HDFS 2400 - Ch. 17

___________ affect(s) nearly half of older adults at least a few nights per month. 1) Sleep apnea 2) Restless legs 3) Insomnia 4) Frequent nighttime urination

Insomnia

In developing nations with widespread poverty, average healthy life expectancy is reduced by _______ years, compared with the industrialized world. 1) 5 to 7 2) 10 to 12 3) 15 to 20 4) 30 to 40

30 to 40

___________ is the most common form of dementia. 1) Cerebrovascular dementia 2) Parkinson's disease 3) Alzheimer's disease 4) Subcortical dementia

Alzheimer's disease

Which of the following is true about problem solving in late adulthood? 1) Because elders are especially concerned with maintaining positive relationships, problem solving often involves resolving interpersonal conflicts. 2) Older adults seek advice of spouses, adult children, friends, and neighbors less often than in the past. 3) As long as they perceive problems as under their control and as important, elders are active and effective in solving them. 4) In dealing with health concerns, older adults tend to adopt a "wait and see" approach in favor of gathering more facts.

As long as they perceive problems as under their control and as important, elders are active and effective in solving them.

Why does the death rate due to pneumonia increase so sharply during late adulthood? 1) Pneumonia is much more deadly today than it was several decades ago. 2) More than 50 lung inflammations are classified as pneumonia, making it appear that the disease kills more people than it actually does. 3) As their immune system weakens over time, many elders eventually encounter an infection that they cannot fight. 4) Pneumonia vaccinations are rarely given to adults over age 65.

As their immune system weakens over time, many elders eventually encounter an infection that they cannot fight.

Which of the following is true about caregivers of elders with dementia? 1) The majority of home caregivers are elders themselves. 2) Caregiving of elders with dementia is sometimes known as the "36-hour day" because of its constant demands. 3) Few communities offer interventions designed to support family caregivers. 4) Men and women are equally likely to provide care to family members with dementia.

Caregiving of elders with dementia is sometimes known as the "36-hour day" because of its constant demands.

Which statement about elderly drivers and motor vehicle accidents is true? 1) Because of anxiety over declining vision, elders tend to drive less and, consequently, are at low risk for traffic accidents and fatalities. 2) They have higher rates of traffic violations, accidents, and fatalities per mile driven than any other age group. 3) Compared with young drivers, the elderly are less likely to drive quickly and recklessly but more likely to fail to heed signs, yield the right of way, and turn appropriately. 4) They are at low risk for collisions at intersections because they tend to compensate for slower reflexes by being extra cautious.

Compared with young drivers, the elderly are less likely to drive quickly and recklessly but more likely to fail to heed signs, yield the right of way, and turn appropriately.

Which of the following is true about the risk of dietary deficiencies in the elder population? 1) Elders should reduce their caloric intake significantly in their later years, as their bodies require less energy and nutrients. 2) Declines in taste and smell often reduce the quantity and quality of food eaten. 3) As long as elders take appropriate vitamin supplements, they should remain physically and cognitively healthy. 4) The aging digestive system absorbs protein and calcium more quickly and efficiently.

Declines in taste and smell often reduce the quantity and quality of food eaten.

Which of the following is true about falls in late adulthood? 1) Declines in vision, hearing, and mobility increase the risk of falling. 2) Because of weakened bones, serious injury results about 40 percent of the time. 3) The risk of serious injury due to falling far outweighs the health benefits of activity. 4) After motor vehicle accidents, falls are the leading type of accident among the elderly.

Declines in vision, hearing, and mobility increase the risk of falling.

________________ is the disorder most often misdiagnosed as dementia. 1) Atherosclerosis 2) Depression 3) Parkinson's disease 4) Diabetes

Depression

____________ is associated with more rapid cognitive declines in the elderly and an elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease. 1) Osteoarthritis 2) Rheumatoid arthritis 3) Diabetes 4) Unintentional injury

Diabetes

How do men and women compare in their physical health after age 85? 1) Women have fewer health problems overall. 2) Men have more non-life-threatening disabling conditions. 3) Women are better able to remain independent and engage in society. 4) Men are less likely to be impaired because only the sturdiest men have survived.

Men are less likely to be impaired because only the sturdiest men have survived.

Which of the following is true about sexuality in late adulthood? 1) A majority of elders attribute little to no importance to sex. 2) Most healthy elder couples report continued, regular sexual enjoyment. 3) Men are more likely than women to lose interest in sex. 4) Health problems prevent sexual activity in nearly 80 percent of adults over age 65.

Most healthy elder couples report continued, regular sexual enjoyment.

Which elder is most likely to enter a nursing home? 1) Mr. Holzman, who has dementia 2) Mrs. Nairon, who has cancer 3) Mr. Overholser, who is a widower 4) Mrs. Pegel, who is a widow

Mr. Holzman, who has dementia

Which of the following is true about age-related losses in language production? 1) Language comprehension changes significantly in late life. 2) Planning what to say and how to say it is harder in late adulthood. 3) Older adults have few compensatory techniques for language production difficulties. 4) Older adults tend to use fewer pronouns and more detailed references than younger adults.

Planning what to say and how to say it is harder in late adulthood.

________ especially decline in height because of a loss of __________. 1) Men; lean body mass 2) Women; bone mineral content 3) Men; muscle and fat 4) Women; muscle and fat

Women; bone mineral content

Why do older adults recall their adolescent and early adulthood experiences more readily than their mid-adulthood lives? 1) Youthful events occurred during a period of rapid life change filled with personally significant experiences. 2) Declines in fluid intelligence make information-retrieval of events in mid-life more difficult. 3) Deficits in recall memory make it harder for people to describe mid-life experiences. 4) The memories of earlier life events have been recalled more often, thus leading to better recall.

Youthful events occurred during a period of rapid life change filled with personally significant experiences.

Which of the following seems to reduce an individual's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease? 1) hormone therapy 2) a "Mediterranean diet" 3) folate supplements 4) anti-inflammatory drugs

a "Mediterranean diet"

An extended, steep falloff in cognitive performance is 1) unusual in healthy older adults. 2) a sign of loss of vitality and impending death. 3) expected in adults soon after age 100. 4) due to disuse of skills rather than biological aging.

a sign of loss of vitality and impending death.

Mr. Embrel has a blood clot blocking a blood vessel. This is known as 1) a stroke. 2) emphysema. 3) hypertension. 4) coronary pneumonia.

a stroke.

Naomi, age 75, needs help bathing, dressing, and getting into bed. She has difficulty performing 1) secondary responsibilities of active functioning. 2) primary activities of active functioning. 3) instrumental activities of daily living. 4) activities of daily living.

activities of daily living.

Of all hearing difficulties, the _____________ has the greatest impact on life satisfaction. 1) inability to hear at high frequencies 2) inability to detect soft sounds 3) age-related decline in speech perception 4) age-related decline in responsiveness to startling noises

age-related decline in speech perception

In cultures where the elderly are treated with respect and deference, 1) anti-aging products are commonly used. 2) younger adults are more likely to view physical aging with pessimism. 3) an aging appearance can be a source of pride. 4) seniors are portrayed as frail and dependent.

an aging appearance can be a source of pride.

Francesca's immune system has begun to turn against normal body tissues, which is referred to as 1) selective optimization. 2) primary aging. 3) an autoimmune response. 4) compression of morbidity.

an autoimmune response.

Michael and Franklin moved into a homelike housing arrangement for seniors who require more care than can be provided at home. This is an example of 1) a nursing home. 2) assisted living. 3) institutionalization. 4) hospice care.

assisted living.

Because he has mobility problems, Mr. Dow has a phone that can be dialed and answered by voice commands. This is an example of 1) a smart-device. 2) selective optimization with compensation. 3) assistive technology. 4) assisted living.

assistive technology.

In most cases, cerebrovascular dementia is caused by 1) atherosclerosis. 2) diabetes. 3) cigarette smoking. 4) high salt intake.

atherosclerosis.

Improved nutrition, medical treatment, and sanitation all help account for the dramatic increase in _________ in the twentieth century. 1) active living age 2) the life expectancy crossover 3) functional age 4) average life expectancy

average life expectancy

About 50 percent of adults over age 85 are affected by 1) Alzheimer's disease. 2) emphysema. 3) dementia. 4) Parkinson's disease.

dementia

Although hearing loss has less impact on self-care than vision loss, it affects 1) enjoyment of life. 2) activities of daily living. 3) instrumental activities of daily living. 4) employment.

enjoyment of life.

A reduced sense of touch primarily affects the 1) face. 2) torso. 3) fingertips. 4) feet.

fingertips

Ray's actual competence and performance in dealing with life's challenges indicate his __________ age. 1) chronological 2) biological 3) functional 4) social

functional

Elders who ________________ adapt more favorably and feel better about it. 1) see aging as inevitable and uncontrollable 2) generate new, problem-centered coping strategies for aging 3) use cosmetics and surgery to combat aging 4) ruminate about the effects of aging

generate new, problem-centered coping strategies for aging

The major reason older adults tend to display more hesitations and word repetitions than younger adults is that they 1) have a harder time understanding spoken language. 2) often have symptoms of dementia. 3) have difficulty retrieving words from long-term memory. 4) quickly lose interest in conversational topics.

have difficulty retrieving words from long-term memory.

The brain of a person with Alzheimer's disease is likely to 1) have fewer neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques than people without the disease. 2) overcompensate for the breakdown and disposal of abnormal proteins, leaving too few remaining. 3) have more neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques than people without the disease. 4) overproduce serotonin and dopamine.

have more neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques than people without the disease.

Which of these is an example of secondary aging? 1) a decrease in the maximum heart rate 2) farsightedness from a stiffening lens 3) heart disease from smoking cigarettes 4) lack of menstruation after menopause

heart disease from smoking cigarettes

Although 78-year-old Edmund has no problem with physical activities, such as dressing and eating, he has difficulty with tasks that require some cognitive competence, such as preparing food and paying his bills. Edmund displays difficulty with 1) secondary responsibilities of active functioning. 2) primary activities of active functioning. 3) instrumental activities of daily living. 4) activities of daily living.

instrumental activities of daily living.

Vital respiratory capacity is reduced by half between ages 25 and 80 because 1) lung tissue gradually loses its elasticity. 2) the lungs shrink as their cells die. 3) the blood absorbs more oxygen and gives off less carbon dioxide. 4) the rib cage can no longer expand as much.

lung tissue gradually loses its elasticity.

The leading cause of blindness among older adults is 1) a decline in binocular vision. 2) cataracts. 3) macular degeneration. 4) cell loss in the optic nerve.

macular degeneration.

Mrs. Nguyen agrees with the following statement: "As I get older, things are better than I thought they'd be." Mrs. Nguyen's self-perception 1) is an example of stereotype threat. 2) may help her live a longer life. 3) suggests that she is in denial. 4) is consistent with the prevailing Western stereotype of late adulthood.

may help her live a longer life.

The _________ is believed to be responsible for the female advantage in average life expectancy. 1) gender difference in alcohol consumption 2) protective value of the extra X chromosome 3) risk factor of the extra Y chromosome 4) gender difference in preventative health care

protective value of the extra X chromosome

Which of the following is an example of prospective memory? 1) remembering your second-grade teacher's name 2) remembering the capitals of all 50 states 3) remembering to go to a dentist appointment next week 4) remembering the name of a movie you saw recently

remembering to go to a dentist appointment next week

Martin is a caregiver for a 70-year-old Alzheimer's patient. If he is like most caregivers, what type of assistance would he most desire? 1) knowledge about the disease 2) coping skills 3) caregiving skills 4) respite

respite

Which of the following would help Donald deal with his hearing loss most effectively? 1) acting as though there has been no change in his hearing 2) closing his eyes to minimize visual distractions 3) seeking out quieter environments for conversations 4) taking a sign language course

seeking out quieter environments for conversations

A diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is made 1) by administering a blood test. 2) through exclusion, after ruling out other causes of dementia. 3) by a physical examination. 4) by taking an MRI image of the brain.

through exclusion, after ruling out other causes of dementia.

One way older adults compensate for neuron loss is 1) with an increase in glial cells, which myelinate neural fibers. 2) to call on additional brain regions to support cognitive processing. 3) with increased efficiency of the central nervous system. 4) with increased efficiency of the autonomic nervous system.

to call on additional brain regions to support cognitive processing.

Hank, a robust 102-year-old, has just completed a personality test. If he is a typical robust centenarian, Hank will probably score highly on which trait? 1) sense of humor 2) wariness to experience 3) dependence 4) toughmindedness

toughmindedness

Elderly people who have trouble sleeping can reduce their difficulties by 1) using the bedroom only for sleep. 2) taking sleeping pills on a regular basis. 3) taking frequent short naps during the day. 4) cutting back on exercise.

using the bedroom only for sleep.

In late life, more women than men report being ________ impaired, and more men than women ________ impaired. 1) visually; hearing 2) hearing; visually 3) sensory; physically 4) physically; sensory

visually; hearing

Earl has broad practical knowledge, emotional maturity, and the ability to apply his knowledge to make life more worthwhile. Earl is demonstrating 1) fluid intelligence. 2) crystallized intelligence. 3) wisdom. 4) generativity.

wisdom.