from which geographical regions? Central and South America. Northern and Central Europe. Mediterranean and Africa. Australia and New Zealand.

Mediterranean and Africa. Drug metabolism differences, lactose intolerance, and malaria-related conditions—such as sickle cell disease, thalassemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and Duffy blood group—are considered biochemical variations. The malaria-related conditions would obviously occur in populations living in or originating from mosquito-infested locales such as the Mediterranean and Africa.

Which of the following statements is true of cultural groups and magico-religious beliefs in their health belief systems? Western majority culture does not have magico-religious beliefs. Hispanic culture has religious beliefs but not magico-religious beliefs. Afro American culture has magic beliefs but not religious beliefs. No culture is without an element of magico-religious beliefs.

No culture is without an element of magico-religious beliefs. In the magico-religious belief system, the entire universe is seen to have supernatural forces at work, which affect all humans as well as the world in general. Spirits and various other entities are thought to affect the status of both physical and mental health.

What is one way in which nurses can develop cultural self-awareness?

Objectively examine their own beliefs, values, and practices. Not quite. Actually, one of the best ways for nurses to develop cultural self-awareness is to examine their own beliefs, values, and practices.

A nurse is performing a focused assessment on a newly admitted client. The client recently emigrated from Central America. The client is talking about the evil eye in a partial use of the dominant language. What is the best response of the nurse? Request a Catholic priest. Document abnormal findings for culture. Ask the family, "How long has this been going on?" Obtain a translator.

Obtain a translator. The priority for the nurse is to obtain a translator and ask the client how they usually seek advice or care when they are ill, so that the health care team can provide culturally competent care. The nurse should not assume that the client is Catholic, especially since the evil eye is not part of the Catholic religion. Asking the family "How long has this behavior been going on?" implies that it is abnormal, when in fact avoiding the evil eye is a traditional preventative measure in Central and South America, and therefore this can be considered a normal finding.

A nurse has set the goal of becoming more culturally sensitive and competent. What is the primary rationale for cultural sensitivity in health care settings?

Obtaining accurate assessment data. Not quite. Actually, the primary reason to develop cultural sensitivity in the health care setting is that it helps nurses obtain accurate assessment data. Patients who are more comfortable and who feel their culture is being respected will be more forthcoming. Furthermore, nurses who are more culturally aware will be better able to recognize needs that are specific to certain cultures.

A nurse documents on the client's assessment form, "skin color appropriate for race". Why is this not an appropriate assessment statement? Race is not a physical characteristic. The nurse needs to be culturally sensitive when making comments such as these. This is ethnocentrism and should not be documented. It is appropriate to use this statement because people of the same race all have the same skin color.

Race is not a physical characteristic. Race is not a physical characteristic but a socially constructed concept that has meaning to a larger group. Race is a vague, unscientific term that refers to a group of genetically related individuals who share certain physical characteristics. People of the same race to not have the same skin color and tones.

When the nurse asks a client of African origin for the reason for coming to the health clinic, the client responds by saying, "Bad blood." The nurse recognizes that the client is most likely referring to which of the following? Low blood volume due to diet High blood pressure Sexually transmitted infection Sudden collapse preceded by dizziness

Sexually transmitted infection For some people of African origin, "bad blood" refers to contamination of the blood, especially by a sexually transmitted infection. "Low blood" may refer to having not enough blood or weak blood due to diet. "High blood" can refer to high blood pressure but also to thick or excessive blood. A sudden collapse preceded by dizziness or a spinning sensation may be referred to as "falling out" or "blacking out."

A nurse is working in a culturally diverse clinic. When assessing clients from different cultures the nurse must understand that culture directly affects which of the following? Select all that apply. beliefs about health and illness family structure and function employability and education spirituality and religion race and gender

beliefs about health and illness family structure and function spirituality and religion The environment people live and grow in affects beliefs and behaviors. People become accustomed to the culture of the environment and the community they are a part of. Culture includes beliefs about health and illness, family structure and function, spirituality and religion, as well as community. Culture does not directly affect employability and education or race and gender.

A nurse at a culturally diverse clinic is conducting an assessment of a new client. The nurse asks the client, "What does suffering and pain mean to you?" What is the rationale for asking this question? Select all that apply. better understanding how the client's culture views pain determining if the client has drug-seeking behavior determining the client's ability to manage pain knowing that most cultures do not believe in pain knowing that pain varies among cultures

better understanding how the client's culture views pain determining the client's ability to manage pain knowing that pain varies among cultures Pain varies among cultures. With this foundational knowledge, the nurse is assessing how the client will be able to manage pain and what their cultural views are regarding pain. The nurse is not trying to determine if the client has drug-seeking behaviors. Thinking that most cultures do not believe in pain is not accurate.

A nurse is conducting a cultural assessment. Which of the following should the nurse include in the assessment? Select all that apply. values affiliations physical health history of mental illness communication

communication values affiliations A cultural assessment should include the client's values, affiliations (what culture the client self-identifies with, religion), cultural sanctions or restrictions, communication, health-related beliefs and practices, education background, nutrition, and socioeconomic considerations, among other factors. History of mental illness is not generally included in a cultural assessment. A physical assessment assesses physical health; however, a cultural assessment can take place during a physical exam and health history.

A male nurse is caring for an elderly woman who has become withdrawn and somewhat confused since the nurse has come on duty. When the nurse goes into the room to bathe the client, she refuses to allow it. The best explanation for her actions would be which of the following? confusion depression fear in strange surroundings cultural differences

cultural differences Many cultures restrict touch of females by males. Even male physicians in some cultures are not allowed to treat females. The client is not showing confusion, depression, or fear in her surroundings but instead is uncomfortable with a male wanting to care for her.

A shared, learned, and symbolic system of values, beliefs, and attitudes that shape and influence how people see and behave in the world is a definition of what term? society community system culture

culture At the most basic level, culture can be defined as a shared, learned, and symbolic system of values, beliefs, and attitudes that shape and influence how people see and behave in the world. Society is defined as a group of people bound by a common culture. Community is defined as a group of people having a common interest. System is defined as a group of interrelated elements forming a complex whole.

The nurse spends a day off in a part of a non-English speaking community in order to learn more about the culture to improve interactions when providing client care. What cultural activity is this nurse demonstrating? skill desire awareness competence

desire Cultural desire is the motivation that the nurse wants to become culturally aware, culturally knowledgeable, and culturally skillful to seek cultural encounters. Cultural skill is "the ability to collect relevant cultural data regarding the client's presenting problem as well as accurately conducting a culturally-based physical assessment. Cultural awareness is the process of conducting a self-examination of one's own biases towards other cultures and the in depth exploration of one's cultural professional background. Cultural competence recognizes the need for a set of skills necessary to care for people of different cultures.

Stereotyping is defined as the belief that one's cultural values are superior to all others. a worldview that each of us forms values and beliefs based on our own culture. a culture-bound syndrome found in many cultural groups. expecting all members of a cultural group to hold the same beliefs and behave in the same way.

expecting all members of a cultural group to hold the same beliefs and behave in the same way. Many people are aware of other cultures and their different beliefs, values, and accepted behaviors but do not recognize the considerable variation that can exist within any cultural group. Not recognizing this variation tends to lead to stereotyping all members of a particular culture, expecting group members to hold the same beliefs and behave in the same way.

A nurse is assessing a client admitted with anorexia nervosa. The nurse expects which of the following signs and symptoms? fear of excessive weight loss, restricted exercise weight loss with self-induced vomiting fear of obesity, restricted food intake fear of weight gain, binge eating

fear of obesity, restricted food intake Anorexia nervosa is a North American and Western European culture-bound syndrome associated with an intense fear of obesity; it is characterized by severely restricted food and calorie intake and frequent excessive exercise. Anorexia nervosa is not the fear of excessive weight loss and it does not include binge eating. Weight loss with self-induced vomiting is seen in bulimia nervosa, another North American culture-bound syndrome in which a client binges and then induces vomiting in order to avoid weight gain.

A client of Native American/First Nations (Navajo) heritage is admitted to the hospital with dizziness, hallucinations, and loss of consciousness. The client is now awake, alert, and oriented. The nurse interviews the client and the client states he has been preoccupied with the death of someone close to him. The client's father states this reaction is common in his culture. Which of the following culture-bound syndromes is this client experiencing? empacho bulimia bad blood ghost sickness

ghost sickness Ghost sickness is a culture-bound syndrome seen in Native American/First Nations (Navajo) societies. The client may have feelings of danger, confusion, futility, suffocation, bad dreams, fainting, dizziness, hallucinations, loss of consciousness, or preoccupation with death or someone who died. Empacho is a culture-bound syndrome seen in Latin (American or Mediterranean) societies. It is seen in children: soft foods are believed to adhere to the stomach wall causing gastrointestinal symptoms. Bulimia is a culture-bound syndrome seen in North America and Western Europe. It is a disordered approach to eating that originates from an intense fear of obesity. Bad blood is a culture-bound syndrome seen in African societies. It means blood is contaminated and the term often refers to sexually transmitted diseases.

A nurse is assessing a client who believes in naturalistic health. The nurse understands that the client believes that which of the following will promote health and well-being? using amulets and talismans avoiding blood products keeping harmony and balance using magical herbs

keeping harmony and balance In naturalistic belief systems, the focus is on keeping harmony or a natural balance in the cosmic natural order, in which human life is only one aspect. There are several naturalistic theories, including yin/yang theory, hot/cold theory, and the four humors. Amulets, talismans, and magical herbs are seen in African cultures. These items are used to ward off bad spirits and prevent illness. Using blood products is against the Jehovah's Witnesses religion.

The nurse knows that nonverbal communication can be difficult to interpret among of people of different cultures because of the many variations. These variations include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) patterns of space eye contact hand gestures beliefs touch

patterns of space eye contact hand gestures touch Nonverbal communication has the most misinterpreted variations. These include patterns of space, eye contact, body language, hand gestures, silence, touch, and time. Beliefs, although important to cultural assessment, are not a form of nonverbal communication.

The most effective way for a nurse to learn about an ethnic group within the community in which he/she practices is study transcultural nursing texts and articles about the group. interview the traditional healers within the group. do a community survey of the areas where the ethnic group lives. spend time with a variety of individuals of that ethnic group.

spend time with a variety of individuals of that ethnic group. Repeated face-to-face encounters help to refine or modify the nurse's knowledge of the culture. The nurse must seek out many such encounters with the desire to understand more about the culture.

What aspects of culture are relevant when conducting a health assessment on a foreign-born client admitted for surgery? Select all that apply. whether there are any existing language barriers nutritional or dietary considerations alternative medicine practices reasons for immigrating to the United States age when immigration to the United States occurred

whether there are any existing language barriers nutritional or dietary considerations alternative medicine practices Aspects of culture relevance to a health assessment include communication and language, nutrition, and health care beliefs and practices. The remaining questions relate to the social aspects of a cultural assessment.