Harding, Psych stats 325, chapter 4

Five students took a personality test. Their deviation scores were -4 +3 +1 -2 +2. Assuming that these scores form a normal distribution, which score(s) would have the highest frequency? A. -4 B. +3 C. -2, and +2 D. +1

+1

Five students took a personality test. Their deviation scores were -4 +3 +1 -2 +2. Assuming that these scores form a normal distribution, which of the following orders represents their ranking in terms if frequency, from highest to lowest? A. +1, +2 and -2, +3, -4 B. -4, +3, +2 and -2, +1 C. -4, -2, +1, +2, +3 D. +3, +2, +1, -2, -4

+1, +2 and -2, +3, -4

Five students took a personality test. Their deviation scores were -4 +3 +1 -2 +2. Assuming that these scores form a normal distribution, which deviation represents the highest raw score? A. -4 B. +3 C. +2 D. +1

+3

For the following set of scores, what is (are) (x - x̄)? 7,8,10,10,11,12,13,13,15 A. 4,3,2,1,0,-1,-2,-2,-4 B. -4,-3,-1,-1,0,1,2,2,3, C. 4,3,1,1,0,1,2,2,4 D. 0

-4,-3,-1,-1,0,1,2,2,3,

Graphs in book.

...

The sum of the deviations around the mean always equals... A. 1. B. The mean. C. The sum of the total scores. D. 0.

0

In which of the following sets of data would the mode be inappropriate? A. 3,4,5,5,5,6,7 B. 3,4,5,6,7 C. 3,4,4,4,5,5,6,7 D. 3,4,5,5,6,7

3,4,5,6,7

Find the mode of the following data set: 8,7,2,4,4,8,2,4,6,5,7,3,9,4,5,4,7 A. 5. B. 4. C. 5.24. D 7

4.

Find the median of the following data set. 8,7,2,4,4,8,2,4,6,5,7,3,9,4,5,4,7 A. 5 B. 4 C. 5.24 D. 7

5

Find the mean of the following data set. 8,7,2,4,4,8,2,4,6,5,7,3,9,4,5,4,7 A. 5 B. 4 C. 5.24 D. 7

5.24

The equipment failed to record the reaction time for one trial in an experiment. The reaction times (in milliseconds)) for the other trials were 505, 630, 490, 650, and 560. What is the best guess for the missing value? A. 490.00 B. 560. C. 567.00 D. 568.75

567.00

Find the median of the scores in the allowing frequency distribution. (S=Score) S | f 9 | 2 8 | 4 7 | 8 6 | 6 5 | 4 4 | 3 3 | 2 A. 8 B. 7 C. 6.21 D. 6

6.

Find the mean of the scores in the following frequency distribution. (S=Score) S | f 9 | 2 8 | 4 7 | 8 6 | 6 5 | 4 4 | 3 3 | 2 A. 8 B. 7 C. 6.21 D. 6

6.21

Find the mode of the scores in the following frequency distribution. (S=Score) S | f 9 | 2 8 | 4 7 | 8 6 | 6 5 | 4 4 | 3 3 | 2 A. 8 B. 6 C. 7 D. 6.21

7.

In an effort to quit smoking, Pat began eating butterscotch hard candies. for the month of September, Pat's mean was 24 pieces of candy per day. What was the total number of butterscotch candies that pat consumed in September? A. 240 B. 460 C. 680 D. 720

720

A researcher conducts a study to investigate the influence of the amount of noise in the environment on the number of errors a person makes. The following means were obtained. What conclusion should be drawn from this experiment? Low | Med | High x̄=7 | x̄=11 | x̄=14 A. Apparently, there is no relationship between noise level and number of errors. B. Apparently, there is a relationship: as number of errors increases, the noise level also increases from around 7 to around 11 to around 14. C. Apparently, there is a relationship: As the number of errors increases. the noise level also increases from low to medium to high. D. Apparently there is a relationship: As the noise level increases, the number of errors also increases from around 7 to around 11 to around 14.

Apparently there is a relationship: As the noise level increases, the number of errors also increases from around 7 to around 11 to around 14.

Graphs in book

B

An experimenter investigated the ability to concentrate as a function of eye color. Eye color was classified as having either, brown eye, or other eye color. which type of graph should the experimenter use to display the results? A. X and Y B. Histogram C. Bar D. Line

Bar

When we graph results from an experiment where the independent variable is on a nominal scale, which type of graph os appropriate A. line graph B. Histogram C. Normal curve D. Bar Graph.

Bar Graph

Graphs in book

D

When deciding which typer of measure of central tendency is appropriate, we consider the scale of measurement used to measure the.... A. variability of the distribution. B. Mean. C. Independent variable. D. Dependent variable.

Dependent variable.

An experimenter investigated the ability to concentrate as a function of crowding. Concentration was measured as the amount of time it took the participant to complete a word puzzle. How should the experimenter summarize the scores on the dependent variable? A. Find the mode for crowding because crowding scores are nominal. B. Find the mean amount of crowding if the crowding scores are normally distributed. C. Find the mean amount of time it took to solve the puzzle, if time scores are normally distributed. D. Find the median amount of time it took to solve the puzzle because time scores are ordinal.

Find the mean amount of time it took to solve the puzzle, if time scores are normally distributed.

When deciding which type of graph (bar, line, histogram, etc.) is appropriate, we consider the characteristics of the... A. Variability of the distribution B. Mean. C. Independent variable. D. Dependent variable.

Independent variable.

A deviation score of -3 indicates that the raw score is... A. Greater than the mean. B. greater than the median. C. equal to the mean. D. Less than the mean.

Less than the mean.

Measures of central tendency are measures of... A. Distance. B. Location. C. Deviation. D. Extremes.

Location.

The mean is used most often in behavioral research because researchers tend to... A. Measure variables that have interval or ratio scores, and the scores form approximately normal distributions. B. conduct research in which the mathematical center of a distribution is required. C. conduct research in which only the most frequently occurring score is needed. D. Measure variables that have interval or ratio scores, and the scores usually do not form a normal distribution.

Measure variables that have interval or ratio scores, and the scores form approximately normal distributions.

On any graph a horizontal line of data points indicates that... A. the Y scores are changing as the X scores change, and there is a relationship present. B. The Y score are not changing as the X scores change, and there is no relationship present. C. the independent and dependent variables have been placed on the wrong axes and should be reversed. D. every score is occurring with a different frequency

The Y score are not changing as the X scores change, and there is no relationship present.

When we graph results from an Experiment, a line graph is appropriate when... A. The independent variable is interval or ratio B. The independent variable is nominal or ordinal C. The dependent variable is nominal or ordinal. D. The dependent variable is interval or ratio

The independent variable is interval or ratio

A researcher has conducted an experiment in which the independent variable is room temperature. Two conditions (a hot room and a cold room) were used. The dependent variable was the length of time required to complete a jigsaw puzzle. What is the best way to state the there is a relationship? A. The mean times to complete the puzzle are not different fro the two room conditions. B. The mean room temperatures are not different for the length of time required to complete the jigsaw puzzle. C. The mean times complete the puzzle are different for the two room conditions. D.The mean room temperatures are different for the length of time required to complete the jigsaw puzzle.

The mean times complete the puzzle are different for the two room conditions.

A score's deviation conveys two pieces of information about the score's location: the number indicates _____, and the sign indicates _____. A. The score's distance from the mean; whether the score is greater or less than the mean. B. whether the score is greater or less than the mean; the score's distance from the mean. C. The size of the score; whether the score is a good score. D. whether the score is a good score; whether the score is positive or negative.

The score's distance from the mean; whether the score is greater or less than the mean.

To obtain the mean, we would... A. count all the scores and divide by the total number of scores. B. add all the scores and divide by the sum of all the scores. C. divide the total number of scores by the sum of all the scores. D. add all the scores and divide by the total number of scores.

add all the scores and divide by the total number of scores.

With respect to other scores in a distribution, measures of central tendency... A. are all around the other scores. B. are the points around which most of the scores are located. C. usually fall in the tails or extremes of the distribution. D. are never actually equal to one of those scores in the distribution.

are the points around which most of the scores are located.

Why is the median unaffected by extreme scores occurring in only one tail of the distribution. A. because the median does not take into account the actual values of all the scores. B. because the median takes into account the actual values of all the scores. C. because the median is only one point in the while distribution. D. because the median is based on how frequently the median score occurs.

because the median does not take into account the actual values of all the scores.

How would you describe the following set of scores. 2,2,3,3,3,4,4,5,6,7,7,8,8,8,8,9,9 A. negatively skewed. B. normally distributed. C. positively skewed. D. bimodal.

bimodal.

The population mean is estimated by... A. calculation the mean of as many scores as we can get from the population. B. calculation the mean of a random sample drawn from the population. C. calculating the mean of a random sample drawn from the population. D. calculating all measures of central tendency for a random sample from the population.

calculation the mean of a random sample drawn from the population.

A deviation score is more informative than a raw score because it... A. describes the shape of the distribution. B. has a greater numeric value. C.. is a transformation of the raw score. D. gives the score's location relative to the mean.

gives the score's location relative to the mean.

When we refer to a score's deviation, we are referring to... A. how far it is from other scores. B. how far it is from the mean. C. how close it is to the other scores. D. how much error occurred in measuring it.

how far it is from the mean.

The mean is inappropriate measure of central tendency when the distribution is severely skewed because... A. it is not the mathematical center of a skewed distribution. B. only 50% of the scores in a skewed distribution are near it. C. it does not accurately describe a skewed distribution. D. only the mode describes a skewed distribution.

it does not accurately describe a skewed distribution.

What happens to the mean of a distribution if every score is divided by 10? A. its value is divided by 10. B. its value is multiplied by 10. C. its value is decreased by 10 points. D. its value is increased by 10 points.

its value is divided by 10.

In a graph of the relationship between the level of nose in a environment and the number of errors a person makes, the ____ is on the X axis and the ____ is on the Y axis. A. Number of errors; frequency of errors B. level of noise; number of errors C. level of noise; frequency of noise D. number of errors; level of noise

level of noise; number of errors

The best predictor of an individual score in a sample of scores is the... A. Sum of the deviations of the scores from the mean. B. score minus the mean. C. mean of the sample of scores. D. total error in the sample of scores.

mean of the sample of scores.

When we graph the results of an experiment, the Y axis indicates the... A. measure of central tendency we have used for the dependent variable. B. Raw score values for each subject on the dependent variable. C. Raw scores for each of the independent variable. D. Levels of the independent variable.

measure of central tendency we have used for the dependent variable.

The distribution of weights of men in the American population is not symmetrical. Most weights are bunched together at the lower end of the distribution. As weights increase, there are fewer and fewer men with these weights. how would you describe the relationship between the mean, the median, and the mode in this distribution? A. mode < median < mean B. mean < median < mode C. mean = median = mode D. median < mode < mean

mode < median < mean

When a distribution's mode > median > mean, it is said to be... A. positively skewed. B. negatively skewed C. symmetrical D. bimodal.

negatively skewed

The mode is the appropriate measure of central tendency when the scale of measurement is.... A. nominal. B. ordinal. C. interval. D. ratio.

nominal.

μ is the symbol for the... A. population median. B. population mode. C. population mean. D. sample mean.

population mean.

When it is impossible to obtain all the scores in a depopulation, the best estimate of the population mean is the... A. population median. B. sample mean. C. sample mode. D. sample median.

sample mean.

When a distributions mode = median = mean, it is said to be... A. positively skewed. B. negatively skewed. C. symmetrical. D. bimodal.

symmetrical.

Which measure of central tendency should be an academic counselor use to describe a students rank order in his/her classes? A. the mean. B. the Median C. the mode D. the deviation

the Median

When using the mean to predict scores, error is represented by.... A. the deviation of the median from the mean. B. a statistic obtained from a nonrandom sample. C. the deviation of a score from the mean. D. the differences between raw scores in a sample.

the deviation of a score from the mean.

When the mean is used to predict scores, a deviation (x - x̄) indicates... A. the sample is representative of the population. B. the difference between the x̄ we predict and the score an individual actually gets. C. the sum of all the deviations. D. the individual's observed score.

the difference between the x̄ we predict and the score an individual actually gets.

The mean is the preferred measure of central tendency when... A. the scale of measurement is interval. B. the scale of measurement is ordinal, interval, or ratio and the distribution is skewed. C. the scale of measurement is ratio. D. the distribution is symmetrical and the scale of measurement is interval or ratio.

the distribution is symmetrical and the scale of measurement is interval or ratio.

the mean is defined as... A. the most frequently occurring score. B. the mathematical center of the distribution. C. the smallest deviation from the center score. D. the point at or below which 50% of the scores fall.

the mathematical center of the distribution.

Which measure of central tendency is appropriate if the shape of the distribution is symmetrical and the measurement scale is interval or ratio? A. the mode B. the median C. the mean. D. the Deviation

the mean

In a skewed distribution the mathematical center is... A. the median, which is the point around which most of the scores tend to be located. B. the mode, which is the point around which most of the scores tend to be located. C. the mean, which is not the point around which most of the scores tend to be located. D. impossible to determine.

the mean, which is not the point around which most of the scores tend to be located.

Which measure of central tendency is appropriate if the shape of the distribution is severely skewed. A. the mode. B. the median. C. the mean. D. the deviation.

the median.

Which measure of central tendency should a researcher use to describe the sex of participants in a study? A. the mean. B. the median. C. the mode. D. the deviation.

the mode.

The mode is defined as... A. the most frequently occurring score. B. the mathematical center of the distribution. C. the smallest deviation from the mean. D. the point at or below which 50% of the scores fall.

the most frequently occurring score.

The median is defined as... A. the mostly frequently occurring score. B. the mathematical center of the distribution. C. the smallest deviation from the mean. D. the point at or below which 50% of the scores fall.

the point at or below which 50% of the scores fall.

In order to decide which measure of central tendency is appropriate you must first determine... A. the appropriate graph to use and the independent variable. B. the independent and the dependent variables. C. how the data will be collected. D. the scale of measurement being used and the shape of the distribution.

the scale of measurement being used and the shape of the distribution.

The median is the preferred measure of central tendency when... A. the scale of measurement is nominal. B. the scale of measurement is ordinal. C. the scale of measurement is ratio. D. the distribution is symmetrical and the scale of measurement is interval or ratio.

the scale of measurement is ordinal.

Why shouldn't the mode be used with the following set of scores? 2,5,3,3,4,2,4,5,1,1 A. the data are obviously not nominal. B. there is no mode. C. the score are positively skewed. D. the scores are negatively skewed.

there is no mode.

With respect to a graph of a frequency distribution, a positive deviation score... A. will be located to the right of the mean. B. will be located to the left of the mean. C. cannot be found. D. indicated the raw score's location relative to the median.

will be located to the right of the mean.

Adding numbers is an important procedure in statistics. Instead of saying "add up all of these scores" we use the symbol... A. K. B. X. C. Σ. D. Y.

Σ.