Health Promotion evolve chapter 1

The client who would be least likely to participate in health teaching activities would choose which model? a. Clinical model b. Adaptive model c. Role performance model d. Eudaimonistic model

a. Clinical model The clinical model of health has the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health. People who use this model of health to guide their use of health care services may not seek preventative health services, or they may wait until they are very ill to seek care. Personal responsibility for health may not be a motivating factor for this individual because the provider is responsible for dealing with the health problem and returning the person to a state of health. Attempts at health-promoting activities may not be effective with this person. The role performance model has the ability to perform social roles as indicative of health. This model is the basis for work and school physical examinations and physician-excused absences. The adaptive model of health has the ability to adapt positively to social, mental, and physiological changes indicative of health. The eudaimonistic model of health uses exuberant well-being as indicative of health. This model is also more congruent with integrative modes of therapy.

Which of the following agencies or initiatives have been driving forces in health care reform and the prevention of disease in society? (select all that apply) a. Healthy People b. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act c. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare d. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

a. Healthy People Public health has always had the prevention of disease in society as its focus. Over the past 30 years, the promotion of health and individual responsibility moved to the forefront within public health. A key milestone in promoting health was the advent of Healthy People, related to the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is now responsible for the Healthy People objectives. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Acts are not associated with the prevention of disease in society. c. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Public health has always had the prevention of disease in society as its focus. Over the past 30 years, the promotion of health and individual responsibility moved to the forefront within public health. A key milestone in promoting health was the advent of Healthy People, related to the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is now responsible for the Healthy People objectives. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Acts are not associated with the prevention of disease in society. d. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public health has always had the prevention of disease in society as its focus. Over the past 30 years, the promotion of health and individual responsibility moved to the forefront within public health. A key milestone in promoting health was the advent of Healthy People, related to the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is now responsible for the Healthy People objectives. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Acts are not associated with the prevention of disease in society.

What are the two overarching goals of Healthy People 2010? (select two that apply) a. Increase quality and years of life b. Eliminate health disparities c. Create access to preventive services for all. d. Increase the span of healthy life

a. Increase quality and years of life Healthy People 2010 set out two overarching goals. They are to: increase quality and years of healthy life, and eliminate health disparities. Healthy People 2000 set out three broad goals. They were to: increase the span of healthy life, reduce health disparities, and create access to preventive services for all. b. Eliminate health disparities Healthy People 2010 set out two overarching goals. They are to: increase quality and years of healthy life, and eliminate health disparities. Healthy People 2000 set out three broad goals. They were to: increase the span of healthy life, reduce health disparities, and create access to preventive services for all.

Health is considered to be a metaparadigm for nursing and includes which of the following components? (select all that apply) a. Person b. Health c. Environment d. Nursing e. Psychosocial wellness

a. Person Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person's potential and is experienced within a developmental context. Health is considered to be part of the metaparadigm for nursing, which includes the four components of person, health, environment, and nursing. Health encompasses spiritual, developmental, and environmental aspects over time. Psychosocial wellness is not considered to be one of the four components of the metaparadigm b. Health Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person's potential and is experienced within a developmental context. Health is considered to be part of the metaparadigm for nursing, which includes the four components of person, health, environment, and nursing. Health encompasses spiritual, developmental, and environmental aspects over time. Psychosocial wellness is not considered to be one of the four components of the metaparadigm for nursing. c. Environment Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person's potential and is experienced within a developmental context. Health is considered to be part of the metaparadigm for nursing, which includes the four components of person, health, environment, and nursing. Health encompasses spiritual, developmental, and environmental aspects over time. Psychosocial wellness is not considered to be one of the four components of the metaparadigm for nursing. d. Nursing Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person's potential and is experienced within a developmental context. Health is considered to be part of the metaparadigm for nursing, which includes the four components of person, health, environment, and nursing. Health encompasses spiritual, developmental, and environmental aspects over time. Psychosocial wellness is not considered to be one of the four components of the metaparadigm for nursing.

Nurses in the school setting can participate in health promotion activities through creating nut-free schools. This would protect hypersensitive children from life-threatening allergic reactions to peanuts and other nut products. This type of program is an example of which of the following interventions? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Emergent

a. Primary Primary prevention interventions are considered health protection when they emphasize shielding or defending the body (or the public) from specific causes of injury or disease. An example is creating nut-free schools to protect hypersensitive children from life-threatening allergic reactions to peanut and other nut products. Such initiatives have largely been the result of grassroots parent organizations working with formal community organizations to adopt policies that protect the health of these children. Nurses may be involved in the parent organizations or the school or public health boards that review the proposed policies. Secondary prevention ranges from providing screening activities and treating early stages of disease to limiting disability by averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease. Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. Emergent care is not associated with health promotion activities.

The nurse is teaching about primary prevention and includes which educational statement in the instructions? a. Everyone should participate in colorectal cancer screening. b. Health teaching about the risk factors of heart disease should be performed. c. Limiting disability is a vital role of nursing since preventive measures are therapeutic. d. The nurse is involved in minimizing the effects of disease and disability by surveillance and maintenance.

b. Health teaching about the risk factors of heart disease should be performed. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. Primary prevention intervention includes health promotion, such as health teaching about risk factors for heart disease, and specific protection, such as immunization against hepatitis B. Its purpose is to decrease the vulnerability of the individual or population to disease or dysfunction. People are taught to use appropriate primary preventive measures. Screening is secondary prevention because the principle goal is to identify individuals in an early, detectable stage of the disease process. Delayed recognition of disease results in the need to limit future disability in late secondary prevention. Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. The process is minimizing the effects the disease and disability by surveillance and maintenance activities aimed at preventing complications and deterioration.

The nurse assesses a community for evidence of health-promotion strategies. Which of the following are health-promotion strategies? (select all that apply) a. Seeking primary care in the acute care hospital b. Self-care for minor illness c. Entry into acute care facilities to manage chronic illness d. Environmental changes to enhance clean air e. Supporting Habitat for Humanity house construction

b. Self-care for minor illness Health-promotion strategies go beyond providing information. It is proactive decision making at all levels of society. Strategies identified within this decision-making process are screening, self-care for minor illness, readiness for emergencies, successful management of chronic illness, environmental changes to enhance positive behaviors, and health-enhancing policies within an organizational setting. Health-promotion efforts focus on maintaining or improving the general health of individuals, families, and communities through support of housing at the public and community level; and at the personal level by voting and volunteering for improved low-income housing. d. Environmental changes to enhance clean air Health-promotion strategies go beyond providing information. It is proactive decision making at all levels of society. Strategies identified within this decision-making process are screening, self-care for minor illness, readiness for emergencies, successful management of chronic illness, environmental changes to enhance positive behaviors, and health-enhancing policies within an organizational setting. Health-promotion efforts focus on maintaining or improving the general health of individuals, families, and communities through support of housing at the public and community level; and at the personal level by voting and volunteering for improved low-income housing. e. Supporting Habitat for Humanity house construction Health-promotion strategies go beyond providing information. It is proactive decision making at all levels of society. Strategies identified within this decision-making process are screening, self-care for minor illness, readiness for emergencies, successful management of chronic illness, environmental changes to enhance positive behaviors, and health-enhancing policies within an organizational setting. Health-promotion efforts focus on maintaining or improving the general health of individuals, families, and communities through support of housing at the public and community level; and at the personal level by voting and volunteering for improved low-income housing.

Four distinct models have been used to describe concepts of health. Which of the following statements accurately describes some of the models used? (select all that apply) a. In the clinical health model, health and illness are defined by signs and symptoms of disease. b. The role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles. c. The clinical model is the basis for occupational health evaluations. d. In the adaptive model of health, people's ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their health. e. In the eudaimonistic model, exuberant well-being indicates optimal health.

b. The role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles. The role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles. Role performance includes work, family, and social roles, with performance based on societal expectations. Illness would be the failure to perform roles at the level of others in society. In the adaptive model of health, people's ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their health. Illness occurs when the person fails to adapt or becomes maladaptive to these changes. In the eudaimonistic model, exuberant well-being indicates optimal health. This model emphasizes the interactions between physical, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment that contribute to goal attainment and create meaning. In the clinical model, health is defined by the absence, and illness by the conspicuous presence, of signs and symptoms of disease. The role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles. This model is the basis for occupational health evaluations. d. In the adaptive model of health, people's ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their health. The role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles. Role performance includes work, family, and social roles, with performance based on societal expectations. Illness would be the failure to perform roles at the level of others in society. In the adaptive model of health, people's ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their health. Illness occurs when the person fails to adapt or becomes maladaptive to these changes. In the eudaimonistic model, exuberant well-being indicates optimal health. This model emphasizes the interactions between physical, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment that contribute to goal attainment and create meaning. In the clinical model, health is defined by the absence, and illness by the conspicuous presence, of signs and symptoms of disease. The role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles. This model is the basis for occupational health evaluations. e. In the eudaimonistic model, exuberant well-being indicates optimal health. The role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles. Role performance includes work, family, and social roles, with performance based on societal expectations. Illness would be the failure to perform roles at the level of others in society. In the adaptive model of health, people's ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their health. Illness occurs when the person fails to adapt or becomes maladaptive to these changes. In the eudaimonistic model, exuberant well-being indicates optimal health. This model emphasizes the interactions between physical, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment that contribute to goal attainment and create meaning. In the clinical model, health is defined by the absence, and illness by the conspicuous presence, of signs and symptoms of disease. The role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles. This model is the basis for occupational health evaluations.

In addition to changes in ethnic and racial distribution within the population, it is expected that changes in __ distribution will affect health promotion practice. a. geographic b. environmental c. age d. social

c. age In addition to changes in the ethnic and racial distribution within the population, the projected changes in age distribution will affect health promotion practice. Considerable growth is expected in the proportion of the population that is 25 years of age and older. Analysis of population trends and projections helps health professionals determine changing needs. Additionally, analysis of the social and economic environment is necessary for developing social policy concerning health. Geographic, environmental, and social aspects are not expected means of impacting health promotional practices although social and environmental concerns determine health outcomes.

Public health nurses are involved in supporting active health promotion strategies such as: a. supporting clean water. b. advocating for vitamin D in all milk. c. supporting sanitary sewage systems. d. participating in an individual daily exercise program.

d. participating in an individual daily exercise program. Health-promotion strategies are either active or passive. Passive strategies involve the individual as an inactive participant or recipient. Examples of passive strategies include public health efforts to maintain clean water and sanitary sewage systems, and efforts to introduce vitamin D in all milk to ensure that children will not be at risk for rickets when there is little sunlight. Active strategies depend on the individual becoming personally involved in adopting a proposed program of health promotion. Examples of lifestyle changes are daily exercise as part of a physical fitness plan and a stress-management program as part of daily living.