HAP lab manual 89-103 (bones)
Rounded articular projection
Condyle
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Facet
Narrow, slitlike opening
Fissure
Round or oval opening through a bone
Foramen
Shallow basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
Fossa
Furrow
Groove
Depressions and openings for passage of blood vessels and nerves
Groove, Fissure, Foramen, Notch
Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
Head
Projections that help form joints
Head, Facet, Condyle, Ramus
Canal-like passageway
Meatus
Others
Meatus, Sinus, Fossa
Indentation at the edge of a structure
Notch
Armlike bar of bone
Ramus
Bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
Sinus
Sites of muscle and ligament attachment
Tuberosity, crest, trochanter, line, tubercle, epicondyle, spine, process
_______ bones are generally thin and have a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone. a. flat b. irregular c. long d. short
a. flat
The structural unit of compact bone is the a. osteon b. canaliculius c. lacuna
a. osteon
Circle the correct underlined term. The AXIAL / APPENDICULAR skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity.
axial
The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is a. elastic b. fibrocartilage c. hyaline
b. fibrocartilage
All the following are functions of the skeleton except: a. Attachment for the muscles b. Production of melanin c. site of red blood cell formation d. storage of lipids
b. production of melanin
The femur is an example of a(n) _____ bone. a. flat b. irregular c. long d. short
c. long
Name two tissue types that form the skeleton.
cartilage and bone
COMPACT / SPONGY bone looks smooth and homogeneous.
compact
Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent.
crest
The shaft of a long bone is known as the EPIPHYSIS / DIAPHYSIS
diaphysis
Is much more flexible than hyaline cartilages.
elastic cartilage
Only the external ear and epiglottis (which flops over and covers the larynx when we swallow) are _____ _______.
elastic cartilage
Tolerates repeated bending better than hyaline cartilage.
elastic cartilage
Raised on or above a condyle
epicondyle
True or false. Embryonic skeletons consist primarily of elastic cartilage, which is gradually replaced by bone during development and growth.
false. Embryonic skeletons are primarily composed of hyaline cartilage.
True or false. Cartilage has a covering made of dense connective tissue called periosteum.
false. periochondrium
Consists of rows of chondrocytes alternating with rows of thick collagen fibers.
fibrocartilage
_____ is used to construct the intervertebral discs and the cartilages within the knee joint.
fibrocartilage
______ has great tensile strength and can withstand heavy compression.
fibrocartilage
Name the four main groups of bone.
flat, long, irregular, and short
Most skeletal cartilages are composed of ____.
hyaline cartilage
provides sturdy support with some resilience or "give".
hyaline cartilage
Locate and identify the three major types of skeletal cartilages.
hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic. elastic - external ear and epiglottis hyaline - feet, arms, hands, elbow, ribs, shoulder, and nose fibrocartilage - intervertebral discs and knee joints
Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest
line
Any bony prominence
process
Sharp, slender, often pointed projection
spine
List the functions of the skeletal system.
supporting and protecting the body, framework for muscles to move the body, storage of lipids and minerals (most important being calcium), and blood cell formation.
Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on the femur)
trochanter
Small rounded projection or process
tubercle
Large rounded projection; may be roughened.
tuberosity