HAP lab manual 89-103 (bones)

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Rounded articular projection

Condyle

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Facet

Narrow, slitlike opening

Fissure

Round or oval opening through a bone

Foramen

Shallow basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Fossa

Furrow

Groove

Depressions and openings for passage of blood vessels and nerves

Groove, Fissure, Foramen, Notch

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Head

Projections that help form joints

Head, Facet, Condyle, Ramus

Canal-like passageway

Meatus

Others

Meatus, Sinus, Fossa

Indentation at the edge of a structure

Notch

Armlike bar of bone

Ramus

Bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Sinus

Sites of muscle and ligament attachment

Tuberosity, crest, trochanter, line, tubercle, epicondyle, spine, process

_______ bones are generally thin and have a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone. a. flat b. irregular c. long d. short

a. flat

The structural unit of compact bone is the a. osteon b. canaliculius c. lacuna

a. osteon

Circle the correct underlined term. The AXIAL / APPENDICULAR skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity.

axial

The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is a. elastic b. fibrocartilage c. hyaline

b. fibrocartilage

All the following are functions of the skeleton except: a. Attachment for the muscles b. Production of melanin c. site of red blood cell formation d. storage of lipids

b. production of melanin

The femur is an example of a(n) _____ bone. a. flat b. irregular c. long d. short

c. long

Name two tissue types that form the skeleton.

cartilage and bone

COMPACT / SPONGY bone looks smooth and homogeneous.

compact

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent.

crest

The shaft of a long bone is known as the EPIPHYSIS / DIAPHYSIS

diaphysis

Is much more flexible than hyaline cartilages.

elastic cartilage

Only the external ear and epiglottis (which flops over and covers the larynx when we swallow) are _____ _______.

elastic cartilage

Tolerates repeated bending better than hyaline cartilage.

elastic cartilage

Raised on or above a condyle

epicondyle

True or false. Embryonic skeletons consist primarily of elastic cartilage, which is gradually replaced by bone during development and growth.

false. Embryonic skeletons are primarily composed of hyaline cartilage.

True or false. Cartilage has a covering made of dense connective tissue called periosteum.

false. periochondrium

Consists of rows of chondrocytes alternating with rows of thick collagen fibers.

fibrocartilage

_____ is used to construct the intervertebral discs and the cartilages within the knee joint.

fibrocartilage

______ has great tensile strength and can withstand heavy compression.

fibrocartilage

Name the four main groups of bone.

flat, long, irregular, and short

Most skeletal cartilages are composed of ____.

hyaline cartilage

provides sturdy support with some resilience or "give".

hyaline cartilage

Locate and identify the three major types of skeletal cartilages.

hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic. elastic - external ear and epiglottis hyaline - feet, arms, hands, elbow, ribs, shoulder, and nose fibrocartilage - intervertebral discs and knee joints

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

line

Any bony prominence

process

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

spine

List the functions of the skeletal system.

supporting and protecting the body, framework for muscles to move the body, storage of lipids and minerals (most important being calcium), and blood cell formation.

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on the femur)

trochanter

Small rounded projection or process

tubercle

Large rounded projection; may be roughened.

tuberosity


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