World History A - primavera

Which accurately describes the Roman Empire's influence on modern Western governments?

The Romans invented a law code detailing the rights and duties of citizens and defined the legal process.

how did the Roman Empire influence English, Spanish, Italian, and French languages ?

The Romans spoke Latin, which influenced later Romance languages.

Which group of Muslim horsemen conquered much of North Africa and Spain in the mid-eighth century?

Moors

which system guides Jewish society and behaviors , including how people pray and celebrate holidays ?

Mosaic Law

Match the terms to the definition.

feudal system = social/political structure in which nobles swear loyalty to a king ; in turn , lower classes are subordinate to the nobility movable type = printing process using individual characters which are arranged in lines and run through a mechanical press vassal states = regions acquired by alliance or treaty that owe allegiance to a central ruler

match each term to its correct definition .

granary = communal structure built for the storage of grain cuneiform = primary system of writing in which a scribe used a stylus to carve coded marks into wet clay artisan = skilled craftsmen who create and construct products for sale in marketplaces

what was a major contribution of Athenian leader Pericles to government ?

he helped Athens move to a direct democracy in which citizens directly voted on decisions themselves .

which best defines dendrochronology ?

the science of dating a tree through the measurement and study of its growth rings

What was revolutionary about Martin Luther and his beliefs? Select all that apply.

- He translated the Bible into German for more people to read, which was illegal. - His theological stand against the Catholic Church began the Protestant Reformation. - He believed that the Bible was the ultimate authority on Christianity, not the pope.

Which accurately describe the theology of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages? Select all that apply.

- The price of sin was penance, through which sinners repented and atoned for their misdeeds. - Catholics could rise to the kingdom of heaven by faithfully following the seven sacraments.

How did the Renaissance and humanism affect educational opportunities in Europe? Select all that apply.

- The publishing and distribution of books increased during the Renaissance, which made knowledge more widely available. - Libraries sprang up in major population centers during the Renaissance, increasing education opportunities.

In his 95 Theses, which practices did Martin Luther criticize about the Roman Catholic Church? Select all that apply.

- clerics holding multiple offices - the selling of indulgences - unethical money lending

Which identify how the Renaissance contributed to greater education opportunities in European society? Select all that apply.

- establishment of new colleges and universities - increased publishing and distribution of books

Which are characteristics of feudalism? Select all that apply.

- lack of centralized authority - bonds of obedience tying individuals together from tenant, to warrior, to noble - elevated status of a specialized warrior class

What masterpieces were painted by Leonardo da Vinci? Select all that apply.

- last supper - mona lisa

Which were important advancements in navigational technology during the Age of Discovery? Select all that apply.

- magnetic compass - improved maps

What are scientific innovations of the Renaissance? Select all that apply.

- mechanical clock - microscope

What were causes of the French Revolution? Select all that apply.

- poor leadership and extravagant spending by the king - widespread hunger of the Third Estate

What are some of the similarities between the Magna Carta and the United States Constitution? Select all that apply.

- social contract between the government and the governed - separation of church and state - trial by a jury of one's peers

Which nations primarily practiced Islam? Select all that apply.

- the Ottoman Empire - the Abbasid Caliphate - the Umayyad Emirate

Which nations primarily practiced Islam? Select all that apply.

- the Umayyad Emirate - the Abbasid Caliphate - the Ottoman Empire

Which of these were outcomes of the Council of Trent? Select all that apply.

- the Vulgate Bible became the only legitimate biblical source - indulgences were to no longer be sold

Which inventions were developed during the Renaissance? Select all that apply.

- the microscope - the printing press - the telescope

Which options accurately describe why Portugal sought to explore the west coast of Africa in the 15th century? Select all that apply.

- to trade for African slaves - to trade for spices and gold

Which artistic elements of the Renaissance reflected the shift toward humanist thought? Select all that apply.

- use of contrapposto - depiction of the unclothed human body

How did the Renaissance movement affect artistic innovations? Select all that apply.

- Artwork evolved from flat and cartoonish to realistic and detailed, including shadowing and perspective. - Artists studied anatomy to better understand human form and create lifelike paintings.

Which identify similarities between Pilgrims and Puritans? Select all that apply.

- Both groups migrated to the New World to be able to practice their religion freely. - Both were Protestant groups that were persecuted in England for their beliefs.

How did the publication of Martin Luther's 95 Theses affect European understanding of government? Select all that apply.

( i got this one wrong but i think its ) - The printed success of Luther's 95 Theses led to transparency in government because more documents were being circulated. - The Catholic Church countered Luther's proclamation by requiring all clergy to be elected regionally.

Which accurately describes similarities between feudal Europe and Japan? Select all that apply.

(0.5/1) - The warrior class in both Europe and Japan followed strict moral codes.

What is the correct order of the steps used in the scientific method?

(1) pose a question (2) conduct background research (3) formulate a hypothesis (4) test the hypothesis (5) analyze the data and draw a conclusion (6) communicate the results

Which are aspects of both the Magna Carta and the United States Constitution?

- Both protected the rights of citizens. - Both placed limits on government.

What are some reasons that the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain? Select all that apply.

- Great Britain had an abundant amount of natural resources, including coal and iron ore. - Parliament passed Enclosure Acts, displacing many rural peasant farmers and their families.

Which options identify key differences between Catholic and humanist ideologies during the Renaissance? Select all that apply.

- Catholic ideology taught obedience to centralized authority, while humanism supported representative democracy. - Catholic ideology believed in a Church-controlled education, while humanists believed in private education.

Which accurately describe ideological differences between Catholicism and humanism during the Renaissance? Select all that apply.

- Catholicism considered the Church the foremost authority on nature, whereas humanism recognized science as a way to understand nature. - Catholicism promoted a central government, whereas humanism promoted a representative democracy.

How did the end of the French and Indian War lead to discontent among Britain's 13 colonies?

Britain imposed taxes on the colonists to pay for the cost of the war.

Which options accurately describe key events of Peter the Great's reign? Select all that apply.

- He abolished Russia's existing government, waged war with Sweden, and westernized Russia's culture. - He successfully created a new Russian Senate and created the Table of Ranks to classify military members.

Which most accurately describe the impact of the Crusades on the Jewish community? Select all that apply.

- During the Third Crusade, England entered the Crusades and massacred hundreds of Jews in Britain. - During the First Crusade, a Christian group passed through the Rhineland and massacred Jews. - During the Second Crusade, French and German kings massacred Jews in France.

Which identify Protestant arguments that challenge the sanctity and infallibility of the Catholic papacy? Select all that apply.

- During the Western Schism, two feuding popes ruled at the same time. - The principle of a papacy controlling the Church does not appear in the Bible.

How did the Crusades affect Jewish societies? Select all that apply.

- England entered the Crusades during the Third Crusade, and crusaders massacred hundreds of Jews in Britain. - Crusaders massacred Jews in France when Pope Eugenius III called for the Second Crusade, led by French and German kings. - Christian groups passing through the Rhineland massacred hundreds (perhaps thousands) of Jews on their way to Jerusalem.

Which options identify effects of the Columbian Exchange? Select all that apply.

- Enslaved Africans died on voyages from Africa to the Americas. - American Indian populations were decimated by European diseases.

Which factors contributed to the success of Latin American independence movements? Select all that apply.

- The leadership of Simón Bolívar guided the revolutions. - Rough terrain made it difficult for Spain to govern its colonies.

What were the consequences of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain? Select all that apply.

- Entrepreneurs found new ways to start a business in a laissez-faire market economy. - Britain became the leader in the iron industry, producing more iron than the rest of world.

Why did Europeans sail across the Atlantic Ocean during the Age of Discovery? Select all that apply.

- European explorers tried to find oceanic routes to Asia to trade for spices. - European explorers wanted to gain wealth and notoriety.

What were the consequences of urbanization during the early stages of the Industrial Revolution? Select all that apply.

- Garbage filled the streets due to a lack of sanitation services. - Workers with families were forced to live in crowded tenements.

What were prevailing styles of Gothic architecture? Select all that apply.

- Gothic architecture used flying buttresses to support outer walls. - Gothic architecture included buildings decorated with statues of saints and gargoyles.

Which most accurately describe the involvement of the Catholic Church in the Crusades? Select all that apply.

- After 100 years of fighting over Jerusalem, the Catholic Church also waged war in Europe against Christians who did not follow Catholicism. - The Knights Templar were an order of crusaders approved by the pope and ordered to protect Christian pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land.

Which best describes the purpose and outcomes of the First Crusade?

Pope Urban II called for crusaders to protect pilgrims and defend the Holy Land, resulting in Europeans recapturing Jerusalem.

Which accurately describe the involvement of the Catholic Church in the Crusades? Select all that apply.

- In 1208, the Church declared the Albigensian Crusade that took place entirely within France against Christian opponents. - In AD 1095, Pope Urban II called the Roman Catholic Church to wage war against Muslims over the possession of Jerusalem. - In the 12th century, the pope called for the Baltic Crusades, sending the Teutonic Knights from Germany to slaughter heretics and pagans in present-day Latvia, Estonia, and Finland.

How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of Discovery? Select all that apply.

- It contributed to technological advancements that helped in navigation. - it inspired a sense of curiosity in the larger world.

What governmental practices led to the writing of the English Bill of Rights? Select all that apply.

- James II had created laws restricting the right of Protestants to bear arms. - The Crown had tortured the accused to receive confessions for crimes. - James II created a standing army that killed hundreds of Protestants.

Which groups did Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain target and persecute during the Spanish Inquisition? Select all that apply.

- Jews - Muslims - Protestants

What were the outcomes of King Henry VIII breaking away from Rome and forming the Church of England? Select all that apply.

- King Henry VIII selected the bishops and received the tax revenues from the churches. - King Henry VIII ordered that Catholic monasteries be seized and their lands sold or given to supportive nobles. - King Henry VIII became both the monarch of England and the head of the church.

Which accurately describe events leading to the Scientific Revolution? Select all that apply.

- Knowledge gained from exploring new lands inspired the Scientific Revolution. - Greek rationalism (use of logic and reason) inspired the Scientific Revolution.

Which accurately describe Kublai Khan's role in encouraging cross-cultural exchange? Select all that apply.

- Kublai Khan promoted religious tolerance and exchanges between Christians, Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus. - Kublai Khan regulated trade along the Silk Road and was instrumental in promoting Chinese silk and spices to the West.

Which describe major achievements of Ferdinand Magellan's exploration efforts? Select all that apply.

- Magellan proved the earth was round and could be sailed. - Magellan proved the earth was much larger than expected.

What accurately describes major events of Ferdinand Magellan's exploration efforts? Select all that apply.

- Magellan's slave Enrique is more accurately described as the first man to circumnavigate the world. - Magellan died in the Philippines and did not complete his journey around the globe. - Magellan is credited with naming the Pacific Ocean Mar Pacifico, meaning "peaceful sea."

What resulted from European explorers discovering new lands during the Age of Discovery?

- Many of the indigenous peoples of newly discovered lands were killed. - New foods and resources were brought back to European markets.

Which geographic locations did the Arab Empire control up to the year AD 750? Select all that apply.

- North Africa - present-day Spain - Middle East

Read the sentence. Because King James II had abused his power, the English Bill of Rights sought to increase the power of _[blank]_. Which terms correctly complete the sentence?

- Parliament - citizens

Which options best describe changes in social values caused by the Renaissance? Select all that apply.

- Peasants were no longer tied to a given social status based on birthright. - Peasants were able to invent new devices and reap the financial bounty of their discoveries.

How did the Scientific Revolution impact people's views about absolute monarchies and government? Select all that apply.

- People questioned the characteristics a ruler should have. - People questioned the rule by divine right of European monarchs.

Which reasons accurately reflect why Protestants left England for the New World? Select all that apply.

- Pilgrims landed and settled in Massachusetts Bay to practice their religion without persecution. - Puritans settled in Massachusetts and parts of New England in search of religious liberties.

Which were ancient Chinese advancements in weaponry and warfare? Select all that apply.

- The Chinese invented the crossbow. - The Chinese invented gunpowder.

What effects did the Crusades have on European markets? Select all that apply.

- The Crusades increased trade between Europe and the Middle East. - The Crusades created an increase in the demand for Near East spices.

What were the history and purpose of the Dutch East India Company? Select all that apply.

- The Dutch East India Company received a charter from the Netherlands government and used close to 5,000 ships to acquire Asian goods and transport them to European markets. - The Dutch East India Company received a charter in 1602, sent close to one million Europeans to work in Asia, coined its own money, and established its own colonies.

Which accurately compares the theology that dominated during the Middle Ages with the philosophy that came to prominence during the Renaissance? Select all that apply.

- The Middle Ages followed Roman Catholic traditions, whereas the Renaissance was inspired by the revival of Greek and Roman teachings. - The Middle Ages followed feudalist ideals with a structured hierarchical society, whereas the Renaissance shifted to humanist ideals.

Which accurately describes Portuguese motivations for exploring along the west coast of Africa? Select all that apply.

- The Portuguese sought labor power by capturing and trading for slaves. - The Portuguese sought to increase gold reserves and resume minting gold coins.

How did the Silk Road impact relationships between Europe and China? Select all that apply

- The Silk Road was a primary trade route of Chinese silk and spices between Europe and Asia. - The journeys of Marco Polo along the Silk Road helped promote cultural exchanges.

Which most accurately describes a major impact of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe during the Middle Ages?

Pope Urban II issued a call known as the Crusades throughout Europe for Christian warriors to defend the Holy Land.

How did trade contribute to changes in political interactions among European nations?

A desire for colonies brought European nations into increased competition with one another.

Which accurately describes the origin of the Islam religion?

A man named Muhammad experienced visions from Archangel Gabriel to create Islam.

Which identifies a key stance taken by Luther that was in opposition to the Catholic Church?

A relationship with God does not require facilitation by the clergy.

Which nation was the first to begin exploring the coast of Africa?

Portugal

Why did the Proclamation of 1763 lead to colonial dissatisfaction?

Colonists were prevented from settling territory taken from the French during the French and Indian War.

Which belief system began in China and established a governmental model, defined leadership principles, and promoted scholarship?

Confucianism

Which most accurately describes a Chinese concept that influenced later civilizations?

Confucianism influenced the political theories of Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, and other Founding Fathers.

Why did the English Bill of Rights include a provision that Roman Catholics could not be crowned?

Previous Catholic monarchs had persecuted English Protestants.

Which accurately describes the role of mercantilism in the role of trade for European countries during the 16th century?

European nations aimed to maximize the sale of exports while minimizing the purchase of imports.

Which accurately describes why European nations were so eager to fund expeditions to the New World?

European nations funded expeditions to the New World to gain lands, natural resources, and eventually income.

Which accurately describes Bartolomeu Dias's impact on future European explorers?

Europeans realized they could establish their own trade route to India by sea travel.

Which option most accurately describes the theology of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?

Excommunication was a possible punishment for anyone who disagreed with Church doctrine.

Which best describes the reason for increased European sailing voyages during the Age of Discovery?

Explorers were seeking to find new routes to the spice markets of Asia.

Which explorer was credited as the first to circumnavigate the globe?

Ferdinand Magellan

How did Pennsylvania's tolerance of different sects lead to the colony's prosperity?

Religious tolerance led to an increase in immigration and plentiful labor.

What was a prevailing characteristic of Renaissance architecture?

Renaissance architecture followed classical Greco-Roman design.

Which best describes René Descartes's contribution to the scientific method?

René Descartes was influential in the development of the scientific method, in which he relied on mathematics and logic rather than ancient teachings.

Which ruler of the Arab Empire recaptured Jerusalem during the Crusades and negotiated a treaty with King Richard Lionheart of England?

Saladin

What popular land route connected Europe with Asia through trade?

Silk Road

Which accurately describes 19th-century revolutions in Latin America?

Simón Bolívar mounted a revolution against Spain, gaining freedom for Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia.

Which accurately describes events of the Haitian Slave Revolt on the island of Hispaniola (formerly Saint-Domingue)?

Slaves revolted against France and its leader, Napoleon Bonaparte, to win their independence in 1804.

Which best describes the religious differences between the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire?

The Western Roman Empire followed the Roman Catholic Church, while the Eastern Roman Empire followed the Orthodox Christian Church.

What is the significance of the Bill of Rights?

The amendments constitute the government's recognition of naturally occurring rights and liberties.

Which option accurately describes Greek and Roman ideas that were revived during the Renaissance by humanist philosophers?

The art of public speaking and debate, known as rhetoric, was revived during the Renaissance.

Which is an accurate statement concerning the bubonic plague?

The bubonic plague is believed to have started in Asia and migrated to Europe via diseased fleas carried by rats aboard trading vessels.

Which best describes the origins of the bubonic plague and its effects on Europe?

The bubonic plaque started in China and spread to India, Persia, and North Africa, then reached Italy and the rest of Europe, and eventually killed 60 percent of Europe's population.

Which most accurately describes the beginnings of the Islam religion?

According to legend, Muhammad was commanded by the archangel Gabriel to create Islam.

Read the summary. Constantine was the first Roman emperor to embrace Christianity (1), and he issued an edict that protected Christians (2). This officially ended the persecution of Christians and granted them the freedom to worship (3). But the edict failed and Christians were persecuted until Catholic leaders met at the Council of Trent (4). Which critiques the factual accuracy of the summary?

While parts (1), (2), and (3) are accurate, part (4) needs revision.

Which accurately describes the accomplishments of Admiral Zheng He during Asia's Age of Discovery?

Admiral Zheng He navigated the Indian Ocean a total of seven times and helped to strengthen Chinese trade routes in the region.

Which artist is credited with bringing the message of Greco-Roman revival to Germany?

Albrecht Dürer

In 332 BC, which military leader defeated the Persians and annexed Egypt to be part of his Macedonian Greek empire?

Alexander the Great

Which Macedonian military leader conquered the Persian Empire and inspired the establishment of the Ptolemaic Dynasty in Egypt, influencing the spread of Greek culture into Africa?

Alexander the Great

Which best describes the beginning of the American Revolutionary War?

American colonists fought the British at the Battles of Lexington and Concord.

Which most accurately describes how ancient Greece influenced governments of later civilizations?

Ancient Greece used a form of democracy later adopted by nations like the United States of America.

Which empire waged war with the Byzantine Empire and required inhabitants to convert to Islam?

Arab Empire

What is another name for the first 10 amendments of the United States Constitution?

Bill of Rights

What best describes Simon Bolivar's revolutionary efforts in Venezuela?

Bolivar was able to free Venezuela from Spanish rule and abolish slavery.

What best describes Simón Bolívar's revolutionary efforts in Venezuela?

Bolívar was able to free Venezuela from Spanish rule and abolish slavery.

What empire did the Ottoman Empire defeat that enabled them to control trade routes in the Mediterranean?

Byzantine Empire

what did the eastern half of the Roman Empire become after the fall of the western half ?

Byzantine Empire

Which location did Bartolomeu Dias find and at first call the Cape of Storms?

Cape of Good Hope

Which option accurately distinguishes beliefs and practices of Catholics from those of Protestant Reformers?

Catholics believed the pope was a messenger of God, whereas Protestants did not recognize papal authority.

Which identifies the main cause of the English Civil War?

Charles ruled as a tyrant and angered Puritans.

What best describes the outcome of the Spanish Inquisition?

Christian armies defeated Muslims and took control of Spain.

Which best describes how the Age of Discovery affected religious practices of indigenous peoples in the New World?

Christian missionaries set out to convert the indigenous inhabitants of newly discovered lands.

Which option explains one reason why Europeans sought to convert indigenous people to Christianity?

Christian subjects would be easier to control, thus allowing trade to flourish.

What Italian explorer, who actually sailed for Spain, is commonly credited with discovering the Americas?

Christopher Columbus

Which accurately describes the role of British corporations in the New World and their effect on colonists' opinions of England's monarchy?

Colonists were forced to purchase their goods only from British corporations, adding to colonial animosity toward England.

Which city did Ottoman Turks overthrow and rename Istanbul?

Constantinople

Which best describes the capital city of the Byzantine Empire?

Constantinople, a major center of culture and commerce, was the capital city of the Byzantine Empire.

Which accurately describes life events of explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado?

Coronado led expeditions through the American Southwest and discovered the Grand Canyon.

Which option most accurately describes Oliver Cromwell's rule of England?

Cromwell declared England a Puritan nation and took military action against Irish Catholics.

Who served as chief editor of the Encyclopédie (Encyclopedia), one of the principal works of the Age of Enlightenment?

Denis Diderot

Who was a dominant force in the humanist movement and took issue with much of the Catholic Church's doctrine that had no scriptural basis?

Desiderius Erasmus

What act of Emperor Diocletian's reign significantly influenced the fall of the Roman Empire?

Diocletian divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western empires.

Which represents the most devastating effect of European contact with people of the Americas?

Diseases destroyed native populations.

Which most accurately describes life events of explorer Sir Francis Drake?

Drake worked illegally as a slave trader, selling African slaves in New Spain.

Which accurately describes historical events of the Han Dynasty?

During the Han Dynasty, trade prospered across Asia, Europe, and Africa because of the Silk Road.

Which accurately describes the Middle Passage of the triangular trade?

During the Middle Passage, European nations transported slaves from West Africa to the Americas in exchange for goods and resources.

Which most accurately describes the Qin dynasty's lasting impact on Asia?

During the Qin Dynasty, China earned its name and Emperor Qin Shi Huang began construction on the Great Wall.

Which American inventor revolutionized the production of cotton with his invention of the cotton gin?

Eli Whitney

Who was the Mexican revolutionary leader who led peasant farmers against the government?

Emiliano Zapata

Match the terms to their definitions.

Emiliano Zapata = a leader in the mexican revolution who led the peasant farmers against the mexican government under Francisco Madero and later Victoriano Carranza Francisco (Pancho) Villa = a mexican revolutionary leader who aided Francisco Madero's revolt against mexican president Porfirio Diaz and later may have led a raid in Columbus, New Mexico Francisco Madero = a political reformer ho challenged and successfully removed Dictator Porfirio Diaz from office and assumed the role of Mexico's president in 1911 until his assassination two years later.

Which most accurately reflects occurrences during the Qin dynasty?

Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified China, began building the Great Wall of China, and left behind a grave filled with thousands of life-size terracotta warriors.

Which best describes the role of mercantilism during the 1600s?

European countries wanted to expand their wealth by exporting raw materials from colonies.

Which accurately describes how the transmission of disease impacted the indigenous people of North and South America?

European explorers transmitted smallpox, decimating the native people of North and South America.

Which correctly matches the European nation with the territory it colonized in the Americas?

France - Canada

What happened after the Haitian Revolution?

France received reparations for loss of property.

Which best describes Francis Bacon's contribution to the Scientific Revolution?

Francis Bacon paved the way for the Scientific Method by urging scientists to perform experiments to draw conclusions instead of relying on abstract theories.

Which identifies the political reformer whose challenge of Mexican President Porfirio Díaz began the Mexican Revolution?

Francisco Madero

What event created an opportunity for slaves in Haiti to revolt?

French Revolution

Which identifies the event that overthrew the monarchy of France in 1789?

French Revolution

Which accurately describes causes and effects of the French Revolution?

French citizens revolted against their monarchy, causing one of the most violent uprisings in history.

Which accurately describes discoveries of Galileo Galilei?

Galileo used a telescope to discover moons orbiting Jupiter and craters on the moon.

Which best describes the ideas of government found in the Declaration of Independence?

Governments are created by people, and they derive their powers from the consent of those being governed.

Which best describes ancient Greece's influence on modern government?

Greeks implemented a direct democracy in Athens, in which citizens voted on policies.

Which accurately describes an impact of scientific innovation during the Renaissance?

Gutenberg's printing press enabled the flow of knowledge and literacy throughout Europe.

Which option accurately describes the impact of a scientific innovation during the Renaissance?

Gutenberg's printing press greatly improved the flow of information and led to a rise in literacy.

Why was the Dutch East India Company called a multinational corporation?

It was a Dutch company but operated its business in Indonesia.

Which option most accurately describes life events of Martin Luther?

He authored the 95 Theses, questioning the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church, which led to the Protestant Reformation.

Which correctly identifies an important characteristic of Simón Bolívar?

He encouraged revolutions against Spanish imperialism in South America.

Which best describes accomplishments of Ferdinand Magellan?

He sailed around South America before sailing across the Pacific Ocean to the Philippines.

Which most accurately describes some accomplishments of Vasco da Gama's exploration efforts?

He successfully sailed from Lisbon, Portugal, around Africa to reach India.

What were the occupation and beliefs of Petrarch?

He was an Italian scholar and humanist who opposed hereditary monarchies in favor of a philosopher-king.

Who was the English king who turned England into a Protestant nation by breaking from the Catholic Church and founding the Church of England?

Henry VIII

Which accurately describes life events of explorer Hernando de Soto?

Hernando de Soto helped conquer the Inca Empire in Peru before exploring the Mississippi River.

Which accurately describes life events of explorer Hernán Cortés?

Hernán Cortés became supreme ruler of New Spain.

Which religion established a rigid caste system, but it was formally abolished in the mid-20th century?

Hinduism

Which most accurately describes Hinduism's impact on Indian society and culture?

Hinduism established a rigid caste system, but it was formally abolished in the mid-20th century.

India is the birthplace of which set of religions?

Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism

Which best describes Alexander the Great's expansion of the Macedonian-Greek Empire?

His empire expanded from Greece all the way to India, an area of over 5 million square miles.

Which option most accurately describes the purpose of the Council of Trent?

It was a meeting called by Pope Paul III to address Reformation issues such as the selling of indulgences, clerical corruption, and other abuses.

What sparked the beginning of the Thirty Years' War?

Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II issued a decree that everyone in Bohemia must be Catholic, and his officials began closing down Protestant churches.

Which option represents a positive impact of European interaction on Native American peoples?

Horses allowed for improved hunting and travel for Native Americans.

Which option most accurately describes the settlements of Protestant French Huguenots in the New World?

Huguenot settlements in present-day Caribbean, Florida, and South Carolina were destroyed by the Spanish, until they finally settled in present-day Quebec and Newfoundland.

Who was a Swiss theologian and humanist philosopher that rejected the principle of transubstantiation and believed in the supreme authority of the Bible rather than the clergy?

Huldrych Zwingli

Which accurately describes the origins and principles of the humanist philosophy?

Humanism originated in Italy and spread through Europe, promoting lost Greco-Roman ideals.

How did the humanism of the Renaissance compare with traditional Church teachings?

Humanism's focus on individual free thinking clashed with the Church's teaching of obedience to Church doctrine.

Which option best describes a difference between the ideas of humanists and those of the Catholic Church during the Renaissance?

Humanists believed in a revival of Greek and Roman educational practices for the masses, whereas the Catholic Church kept education exclusive for monks.

Which Chinese religious text, whose title translates to The Book of Changes, influenced Hinduism in India?

I Ching

Which best describes the Dutch East India Company?

It was a multinational corporation used to boost trade with Asian territories.

What was the purpose of the Dutch East India Company?

It was a multinational corporation used to establish colonies and trade in foreign territories.

What was the significance of Martin Luther's 95 Theses document?

In it, Martin Luther criticized the Catholic Church for the sale of indulgences, unethical money lending, and papal corruption, leading to the Protestant Reformation.

What was the purpose of the sextant during the Age of Discovery?

It was a navigational tool used to determine longitude and latitude by calculating the angle between the horizon and a celestial body such as the moon, sun, or a star.

How did an astrolabe serve European explorers during the Age of Discovery?

It was a navigational tool used to determine time of day and geographical location by the position of the stars.

Why is India considered the birthplace of religion?

India is home to Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism belief systems.

Which best describes religious movements of ancient India?

India is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

Which option identifies the Catholic court that attempted to suppress anti-Catholic ideas by banning some books?

Inquisition

What was the capital city of the Ottoman Empire?

Istanbul

Which accurately describes the purpose of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?

It proclaims the rights of all men, including the rights of liberty, property, and security.

What was the significance of Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty, or give me death" speech?

It raised support for rebellion in the colonies.

Which best describes the origins and spread of the bubonic plague in the 14th century?

It started in the Mongol Empire and spread via trade routes to all corners of Asia and the Middle East.

Which accurately defines Petrarch?

Italian scholar and poet who was one of the earliest Renaissance humanists

Which English inventor revolutionized the textile industry with his invention known as the "spinning jenny"?

James Hargraves

Which English inventor revolutionized the textile industry with the "spinning jenny"?

James Hargreaves

Which accurately describes a similarity between medieval Japanese culture and medieval European culture?

Japanese samurai and European knights shared similar codes of ethical conduct.

Which city is considered sacred by Jews, Christians, and Muslims and continues to be claimed by the world's three major monotheistic religions?

Jerusalem

Who invented the first movable-type printing press in Europe?

Johannes Gutenberg

Which identifies the French Protestant theologian who taught the principle of predestination in salvation?

John Calvin

Which most accurately describes expeditions and colonization efforts of explorer John Smith?

John Smith led the colony of Jamestown and explored the Chesapeake Bay.

Which accurately describes life events of explorer John Smith?

John Smith managed relationships with native Powhatan tribes in Jamestown.

Which 14th-century theologian and reformer spoke out against the principle of transubstantiation?

John Wycliffe

which religion is considered the oldest monotheistic religion ?

Judaism

match the terms to the definition .

Judaism = a monotheistic religion practiced by people of the Jewish faith monotheistic = relating to the religious theory involving the existence of only one god polytheistic = worshipping more than one god or goddess Torah = first five books of the Old Testament that define basics of Jewish faith; meaning "law"

Which accurately describes a scientific discovery of Johannes Kepler?

Kepler discovered that planetary orbits were elliptical rather than circular.

What was King Henry VIII's outward motivation for breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church and instituting the Church of England?

King Henry VIII wanted a marriage annulment, which the pope denied, and subsequently decided to form the Church of England.

Which most accurately describes how the Tang Dynasty influenced neighboring civilizations?

Korea admired the Tang Dynasty's government and adopted a merit-based bureaucracy.

Which person was emperor of the Yuan Dynasty who welcomed the Italian traveler Marco Polo to his court?

Kublai Khan

Which most accurately describes Kublai Khan's role in trade between the Mongol Empire and European markets?

Kublai Khan regulated trade along the Silk Road, offering protection to merchants, and was instrumental in promoting Chinese silk to the West.

Which most accurately describes events during Kublai Khan's rule of the Mongol Empire (Yuan Dynasty)?

Kublai Khan welcomed Marco Polo from Italy, which increased trade between the East and West.

How did geography contribute to European nations' desire to expand and colonize during the Age of Discovery?

Ottoman Muslim control of Constantinople prevented Europeans from trading with parts of Asia and Africa.

Which Renaissance artist painted the Mona Lisa and Last Supper?

Leonardo da Vinci

What were the first battles of the American Revolution?

Lexington and Concord

Which ruler of France was known as the Sun King, led the golden age of art and literature, and presided over the court of Versailles?

Louis XIV

Who wrote the famous political work The Prince?

Machiavelli

What were the outcomes of Francisco Madera challenging Porfirio Diaz for the Mexican presidency?

Madero gained support of rebel leaders Pancho Villa, Pascual Orozco, and Emiliano Zapata to overthrow Diaz, resulting in the Mexican Revolution.

Which accurately describes origins and outcomes of Latin America's fight for independence during the 19th century?

Many parts of Latin America were fed up with the dictatorial rule of the Spanish Crown and consequently fought for and won independence.

Who was Martin Luther and what was his significance in the western world during the 16th century?

Martin Luther was an Augustinian monk who became a prominent figure during the Protestant Reformation by writing the 95 Theses which described the abuses of the Catholic Church.

Which best describes a cause of the schism between the Roman Catholic and Protestant branches of Christianity?

Martin Luther's 95 Theses criticized the practices of the Roman Catholic Church, including the selling of indulgences, in a public forum.

Who argued for women's equality during the Enlightenment period, including equal rights in education?

Mary Wollstonecraft

Who was the radical leader of the French Revolution, in a position of power in the National Convention and the Committee of Public Safety, responsible for mass killings during the Reign of Terror?

Maximilien Robespierre

What were the early effects of the Industrial Revolution on the working class?

Members of the working class were forced into unhealthy and dangerous living conditions.

Which option most accurately describes an artistic creation and innovation during the Renaissance?

Michelangelo completed carving a statue of David that displays accurate anatomy and human form.

Which best describes the purpose and outcome of the Third Crusade?

Muslim leader Saladin lost territory, but a treaty with British King Richard I the Lionheart allowed Muslims to keep control of Jerusalem.

Which accurately describes the Arab Empire's impact on the Scientific Revolution?

Muslim scholars preserved discoveries and philosophies of the ancient Greeks and Romans.

Which most accurately describes why the Portuguese wanted to sail around Africa to reach India?

Muslims controlled trade routes along the Mediterranean, requiring a new route to acquire spices.

Who led a successful coup d'etat of the Directory and seized control of France's government?

Napoleon Bonaparte

Which accurately describes Newton's Laws?

Newton defined three laws of motion that govern planetary bodies and objects on Earth.

Which accurately describes a scientific discovery of Isaac Newton?

Newton discovered the three laws of motion.

Which accurately describes one of Sir Isaac Newton's advancements in astronomy?

Newton invented the reflecting telescope, which greatly improved the telescope's functionality.

Which accurately describes the origins of Buddhism?

Northern India is the birthplace of Buddhism, started by a man named Siddhartha Gautama.

How were the cultural customs of Oceania passed down from generation to generation?

Oceania cultures used an oral tradition for passing on information.

Which leader declared England a Puritan nation and took military action against Irish Catholics?

Oliver Cromwell

Which empire overthrew the Byzantine Empire and effectively changed the region's religion to Islam?

Ottoman Empire

Which most accurately demonstrates the development of civilization and culture in the Neolithic era?

People developed cuneiform, which marked the end of the prehistory age.

Which ruler in the late 17th century is best known for spearheading extensive reforms of Russia, including the creation of a centralized government and navy?

Peter the Great

Which accurately describes life events of explorer Francisco Pizarro?

Pizarro led expeditions to Peru in South America and conquered the Incan Empire.

Which religious movement prompted people to challenge medieval practices of the Catholic Church and inspired the Scientific Revolution?

Protestant Reformation

Which most accurately describes events in the life of explorer Sir Walter Raleigh?

Raleigh led major expeditions to America, including the ill-fated Roanoke Colony.

Read the sentences. From 1793 to 1794, the Committee of Public Safety took control of France's government and used the guillotine to execute suspected enemies of the French Revolution. This time period is known as the _[blank]_. Which option most accurately completes the sentence?

Reign of Terror

Match each term with its correct definition.

Semitic = pertaining to peoples who speak the related languages of Aramaic, Hebrew, and Arabic sheikh = the patriarch or leader of an Arab tribe theocracy = a government based on a religion; divine inspiration claimed by authority figures

Where did Admiral Zheng He explore and establish trade routes?

Southeast Asia along the Indian Ocean

Which geographic locations did the Arab Empire control through the year AD 750?

Spain (Iberia), North Africa, and the Near East

Which explains why the Latin American independence movements were allowed to grow unchecked?

Spain was preoccupied with fighting Napoleon in Europe.

Which option best describes events of the Spanish Inquisition?

Spanish inquisitors executed Protestants, Muslims, and Jews.

Match each term to its correct definition.

Sunni = largest sect or branch of Islam jihad = holy war waged on behalf of Islam vizier = high-ranking advisor in Muslim countries, especially in former Ottoman Empire

What is an effect of the Crusades on Sunni and Shiite Muslim factions?

Sunni and Shiite factions ceased their quarreling and united against Christian Crusaders.

Which most accurately describes how the Agricultural Revolution impacted the evolution of human society?

The Agricultural Revolution led to the development of cities, better tools, and governments.

Which most accurately describes the Arab Empire's impact on religious practices?

The Arab Empire spread Islam across the Middle East and North Africa.

Which accurately describes the religion of the Byzantine Empire?

The Byzantine Empire belonged to the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Which accurately describes a major architectural achievement of the Byzantine Empire?

The Byzantine Empire constructed the Hagia Sophia, the world's largest church of the time.

Which accurately describes religion's influence on the feudal system in Europe?

The Catholic Church's hierarchical structure inspired the organizational structure of the feudal society.

Which accurately describes the influence of the Celts on the Roman Empire?

The Celts invented chain mail, and the Romans adopted this technology.

Which most accurately describes how Chinese cultural advancements influenced later civilizations?

The Chinese invented ink and paper by the ninth century, which promoted literacy.

Which most accurately describes how Chinese cultural advancements influenced later civilizations?

The Chinese invented the movable-type press, which helped promote literacy.

Which best describes Christianity's influence on the feudal system in Europe?

The Christian church's hierarchical structure inspired the organizational structure of the feudal society.

Which accurately describes the Columbian Exchange during the Age of Discovery?

The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

What was an outcome of the Council of Trent?

The Council of Trent condemned the selling of indulgences.

Which accurately describes the purpose and history of the Dutch East India Company?

The Dutch East India Company was granted a monopoly of the spice trade by the Dutch government and subsequently owned its own military and colonies in the Pacific.

Which accurately describes the East India Company and its purpose?

The East India Company was chartered by royal decree, and its purpose was to promote trade with India and China and force the natives to learn English.

What was an outcome of the Glorious Revolution?

The English Bill of Rights was established.

Which identifies a main cause for the schism between the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England?

The English king wanted to end his marriage, but the pope would not annul the union.

Which accurately describes how the Enlightenment influenced social change?

The Enlightenment influenced philosophes to spread ideas concerning political, social, and legal reforms.

What was the reasoning and result of the Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre?

Under Pope Gregory XIII order, Catholics slaughtered thousands of French Huguenots who were considered heretics.

Which event is known as the start of the French Revolution when rioters stormed the Bastille fortress to steal weapons?

The Great Fear

Which option accurately compares the ideology that influenced Europe during the Middle Ages with the growing ideology of the Renaissance?

The Middle Ages was dominated by Catholic thought, whereas the Renaissance was inspired by humanism.

Which accurately describes the role of the Moors within the Arab Empire?

The Moors conquered Spain from the Visigoths, effectively expanding the Arab Empire.

Which best describes how the fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks affected Europe?

The Ottoman Empire now stood as gatekeeper of east-west trading routes, affecting Europe's economy.

Which accurately describes military conquests of the Ottoman Empire?

The Ottoman Empire seized control of Constantinople and defeated the Byzantine Empire.

How did the conclusion of the Crusades and weakening of the Holy Roman Empire in the 13th century affect the Ottoman Empire?

The Ottoman Empire was able to conquer northern Africa, including all of Egypt, most of the Middle East, and eventually Constantinople, renaming it Istanbul.

Which accurately describes how Portuguese exploration efforts affected native African civilizations?

The Portuguese traded or kidnapped Africans, eventually starting the transatlantic slave trade.

Which best describes a consequence of Emperor Theodosius updating the Roman law code in AD 438?

The Roman law code was translated from Latin to Greek.

Which accurately describes aspects of the Trans-Saharan Trade in the 1400s between Europe and Africa?

The Trans-Saharan trade included slaves as a primary commodity, with slavery being permitted by Islamic practice.

What advancements were made by the Islamic governments of the Umayyad Empire?

The Umayyad's fostered achievements by establishing libraries and universities.

Which accurately describes the purpose and history of the Virginia Company?

The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company that received a royal charter from King James I, allowing for the settlement of the Virginia Colony at Jamestown.

Which accurately describes the purpose and history of the Virginia Company?

The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company that received an English royal charter, allowing for the settlement of the Virginia Colony.

How did the operations of the Virginia Company bring success to England?

The company attracted settlers to the New World to establish prosperous colonies.

What best describes tactics used by the Arab Empire when it captured a region?

The conquerors forced the populace to convert to Islam.

Match each term to its correct definition.

feudalism = medieval political hierarchical system with a king at the top level, then his vassals and serfs on the lowest level mandate = the permission or approval needed to act meritocracy = organization or system in which leadership is based on intelligence and ability

Which accurately describes the Arab Empire's government practices?

The government of the Arab Empire was a theocracy based on the religion of Islam.

How did the establishment of the Church of England change government?

The head of state and the head of the church were the same person.

Which option describes a scientific innovation during the Renaissance?

The heliocentric theory that proposed a sun-centered universe was established.

How did the Catholic Church affect medieval politics?

The hierarchical structure of the Catholic Church inspired a feudal society.

How did the Scientific Revolution affect politics in Europe?

The idea of divine right to rule was questioned.

Which accurately describes a scientific innovation of the Renaissance and its impact?

The mariner's compass aided navigation and eventual discovery of the Americas.

Which helped the Jamestown colony continue?

The production of tobacco as a cash crop led to the successful support of the colony.

Which best describes Karl Marx's viewpoint on capitalism and the emergence of communism?

The proletariat will overthrow the bourgeoisie due to inequalities, resulting in a classless society.

How did the Protestant Reformation contribute to migration to the New World?

The religious disunity in Europe caused wars and persecution, which Protestant groups attempted to escape through migration.

Which best describes the impact that the Haitian Slave Revolt had on European countries?

The resulting Haitian Revolution signaled the beginning of the end of the European slave trade.

Which identifies an important discovery made during the Renaissance with the use of the newly invented telescope?

The sun is at the center of the solar system.

Which accurately describes aspects of the trans-Saharan trade between Europe and Africa?

The trans-Saharan trade included the trade of both gold and slaves along the Sahara Desert of Africa.

Which accurately describes the triangular trade?

The triangular trade consisted of ships traveling from England to Africa, then to North America, and back to Western Europe to trade goods, spices, and slaves.

What was a primary cause and result of the Mexican Revolution?

The widespread corruption in the government led to a new constitution.

What was the purpose of the Knights Templar during the Crusades?

Their mission was to protect Christian pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land.

What did Eastern and Western societies have in common during the Age of Discovery?

They both have a storied and colorful history of the dramatic arts.

How did the ancient Greek and Roman focus on education, individualism, and a search for truth impact Renaissance educators?

They focused on the study of rhetoric.

Which best evaluates how humanist ideas introduced by the Renaissance changed European society?

They undermined the rigid social structure that gave privilege to aristocrats by encouraging a spirit of social mobility.

Why did Europeans seek a direct route to trade with Asia?

They wanted to bypass their Muslim rivals in the Middle East.

In what way were Jamestown and Plymouth colonies similar?

They were both established by joint-stock companies.

Which accurately describes the impact of the Roman Catholic Church on Europe during the Middle Ages?

Under the rule of Charlemagne, the Catholic faith became the dominant religion in Europe.

Which accurately describes the actions of Hernán Cortés during the Age of Discovery?

Upon arriving in the Americas, Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire and gained control of Central Mexico.

Read the summary. In Europe, warriors of the feudalist society were referred to as knights (1). In Japan, they were known as ninjas (2). Knights were bound by a moral code known as chivalry (3), whereas ninjas followed the moral code of bushido (4). Which critiques the factual accuracy of the summary?

While parts (1) and (3) are accurate, parts (2) and (4) need revision.

Which accurately describes the significance of explorer Amerigo Vespucci during the Age of Discovery?

Vespucci led expeditions to the New World, and the Americas are named after him.

Which most accurately describes events leading to the fall of the Roman Empire?

Visigoths sacked Rome after Emperor Constantine moved the Roman capital to Constantinople.

Read the summary. During the Renaissance, humanism placed a great emphasis on learning and self-improvement (1). The Catholic Church helped spearhead humanism and encouraged new ideas regarding self-improvement and worship (2). Access to knowledge through books, due to the Gutenberg printing press, encouraged the spread of literacy and provided information to a population hungry for information (3). Yet, libraries did not exist until the 19th century, which slowed progress for peasants and the poor (4). Which option critiques the factual accuracy of the summary?

While parts (1) and (3) are accurate, parts (2) and (4) need revision.

Read the summary. European nations were not the only ones exploring the open seas during the Age of Discovery (1). Chinese explorer Admiral Zheng He navigated the Indian Ocean a total of seven times (2). Between 1405 and 1433, Admiral He helped strengthen trade routes and cultivated Chinese influence in Southern Asia (3). Despite the voyages of Admiral He, the Chinese and Muslim cultures would remain isolated from each other for the next century (4). Which critiques the factual accuracy of the summary?

While parts (1), (2), and (3) are accurate, part (4) needs revision.

Read the summary. In the beginning, the Crusades had been about protecting Christians from the Saracens and reclaiming the city of Jerusalem (1). But in later Crusades, the Church began declaring holy wars on European land (2). For example, the Albigensian Crusade took place entirely within France (3). The Albigensian Crusade was the fight by the Catholic Church against the Moors to reclaim France from Muslim control (4). Which critiques the factual accuracy of the summary?

While parts (1), (2), and (3) are accurate, part (4) needs revision.

Read the summary. The Byzantine Empire began as the eastern half of the old Roman Empire and expanded to include much of Rome's Mediterranean territories (1). South of the Byzantine Empire, the Arab Empire rose to power, conquering the Persian Empire (2). Over time, the Arab Empire expanded and conquered Byzantine territories in the Middle East and northern Africa (3). The Arab Empire required all conquered people to convert to Confucianism (4). Which best critiques the accuracy of the summary?

While parts (1), (2), and (3) are accurate, part (4) needs revision.

Read the summary. The Renaissance positively impacted education in Europe (1). During the Renaissance educational methods changed from passive rote recitation to active analysis (2). Advancements in education spread literacy and led to new innovations and knowledge (3). In addition, education changed from primarily secular topics to religious education taught by the Catholic Church (4). Which option correctly critiques the accuracy of the summary?

While parts (1), (2), and (3) are accurate, part (4) needs revision.

Read the summary. European countries sought new territory and expanded trade markets during the Age of Exploration (1). In particular, when the Ottoman Empire seized control of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey), it blocked European trade ships traveling to Asia and parts of North Africa (2). This restricted the opportunity to trade for coffee, cotton, tomatoes, and corn (3). Unable to sail through these areas, navigators were motivated to find new trade routes (4). Which critiques the factual accuracy of the summary?

While parts (1), (2), and (4) are accurate, part (3) needs revision.

Read the summary. The Magna Carta was a document originally drafted by barons fighting against King George III of England for religious freedom, lower taxes, and the abolishment of slavery (1). The Magna Carta included clauses regarding due process and the guarantee of a speedy and fair trial (2). Centuries later, the Magna Carta influenced American history, including the Declaration of Independence and US Constitution (3). Which critiques the factual accuracy of the summary?

While parts (2) and (3) are accurate, part (1) needs revision.

Which identifies how the Catholic Church and Protestants viewed religious art?

While religious images were considered acceptable by the Catholic Church, they were regarded as idolatry by most Protestants.

How did the end of the English Civil War affect the founding of Pennsylvania?

William Penn's Quakers were persecuted in England when the Church of England reestablished its power, which convinced Penn to establish religious tolerance in his colony.

Which identifies the 16th-century English scholar who translated the Bible into English and was executed for it?

William Tyndale

Who was Zheng He?

a Chinese admiral who explored the Indian Ocean during the Ming dynasty

Which best defines deism?

a belief that God does not intervene with the laws of the universe

Which best defines martyr?

a person willing to suffer for his or her personal religious beliefs

Which best defines the scientific method?

a process of research used to test a hypothesis and draw a conclusion

What was the Protestant Reformation?

a religious movement to reform the Catholic Church that resulted in new Christian denominations

what made permanent settlements possible during the Neolithic Age ?

advancements in farming

which accurately identifies events in the life of Alexander the Great ?

alexander the Great founded the city of Alexandria in Egypt after defeating the Persian army .

Match each term to its correct definition.

feudalism = medieval political hierarchical system with a king at the top level, then his vassals, and serfs on the lowest level knight = mounted horseman who served in the military force of a land-owning lord monastery = house where monks live and work papacy = the office of pope in the Roman Catholic Church; adjective, papal

Which option identifies a primary goal of mercantilism?

amassing wealth through trade

Which political theory allows for complete freedom of the individual and the absence of government?

anarchism

Which identifies a science whose study allowed Renaissance artists to produce more accurate and lifelike paintings of humans?

anatomy

which accurately describes how ancient Greece influenced later civilizations ?

ancient Greece established a court system based on a trial by one's peers, now used in the United States .

which term means the science of domesticating , breeding , and caring for farm animals ?

animal husbandry

Match each term to its correct definition.

animism = the belief that spirits inhabit plants, animals, and objects pantheon = the gods and goddesses worshipped by a culture polytheism = worshipping more than one god or goddess

what did the Assyrian Empire leave behind as evidence of its culture ?

king Ashurbanipal's extensive library at Nineveh, which housed thousands of inscribed clay tablets

Which most accurately describes the Pilgrims involvement in the New World?

arrived at Plymouth Rock in 1620; aided in survival by the Wampanoag tribe; caused King Philip's War

How did the Catholic Church react to the increase of books that it found unfavorable?

by attempting to ban books

Match each term to its correct definition.

caliph = Arabic term for "successor," a leader who rules over a caliphate depose = to overthrow, remove from office purge = to rid an area of people, usually violently or suddenly

Which term means to deprive a person of a right or privilege?

disenfranchise

Which doctrine devised by Adam Smith argued that government should not interfere with economic matters?

laissez-faire

In which political system does the government own all businesses and control the economy?

communism

What was a primary source of conflict between France and Britain that led to the French and Indian War?

control of natural resources and the fur trade in North America

which statement is correct about the development of civilization in ancient Mesopotamia ?

cuneiform writing became widespread in 2400 BC .

match each term to its correct definition .

democracy = form of government in which political power is held by the people philosophy = pursuit of wisdom and truth through the use of logical reasoning and critical thinking republic = political state in which power is held by the people through elected representatives tyranny = form of government in which political power is held by a single ruler

Which event best identifies the beginning of the so-called Dark Ages in Europe?

fall of the Roman Empire

Which best describes a democracy?

form of government in which political power is held by the people

Which major culture of the ancient world is responsible for producing literature such as the Iliad and the Odyssey?

greek

which set of laws governed ancient Babylon and included the idea of "an eye for an eye" ?

hammurabi's code

Which theory describes a sun-centered universe and planetary orbits around the sun?

heliocentric

Which term is best defined as a religious opinion that goes against Church doctrine or established views?

heresy

match each term to its correct definition .

hominid = human-like primatepre historic = occurring before recorded history settlement = location where groups ceased roaming and built permanent dwellings

Read the sentence. A tentative explanation for an observation or phenomenon that can be tested by further investigation or experimentation is defined as a _[blank]_. Which most accurately completes the sentence?

hypothesis

Which term is defined as the worship of religious images?

idolatry

how did the Roman Empire contribute to modern-day legal systems ?

latin terms such as pro bono and affidavit are still used in the US legal system .

what is the "Out of Africa" Theory ?

it calculates that human migration from Africa began 60,000 to 90,000 years ago .

prior to Julius Caesar , what three sections divided the Roman Empire's government ?

magistrates , senate , and tribunes

match each term to its correct definition .

mercenary = a soldier who fights for payment rather than in service to the state infrastructure = the basic framework that a society requires to function , such as roads or political systems inflation = the sustained rise in the price levels of of goods and services over time

which best describes the inspiration for Homer's epic poem , the Iliad ?

mycenaean Greeks launching a historic invasion of Troy , known as the Trojan War .

read the sentence . relating to the New Stone Age from around 9000 BC to 3000 BC is best defined as _[blank]_ . which term best completes the sentence ?

neolithic

which accurately describes the differences between Orthodox and Reform Jews ?

orthodox Jews strictly follow Mosaic Law , whereas Reform Jews do not follow all ancient laws .

what era relates to the Old Stone Age , from around 3 million years ago to 9000 BC ?

paleolithic

what significant changes occurred from the Paleolithic Age to the Neolithic Age ?

people began to farm and move to permanent settlements .

which accurately describes cultural practices of ancient Kush ?

people in Kush built temples and pyramids in the city of Meroë similar to Egyptian monuments .

Read the sentence. A French intellectual of the Enlightenment period was known as a _[blank]_. Which most accurately completes the sentence?

philosophe

match each term to its correct definition .

subjugation = the act of conquering a people, exploiting and oppressing them, and forcing them to pay tribute catapult = a large mechanism with a movable arm for hurling heavy objects over city walls metallurgy = the science of extracting various metals from rocky ore

which best defines radiocarbon dating ?

the science of dating organic matter by determining the amount of carbon-14 in the material

What motivated Prince Henry the Navigator to sponsor Portuguese exploration efforts?

to spread Christianity to new lands and convert indigenous peoples

Why did the British Parliament create the English Bill of Rights?

to strengthen the rights of citizens

which accurately describes the Roman Empire's system of government prior to Julius Caesar ?

rome used a representative system of government , including two consuls , a senate , and assemblies .

Read the sentence. French women influenced Enlightenment intellectuals, government officials, and the wealthy middle class by hosting gatherings in drawing rooms in wealthy urban houses known as _[blank]_. Which most accurately completes the sentence?

salons

Read the sentence. The policy of relaxing the enforcement of laws meant to maintain economic control in the colonies is called _[blank]_. Which best completes the sentence?

salutary neglect

match each term to its correct definition .

secular = not connected with religion or a church schism = breakup of a religious group over excommunicate = to cast out a member of a church ecclesiastical = of the church or relating to a position in the clergy

How are joint-stock companies able to raise funds?

selling stock to the public

Which instrument allowed mariners to navigate using stars and planets in the night sky?

sextant

Read the sentence. According to Rousseau, an agreement between citizens and the government in which citizens empower the government to make laws as long as it serves the people is known as _[blank]_. Which most accurately completes the sentence?

social contract

The demand for which commodity led to European exploration during the Age of Discovery?

spices

what human advancements were made from the Paleolithic Age to the Neolithic Age ?

stone was shaped and polished for specific purposes .

Which Renaissance invention enabled Galileo Galilei to confirm heliocentric (Copernican) theory?

telescope

Which movement prompted people to challenge medieval practices and views of the world and inspired a rebirth in learning, the arts, and, eventually, the Scientific Revolution?

the Renaissance

which accurately describes architectural achievements of the Roman Empire ?

the Romans built massive concrete structures like the Pantheon and Coliseum .

how did the Roman Empire's system of government influence later societies ?

the Romans encouraged welfare and subsidized food for the poor , which are ideas now used in Western Europe .

Which identifies a key turning point in the Haitian Slave Revolt?

the defeat of Napoleon's army by Toussaint Louverture's forces

Which accurately describes the Columbian Exchange that resulted from the Age of Discovery?

the ecological transfer of plants, animals, people, and germs between the Old and New Worlds

how did the Nile River impact ancient Nubia ?

the fertile floodplains of the Nile made Nubia an important agricultural center .

what is the Law of the Twelve Tables ?

the first laws written down in Rome

Read the sentence. Humanism caused a major shift in society, moving it to focus primarily on _[blank]_. Which correctly completes the sentence?

the individual person

What important idea, which served as the foundation of the United States Constitution, was based on precedents set by the Magna Carta?

the right to a fair and speedy trial

Which best defines the Columbian Exchange?

the transfer of people, diseases, plants, and animals between the Old and New Worlds

Which most accurately describes the governmental policies of Louis XIV of France?

to assume control, centralize the French government, and strengthen the French army

What was the purpose of multinational corporations during the Age of Discovery?

to colonize foreign lands to make a profit

Why did the pope order the First Crusade in 1095?

to defend European Christians on pilgrimage to Jerusalem

What is the purpose of government according to John Locke's Two Treatises of Government?

to protect the natural rights of people

The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company that received a royal charter from King James I, allowing for the settlement of the Virginia Colony at Jamestown.

to trade African slaves in the West Indies

What were some of the agricultural products exported from the Americas that became popular in Europe?

tobacco, sugar, and cotton

What was noted Protestant Reformer William Tyndale able to accomplish with the aid of the newly invented printing press?

translate and publish the Bible in English

Read the sentence. A religious belief that says bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ during Holy Communion is defined as _[blank]_. Which option most accurately completes the sentence?

transubstantiation

Review the phrases. guns and gunpowder arrive in West Africa from Europe enslaved people from Africa arrive in the Americas cotton, sugar, tobacco, coffee and rice arrive in Europe What do the phrases describe?

triangular trade

Which theological teaching stated that the church and the state are two separate spheres of influence that can advise one another, but each is its own distinct area?

two kingdoms doctrine

Review the sentence. Protestant churches wanted the word of God to reach as many people as possible, so the Bible was translated into _[blank]_. Which term best completes the sentence?

vernacular languages

What does the Middle Passage refer to?

voyage of enslaved people from Africa to the Americas

Which best defines servient tenement?

working in servitude on land that is owned by a landlord

Read the sentence. A charter is a(n) _[blank]_. Which most accurately completes the sentence?

written grant

Read the summary. Chinese characters originally were pictographs, but the language expanded into thousands of complex and stylized characters (1). One of the oldest Chinese books yet discovered is the I Ching, a fortune-telling guide that historians believe was written around 800 BC. (2). Another famous text, The Art of War, written by Sun Tzu in 300 BC, provided an in-depth analysis of military tactics, and is still revered today by many scholars and military leaders. (3) Marco Polo introduced papermaking to the Chinese people during his travels across the Silk Road, forever enshrining Chinese literary works (4). Which accurately critiques the factual accuracy of the summary?

While parts (1), (2), and (3) are accurate, part (4) needs revision.

Read the summary. Egypt's recorded history began around 10,000 BC with the Old Kingdom (1). Egyptians had developed a means of writing called hieroglyphics (3). Hieroglyphics used pictographs to convey meaning (3). Which critiques the factual accuracy of the summary?

While parts (2) and (3) are accurate, part (1) needs revision.

Read the summary. The earliest humans originated in northern Europe (1) and traveled south via land bridges to Asia and Africa (2). As people spread throughout the world, a shift from hunter-gather to farming occurred (3), which led to increased food production, laws, culture, and disease (4). Which option critiques the factual accuracy of the summary?

While parts (3) and (4) are accurate, parts (1) and (2) need revision.

Which best defines settlement as it pertains to the history of civilization?

a location where groups ceased roaming and built permanent dwellings

Which best defines indigenous?

a native to a certain area or region

which form of religion believes in more than one god ?

polytheistic

match each term to its correct definition .

secular = not connected with religion or a church ziggurat = type of stepped pyramid originated by the Sumerians for religious and ritual uses deity = a supreme being; a god or goddess polytheistic = worshipping more than one god or goddess

which best describes the type of religious worship in the Sumerian Empire ?

sumerians worshiped many gods including a sun god, a moon god, a river god, and a fertility god .

What were ancient religious practices of Oceania cultures? Select all that apply.

- Ancient Oceanic religion was based on polytheism and animism. - Ancient Oceanic religions used shamans to communicate with spirits. - Ancient Oceanic religions had ritual taboos concerning menstruation and reproduction.

Which best describe how natural features and geography impacted the wealth of the Ghana Empire? Select all that apply.

- The Ghana Empire had an abundant amount of gold beneath the earth. - The Ghana Empire had fertile farmlands to produce a variety of crops.

which best describes how the Agricultural Revolution has affected modern society ? select all that apply .

- food wholesalers invented frozen foods to increase a food's shelf life . - the food industry invented refrigerators to enable farther transport of food .

Which best describes ancient literary works from the Greek Empire?

Literary works from the Greek Empire include Plato's Republic and Homer's Iliad.

Which best describes settlements in India during the Paleolithic Age?

Migrating humans settled in farming communities such as Harappa near the Indus River.

Which most accurately describes cultural practices of ancient Nubia?

Nubian people built temples and pyramids in the city of Meroë similar to Egyptian monuments.

Which most accurately describes the initial development of religion of Oceanic cultures?

Oceanic religion was polytheistic and animistic, viewing the events of the natural world as the work of gods.

Which best describes language differences between the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire?

People in the East spoke Greek, while people in the West spoke Latin.

Which most accurately describes the involvement of Pericles in the political system of ancient Athens and its influence on later civilizations?

Pericles helped Athens move to a direct democracy government, which later influenced Western European nations.

Which most accurately describes ancient Phoenicia's agricultural practices?

Phoenicia did not have much land for farming, but did grow fruits, wheat, olives, and grapes for wine.

Which best describes how Sparta's culture influenced the city-state's government?

Sparta was a society based on being prepared for war, and its government was also based on this concept.

Which best describes the type of religious worship practiced in the Sumerian Empire and its impact on civilization?

Sumerians were polytheistic, and most households kept shrines dedicated to certain gods or goddesses.

Which most accurately reflects the differences in religious practices of ancient Scandinavians and Greeks?

The Greeks worshiped a pantheon of 12 gods and goddesses, whereas Scandinavians worshiped Norse gods.

Which most accurately reflects the development of agriculture in early African civilizations?

The Kingdom of Ghana exchanged surplus crops and gold for textiles and salt brought by roving traders.

Which best describes laws developed by the Roman Empire?

The Law of the Twelve Tables code was displayed at the Roman Forum.

Which accurately describes historical events of the Qin Dynasty?

The Qin Dynasty began building the Great Wall of China and left tombs filled with terracotta warriors.

what was the site of the First Agricultural Revolution and the ancient Kingdom of Babylon ?

mesopotamia

match each term to its correct definition .

ostracism = exclusion by members of a group; ignoring one who is disgraced in some manner barter system = a means of trade where two people with items of similar value swap them with one another urbanization = development of small settlements into large cities

which accurately describes cultivation practices of Phoenicia ?

phoenicia was known for its bright purple dye made from certain shellfish .

Which option most accurately describes the writing system of the Phoenicians, in which one symbol represented one sound?

phonetic