Health Final Exam Review Unit 6

3 accessory glands are:

1) seminal vesicles, 2) prostrate, and 3) bulbourethral glands

Most testicular cancer occurs in men between the ages of

15 and 35 - this is why it is important for males to start doing self-examinations in their teens. Treatment is effective if detected and treated early.

Identify one of the functions of the penis a. delivers sperm to the female b. makes sperm more mobile c. carries sperm to the epididymis d. produces and stores sperm

A

At which stage of childbirth does the baby's head begin to push into the birth canal? A. dilation B. expulsion C. placental D. before birth

A . Dilation is the first stage of birth. Uterine contractions open the cervix. The membranes surrounding the baby rupture. The cervix must dilate enough for the head and body to pass through. This stage ends when the cervix is fully dilated to 10 centimeters.

Which of the following does NOT describe the development of a baby during the second trimester? A. The fetus begins to make sounds. B. Hair forms on the body. C. The organ systems continue to develop. D. The reproductive organs can be recognized as distinctly male or female.

A A fetus cannot make sounds inside the uterus. However, the fetus does begin to hear and recognize voices during the second trimester.

Which of the following statements about testicular cancer is false? A. Males should have their doctors examine them for testicular cancer once a month. B. Testicular cancer may be hereditary. C. One possible symptom of testicular cancer is an unusual lump in your scrotum. D. Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in males between the ages of 15 and 35.

A All males who have reached puberty should do monthly testicular self-examinations. Regular self-examination will allow you to notice any changes from one exam to the next. Males should also have an annual checkup by a doctor.

Which of the following statements about sexual activity is false? A. Some forms of sexual activity don't cause pregnancy but can cause sexually transmitted diseases. B. A sexually transmitted disease is an infectious disease that is spread by sexual intercourse. C. Abstinence is the avoidance of all sexual activity. D. Many teens mistakenly believe that they can participate in some forms of sexual activity and still be considered abstinent.

Any type of sexual contact, not just intercourse, can spread sexually transmitted diseases.

Which of the following suggestions is not a step in verbally refusing to become sexually active? A. Clearly identify the problem. B. State why the person pressuring you should change his or her mind. C. State what you would like to have happen instead. D. Explain the results if the change in plans is made.

B . It is not your responsibility to try to change your dating partner's mind. Instead, you need to state your own thoughts and feelings about the problem.

Another problem that can occur in the male reproductive system is testicular torsion. Which of the following describes testicular torsion? A. fungal infection of the groin area B. twisting of a testis on the nerves and blood vessels attached to it C. abnormal division of cells in the prostate D. bacterial infection of the prostate

B . Testicular torsion can happen during athletic or other physical activities. Symptoms include the elevation of a testis, swelling or tenderness of the scrotum, and abdominal pain. Testicular torsion requires immediate medical care.

Which of the following problems of the female reproductive system is NOT an infection? A. vaginitis B. endometriosis C. cystitis D. toxic shock syndrome

B Endometriosis is the growth of tissue like that of the uterine lining, which is also called the endometrium, outside of the uterus. This condition can be painful and can lead to infertility. Scientists do not yet know how to prevent endometriosis, but severe cases can be treated with hormones or surgery.

Which of the following describes what generally happens at the midpoint of the menstrual cycle? A. The egg travels through the fallopian tube, toward the uterus. B. The ovary releases an egg into the fallopian tube. C. The lining of the uterus is shed. D. The egg reaches the uterus.

B Ovulation, which is the release of a mature egg from the ovary, occurs at the midpoint of the menstrual cycle. Following ovulation, high levels of estrogen and progesterone further thicken and maintain the uterine lining.

Which of the following is a function of an external part of the male reproductive system? A. secreting a thin, milky fluid that protects the sperm from acid in the female reproductive system B. removing urine from the male's body and delivers sperm to the female reproductive system C. producing thick secretions that nourish the sperm and help sperm move easier D. providing a passage for mature sperm to mix with fluids produced by accessory reproductive organs

B These are the functions of the penis, which is an external organ. The penis is made of soft tissue and blood vessels. Sperm are released from the penis through ejaculation, during which the penis must be erect.

By the end of the first ____________ months all of the baby's major structures have formed.

By the end of the first 3 months (first trimester) all of the baby's major structures have formed. Hint - If a True / False question asks "all the baby's major body structures are formed before end of 6th month", the answer is False because they are formed by the end of the 3rd month.

Even with good prenatal care, several problems can occur during pregnancy. Which of the following describes an ectopic pregnancy? A. a condition in which the mother's immune system reacts against the fetus's blood because of an incompatibility in blood cell type B. death of the fetus from natural complications before the 20th week of pregnancy C. implantation of the fertilized egg in the fallopian tube D. a set of birth defects that affect a fetus that has been exposed to alcohol during pregnancy

C An ectopic pregnancy cannot proceed to full term. Symptoms include abdominal pain early in the pregnancy, weakness, and faintness. Surgery or medical treatment is required immediately.

The ovaries make the hormones estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT A. regulating the monthly release of an egg. B. causing the reproductive organs to mature into their adult shape and size. C. strengthening the muscles. D. causing the growth of pubic and underarm hair.

C Estrogen helps strengthen the bones.The monthly breakdown and shedding of the uterine lining is called menstruation.

Which of the following problems of the male reproductive system can be prevented by abstaining from sexual activity? A. jock itch B. testicular torsion C. STDs D. all of the above

C STDs are diseases transmitted by sexual contact that involves the sex organs, the mouth, or the rectum. There may be no symptoms, or sores or discharge may be present. Medical treatment is required.

Prostate cancer occurs primarily in A. children. B. young men. C. older men. D. women.

C When men become older, testosterone causes the prostate gland to enlarge. The gland can enlarge in a cancerous or noncancerous fashion. Prostate cancer can be found early during physical examinations or blood tests. Delaying treatment can be deadly.

Which of the following statements about breast cancer is false? A. Breast cancer is a disease that occurs primarily in older women. B. Females are at risk for breast cancer if the disease runs in the family. C. Women should have their breasts checked monthly by a doctor. D. A mammogram can detect breast cancer.

C Women should do a breast self-exam every month in order to check for differences in the breast from one exam to the next. If you detect any changes, tell your parents and contact your doctor. Your doctor should examine your breasts yearly.

Identify which of the following is not a risk factor for sexual activity. using alcohol and drugs c. dating someone significantly older having sexually active friends d. dating in group

D

Cystitis is one problem that can occur in the male reproductive system. Which of the following describes cystitis? A. a bulging of a portion of the intestines or other structure through a weakness on the abdominal wall B. failure of one or both of the testes to move from the abdomen to the scrotum during fetal development C. abnormal division of cells in the testes D. inflammation of the urinary bladder

D Cystitis is usually due to a bacterial infection. Symptoms include inflammation of the bladder, burning during urination, bloody or strong-smelling urine, and fever. Cystitis is treated with antibiotics prescribed by a doctor.

Which of the following is the final stop on the path of a healthy relationship? A. initial attraction B. friendship C. lifelong love D. any of the above

D Healthy relationships develop gradually along a path that includes initial attraction, friendship, close friendship, deep friendship, and lifelong love. A relationship can stop anywhere on this path and still be satisfying.

Which of the following statements about the menstrual cycle is true? A. One event, menstruation, occurs during the menstrual cycle. B. The menstrual cycle should last only 28 days. C. All women release an egg on day 14 of the menstrual cycle. D. The menstrual cycle is a healthy part of a woman's development.

D Ovulation and menstruation are totally normal developments in the life of a growing female.

Summarize reasons that relationships are important during the teen years.

Developing relationships with others is part of forming your own identity

Summarize the changes that occur in a baby during early child development.

Fastest period of growth is from birth to 1 year. Babies begin to be able to (usually in this order) Raise their heads Smile at people they recognize Roll over Make cooing sounds Sit up, control their heads Crawl Walk Toilet training

List things a female can do to keep her reproductive system healthy.

Gently wash the genital area every day with warm water and mild soap. Do not use feminine hygiene sprays and powders. Wipe the vaginal opening from front to back after urination. Change sanitary napkins or tampons every 4-6 hours when menstruating. Have an annual pelvic exam with a doctor. Do a breast self-exam each month. Exercise regularly and maintain a balanced diet

Summarize why dating in groups is a good idea for teens

Group dating allows you to get to know the other person without the pressure of being alone; you will be able to observe his/her behavior while in a group reduces the pressure to participate in sexual activity or other risky behaviors

Distinguish between a casual friendship and a deep friendship

In casual friendship, 2 people may be attracted to each other and want to get to know each other better; as they get to know each other, they find that have some things in common In deep friendship, 2 people confide in, trust, and support each other

Describe the role of the female reproductive systems.

Make eggs Provide a place to support and nourish a developing human Make female hormones, estrogen and progesterone

Identify how fetal alcohol syndrome is prevented during pregnancy

Mother needs to completely avoid alcohol during the entire pregnancy.

Summarize the path of the egg through the female reproductive system.

Ovary fallopian tube uterus

State the functions of the male reproductive system

Produce sperm and deliver it to the female reproductive system. Testes produce testosterone, the male hormone responsible for: secondary sex characteristics and necessary for production of sperm

Explain why it is important to abstain from all types of sexual activity

Some sexual activity, while not sexual intercourse, can still transmit a STD (aka STI). Sometimes sexual activity progresses to sexual intercourse.

Order the path of sperm through the following male reproductive organs: penis, urethra, vas deferens, testes, and epididymis.

Sperm are made inside the seminiferous tubules in testes epididymis (tightly coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored) vas deferens (long tube in which sperm are mixed with fluid made by accessory glands) urethra and penis (carries sperm out of body) Testesepididymisvas deferensurethrapenis (TEVUP) Sperm leaves the body through the urethra - tube in penis which carries both urine and sperm to the outside, although they do not both leave at the same time. 3 accessory glands add fluid to the sperm and mixture is called semen The fluid nourishes and protects the sperm from acid. (help sperm survive)

symptoms of inguinal hernia.

Symptoms of inguinal hernia Abnormal bulge in abdomen, groin, or scrotum Sense of heaviness, fullness, or pain

Compare the symptoms of female reproductive problems, menstrual cramps and vaginitis

Symptoms of menstrual cramps Contractions of uterine muscles Lower abdominal pain Occasional nausea and vomiting Symptoms of vaginitis (itis means inflammation of) irritation or itching around the vagina vaginal secretions of unusual color and/or unpleasant odor

symptoms of testicular cancer

Symptoms of testicular cancer lump on testes, enlargement of testes sense of heaviness in the scrotum May not have any symptoms

Describe the importance of prenatal care for keeping healthy before and during pregnancy.

The baby's health is impacted by parents' health and habits even before pregnancy occurs. Toxins can harm sperm or egg. Deficiency of the folate vitamin before pregnancy (and during pregnancy) may cause birth defects such as spina bifida. Prenatal care is to ensure that both mother and baby are healthy; also to educate mom regarding pregnancy, baby care. Monitor that baby is growing and developing normally Monitor for development of any complications for mom and baby

Describe the changes that occur in the female reproductive organs during the menstrual cycle.

The changes that occur during the menstrual cycle are controlled by hormones. Levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) increase and cause the maturation and release of an egg. (The egg is in the ovary, matures in the ovary, and ruptures out of/ released from the ovary when it is then swept into the fallopian tubes to be carried to the uterus.) At the same time, increasing levels of estrogen cause the lining of the uterus to build up (preparing to be able to nourish a fertilized egg, should one arrive). Following ovulation (release of egg from ovary) high levels of estrogen and progesterone further thicken and maintain lining of uterus. If pregnancy does not occur, levels of estrogen and progesterone fall leading to the discharge of the lining of the uterus (menstruation).

Which of the following statements about the development of a baby during the third trimester is false? A. The fetus gains most of its weight. B. The fetus can practice opening his or her eyes. C. The fetus's skin becomes very smooth. D. The nervous system is fully developed.

The fetus's nervous system continues to develop after birth.

Describe how a life begins

Union of an egg from female and sperm from male; (sperm penetrates the egg) This usually occurs in the fallopian tube and it takes only one sperm to fertilize an egg. After fertilization, changes occur to the egg that prevents any other sperm from entering, which keeps the correct # of chromosomes - half from mom and half from dad. This process is usually a result of sexual intercourse (although there are scientific procedures which can now also accomplish this - in vitro fertilization) The fertilized egg will then begin dividing as it travels down the fallopian tube to the uterus. When it reaches the uterus, it implants into the uterine wall - (this process is called implantation and the fertilized egg is now known as an embryo. ).

List things a male can do to keep his reproductive system healthy

Wear appropriate protective gear when playing contact sports Avoid wearing tight clothing Wash penis and scrotum every day, dry carefully after showering. If not circumcised, wash underneath the foreskin. Perform a monthly testicular self-exam. Have an annual checkup with a doctor.

embryo

a developing human, from fertilization through the first 8 weeks of development; a fertilized egg after it has attached itself to the wall of the uterus.

pap smear

a medical procedure in which cells from the cervix are removed and tested for cancer

internal pressure

an impulse a person feels to engage in a behavior (e.g. of internal pressures to have sex include desire, hormones, feeling a strong attraction for someone)

sexually transmitted disease (STD) / sexually transmitted infection (STI)

an infectious disease that is spread by sexual contact.

sexual activity

any activity that includes intentional sexual contact for the purpose of sexual arousal.

protective factor

anything that helps someone from becoming involved in harmful behavior

Identify the development that occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy.

arms and legs form

A female has all the eggs she will ever have already in her ovaries when?

at birth. Under the influence of hormones, these eggs will mature and burst out of the ovary (process called ovulation) - usually 1 egg a month

Identify which of the following actions is a "do" of dating. being prompt talking as much as possible being nervous making all decisions

being prompt

Top 5 protective factors

close relationship with parents/guardians being involved in school activities good performance in school practicing religious beliefs being committed to remaining sexually abstinent

abstinence

conscious decision not to participate in sexual activity and the skills to support that decision; a decision to refrain from sexual activity in the immediate future. For those who have already been sexually active, abstinence means making a decision to refrain from further sexual activity until marriage. If they are still in a relationship in which they have already had sex, they need to explain their decision to their partner and make sure they know and respect their new boundaries for sexual activity.

fertilization of the eggs usually occurs in the

fallopian tubes

Differences in values and character don't matter when choosing a dating partner true or false?

false they are significant

By the end of the sixth month, all of the baby's major body structures are formed true or false

false, end of third trimester

ovaries

female reproductive organ(s) that produce eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Emotional benefits of abstinence:

free from worry and stress about STDs and pregnancy allowing time to develop the maturity needed to make important decisions avoiding being manipulated or used by others having an increased sense of self-control and self-respect staying true to your personal values, such as respect, honesty, and morality

Social benefits of abstinence:

freedom to pursue a variety of friendships less complicated relationships ability to focus on interpersonal aspects of relationship better relationships with parents and other trusted adults chance to learn to build strong, lasting relationships based on mutual trust and respect better reputation among peers

Ways to avoid pressure situations:

identify situations that could lead to sexual activity (being alone with your date) and avoid them. avoid alcohol and other drugs - they can impair your judgement prepare in advance what you can say if your date tries to pressure you share your goals with your date so he/she is aware of them choose dating partners that share your values about abstinence Avoid these risk factors for sexual activity: dating someone older taking drugs and alcohol having friends who are sexually active

Fertilization usually occurs

in the fallopian tube.

Determine which of the following is an emotional benefit of sexual abstinence better relationship with parents not getting an STD increased sense of self-control all of the above

increased sense of self-control

The 2 types of pressure to become sexually active.

internal and external pressures

If it is not fertilized

it will exit the uterus through the vagina, along with the lining of the inner uterine wall - process called menstruation.

If the egg is fertilized

it will implant into the uterine wall

outercourse

kissing, touching, and possible mutual masturbation It is incorrect to believe that sexual activity short of intercourse is not really sex

Determine which of the following is a social benefit of abstinence less complicated relationships increase in self-esteem not getting pregnant not getting an STD

less complicated relationships

Discuss how remaining sexually abstinent can help you achieve your future goals.

more able to focus on school and goals able to pursue your education and career becoming sexually active can bring many distractions that can interfere with focus and goals and becoming a young parent can make it very difficult to pursue an education and career

During pregnancy Mother needs to be monitored for

nutrition, blood pressure, any diseases and problems with any of these needs to be dealt with for the safety of the baby. Tobacco (including 2nd hand smoke), alcohol, and other drugs used by mother can be harmful to fetus. Good nutrition is needed throughout pregnancy - why prenatal vitamins are started as soon as possible after pregnancy occurs. Any disease parents may have impacts baby; This very important to be aware of any of these and Detection of any genetic problems with baby Moderate exercise by mom - improves circulation (how baby receives nutrients and gets rid of waste) and also prepares mom for labor. Monitor mom's blood pressure

circumcision

operation in which a fold of skin called the foreskin, is cut from around the top of the penis

Eggs are produced in the

ovaries

external pressure

pressure a person feels from another person or group to engage in a behavior

functions of testosterone

produced by testes necessary for sperm production responsible for male sex characteristics

emotional intimacy

sharing thoughts and feelings, learning to trust each other, caring for and respecting others

Communicating Effectively - List 4 ways other than sexual activity to show someone that you care.

spending time together supporting each other's' interests caring and support during difficult times making them dinner, inexpensive gifts becoming sexually active adds pressures, interferes with getting to know each other well, and reduces the chance of developing a lasting relationship alcohol and other drugs reduce inhibitions and increase the likelihood of a person engaging in sexual activity

placenta

structure that enables an embryo to obtain nutrients from its mother

uterus

the female reproductive organ that provides a place to support a developing human

fallopian tube

the female reproductive organ that transports eggs from the ovary to the uterus

prenatal care

the healthcare provided for a woman during her pregnancy

testis

the male reproductive organ that makes sperm and testosterone. (testis - singular, testes - plural)

State the most important thing to know about a person you plan to date.

the person's character Look for someone who: is unselfish treats others well is tolerant and respectful has similar morals and values is fun to be with respects himself/herself

sperm

the sex cell that is produced by the testes and that is needed to fertilize an egg

Describe how to maintain a healthy relationship with your date

treat the other person the way you want to be treated be prompt (being late make you appear unreliable or uninterested) be courteous and polite do not be selfish, be willing to do activities that your date enjoys (as long as it does not go against any of your standards and morals) do not break a date unless absolutely necessary - never because something better came along say "thanks" and let your date know you had a good time follow the rules that both your and your date's parents have set If a couple decides to break up, this also should be done respectfully. It is best to talk the situation over with the other person and explain that you think it would be good to see other people. It is not OK to just stop seeing them, through someone else or a text.

the mAJOrity of high school students have never had sex

true

Name of tube that sperm and urine travel through in the male

urethra

The number of eggs produced by women each month

usually only 1

Distinguish the event that occurs during stage 3 of childbirth. a. water breaks c. baby's head emerges b. cervix dilates dl uterus expels placenta

uterus expels placenta

Describe the 2 types of resistance that you can use against external pressure.

verbal non-verbal both your verbal and non-verbal message should be clear and firm to avoid any confusion or question your conviction from a mixed message

characteristic for which the "twos" are known for (what is a major developmental happening of 2 year olds) ??

walks and talks

List reasons a teen might want to date

way to get to know each other help develop friendships explore characteristics they may like in a future spouse allows you to find out what different types of people are like helps you find out to whom you relate most easily learn how to resolve disagreements and communicate more effectively can enrich your life by providing emotional support during a challenging period of your life

fertilization

when a sperm joins with an egg

Benefits of abstinence: List the health benefits of remaining sexually abstinent.

will not become pregnant will not contract a STD (which could lead to cancer, inability to have children, or even be fatal)