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canaliculi

allows direct passage of nutrients between osteocytes

articular cartilage

covers bones at joints, no perichondrium

compact bone

dense bone with more matrix and less space

periosteum outer layer

dense irregular connective tissue with blood vessels and nerves

perichondrium

double layer ct sheath that covers cartilage except at articulations

fetuses bone marrow vs. adults

red vs. yellow

remodeling

removing old bone and adding new bone

flat bone

rib, sternum, skull, scapula, no diaphysis or epiphysis

yellow bone marrow

adipose tissue

short bone

carpal and tarsal

medullary cavity

cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow

appositional cartilage growth

chondroblasts in perichondrium add new cartilage onto outside edge of existing cartilage

interstitional cartilage growth

chondrocytes within the center of the tissue divide and add more matrix in between existing cells

outer surface of compact bone is formed by

circumferential lamellae

organic bone matrix

collagen and proteoglycans

what surrounds central canal

concentric lamellae

chondroblasts derived from

osteochondral progenitor cells

osteoblasts are derived from

osteochondral progenitor cells (MSC)

perpendicular volkmann canals

pass through concentric lamellae and deliver blood to central canals of osteons

woven bone

Collagen fibers randomly oriented, Formed During fetal development During fracture repair, broken down and replaces by lamellar bone

ossification is what type of growth

appositional growth

osteon

basic strucutral unit of compact bone

if mineral is removed in bone

bendable bone

red marrow

blood cell production

outer perichondrium

blood vessels and nerves penetrate

osteoblast

bone forming cell

osteoclasts do what

breakdown bone matrix that help metabolize calcium and phosphate

if collagen is removed in bone

brittle bone

epiphysis

end of long bone, mostly spongy bone

ossification/osteogenesis

formation of new bone by osteoblasts

epiphyseal plate

growth plate, hyaline cartilage, site of bone growth until plate becomes ossified in adults to line

inorganic bone matrix

hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate

osteocytes are located

in lacunae, extensions in canaliculi

osteoclasts

large multinucleated cells with a ruffled border

spongy bone (trabeculae)

less matrix, more space, spaces filled with marrow and blood vessels

osteocyte

mature bone cell surrouned by matrix

lamellar bone

mature bone in sheets called lamellae (osteocytes in between layers)

osteoclasts are derived from

monocytes (HSC)

endosteum

more cellular and single layered. lines internal surfaces of medullary cavity with spongy and compact bone

inner perichondrium

more delicate, fewer fibers, contains chondroblasts

hyaline cartilage

most common type of cartilage, matrix is produced by chondroblasts that convert to chondrocytes

diaphysis

shaft, mostly compact bone

lacunae

spaces where chondrocytes reside

functions of the skeletal system

support, protect, movement, storage, blood cell production

long bone

upper and lower limb

irregular bone

vertebrae, facial


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