Health Psychology Final
Which character BEST reflects the Type C personality?
"Perfect" Paula
People who text while driving make as many driving errors as do people with a blood alcohol content of ______.
.07
People who work more than 49 hr per week are ______ MORE likely to engage in risky drinking behavior than are people who work 35-40 hr per week.
12-13%
Having parents who smoke increases the risk that one will begin smoking by a factor of about ______.
2
As compared to older adults who failed to support others, older adults who provided emotional or instrumental support to others were ______ LESS likely to die during the next 5 years.
2 times
Randy and Morty both suffer from alcohol use disorder. Each has a twin: Randy has a fraternal twin, Ricky, and Morty has an identical twin, Marty. As compared to Ricky's risk for alcohol use disorder, Marty's risk is ______.
2 times higher
Every year, ______ people who have already had at least one heart attack have a second or subsequent attack.
200,000
Brett witnessed violence between his parents many times growing up. Longitudinal data suggest that Brett may be ______ times as likely to commit violence toward his own partner than he would have been had he grown up in a nonviolent home.
3
About ______ million Americans have diabetes.
30
A national study conducted following the release of the Real Cost campaign estimated that it led to a ______ decrease in smoking initiation by youths aged 11-18.
30%
It's a Monday in October. The Seattle Seahawks lost against the Rams yesterday. Seattleites are expected to consume almost ______ more saturated fats today than yesterday.
30%
Approximately 1 in ______ high school athletes experiences a concussion at some point.
5
Collins and colleagues (2001) found that, as a rough approximation, about ______ of 3,000 people diagnosed with HIV made positive health changes following the diagnosis, such as quitting smoking, increasing exercise, or improving one's diet.
50%
According to the textbook, more than ______ of those with diabetes have some type of sexual dysfunction.
65%
Recall the Big Five personality dimensions, sometimes called the Five-Factor Model of personality. Low agreeableness is to Type ______ as high neuroticism is to Type ______.
A, D
Sandy is a senior at a small liberal arts college. She enjoys a warm, collegial relationship with several faculty members in her department. For example, she consults regularly with Dr. Paine concerning the graduate school applications she is preparing. Dr. Paine is providing a type of social support called ______ support.
Appraisal
______ provides visual or auditory information about biological processes, allowing an individual to learn to control his or her physiological processes.
Biofeedback
Which emotion-focused coping strategy is correctly identified as generally positive or negative?
Distancing-negative
Smoking is negatively associated with ______.
Education, and income
Consider stressors, coping styles, and social support. Which pair is mismatched?
Emotional support, controllable event
___ is NOT an effect of sympathetic nervous system activit
Increased digestion
______ is NOT one of the components of the Type A personality.
Insecurity
Hardy individuals believe that they are in control of their lives and that they are not victims of circumstance. Hardiness should therefore be associated with an ______ locus of control.
Intrinsic
All else being equal, which individual is LEAST likely to experience an unintentional injury?
Jackie
Which statement BEST supports the idea that epigenetic factors are involved in obesity?
Men were at twice the risk of developing weight problems in adulthood if their mothers had lost their husbands during or immediately before the pregnancy
Which choice correctly pairs a period of the adult lifespan with the three leading causes of injury-related deaths, in order?
Middle adulthood, poisoning, car accidents, suicides
The number of daily hassles a person experiences is MOST likely ______ associated with the risk of brief ailments such as headaches and colds.
Positively
Dr. Navarre investigates the link between coping strategies and immune system functioning during stressful situations. Dr. Navarre is BEST described as a ______.
Psychoneuroinmmunologist
Which statement is MOST accurate with respect to the empirical evaluation of self-help programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)?
Rigorous randomized controlled trials (RCT) research indicates that AA is effective.
Which statement is FALSE with respect to the potential limitations of self-report measures of pain?
The use of self-report measure is limited to only few types of pain
According to research cited in the text (Ptacek, Smith, & Zanas, 1992), relationships account for one-______ of the stressful events that college students experience.
Third
T cell is to B cell as ______ is to ______.
Thymus, bone marrow
A graph relating the likelihood of an injury from a fall to age from 0 to 90 should show a
U shaped function
______ smoking, alcohol use is ______ associated with education level.
Unlikely, positive
A team of campus counselors creates a campaign called "More sleep, more hugs" to promote student wellness, is the campaign's title a good one, based on information provided in the text?
Yes. Sleep and social support are both positively associated with health
Ava is 6. If she were to die in the next year due to an unintentional injury, the MOST likely cause would be ______.
a car accident
The specificity and pattern theories of pain both assume that pain is ______.
a physiological phenomenon
As compared to its prevalence among European Americans, the prevalence of chronic disease among African American and Latinx people is ______
about 65-75% higher
A social efficacy component is ___ in the health belief model and__ in social cognitive theory.
absent, present
Chau is a recent immigrant from Vietnam. Now living in small shrimping community in southwestern Louisiana, she is struggling to learn English and feels confused and alone. Chau is especially vulnerable to ______ stress.
acculturative
With respect to strategies for preventing illness, changing behavior is to changing environment as ______ strategies are to ______ strategies.
active, passive
Abdul has just discovered his term paper is due tomorrow when he thought it was due next week. According to Hans Selye, Abdul will MOST likely experience the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
alarm
Patients with back pain are MOST likely to find that exercise ______.
alleviates their pain, even if the exercise does not relate specifically to the back
A recent examination of the brains of former National Football League players revealed that ______ showed signs of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
almost all
Miles clutches his chest as he experiences a sharp pain and a feeling of tightness. It passes quickly, but Miles worries that he may have a heart attack "for real" in the future if he doesn't make some changes. Miles has experienced ______.
angina
The eating disorder ______ has the highest mortality rate of all psychological disorders. About ______ of those diagnosed with the disorder ultimately die from it.
anorexia nervosa, 4%
F ant coping is to ______ coping as minimizing is to ______ coping
approach-focused; avoidance
City-wide smoking bans ______.
are effective in preventing smoking and in reducing smoking among light smokers
As compared to benign tumors, malignant tumors ______
are less similar to surrounding tissue
Clogged arteries are to ______ as hardened arteries are to ______.
atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis
Ahmed is writing an article for a popular "life hacks" site. He is considering the title, "Denial, Distraction, and Daydreaming: The Three Ds of ______ Coping."
avoidance
It is believed that placebos change patients' ______.
behavior as well as their physiological responses
Marisol is learning to control her heart rate and respiration while viewing visual displays of these processes. Marisol is using _____
biofeedback
According to the ______ theory, positive emotions expand the focus of attention and cognition, increasing the physical, intellectual, emotional, and social resources available to deal with stress.
broaden and build
Gwen eats huge amounts of food in a single sitting, then vomits and uses laxatives to purge the excess food. Gwen appears to suffer from ______.
bulimia nervosa
The textbook suggests that people with ______ are usually MORE motivated to seek treatment for an eating disorder than are people with ______.
bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa
With respect to eating disorders, ______ minus compensatory behaviors equals ______.
bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder
Overall, fear-based appeals___.
can be effective if they are carefully crafted
One disadvantage of programs that combine health education and stress management techniques is that they ______.
can be quite expensive
Bollinger and colleagues (2011) found that posting calorie and nutritional information at Starbucks caused customers to ______.
choose lower-calorie food options
The graphic image of diseased lungs and rotten teeth and gums that appear on cigarette packages in Canada and Australia depend for their effectiveness on a learning mechanism called ___.
classical conditioning
After dinner, Tammy enjoys two stimulants. Tammy MOST likely had ______.
coffee, cigarette
Deena's psychiatrist has asked her to monitor and record her thoughts and feelings related to bingeing and purging. In addition, she is completing a project reflecting her responses to the images of women she encounters in her social media use. Finally, Deena's psychiatrist has prescribed Prozac, an antidepressant. Deena is MOST likely completing a course of ______ therapy.
cognitive-behavioral
With respect to health behavior, structure is to process as ______ theories are to ______ theories.
continuum, stage
The term ______ refers to an individual's efforts to manage the stressful demands of a specific situation.
coping
Because Kai's illness is one of the MOST common chronic diseases experienced during childhood, there is a fair amount of online and real-life support for caregivers and families, even though there is no cure for it. Based on this information, Kai MOST likely suffers from ______.
cystic fibrosis
Relative to other causes of death, unintentional injuries ______ in rank across the adult lifespan
decreases
The risk of being a victim of homicide ______ across the lifespan.
decreases
Which psychological method is especially useful for managing pain in children?
distraction
The textbook notes that preventing deaths by ______ is one of the BEST illustrations of the value of providing skills training.
drowning
Colin is HIV+. And the end of each day, Colin and his partner each tell the other at least one thing they are thankful for that day. This is an example of a(n) ______-focused coping strategy called ______.
emotion, postive reappraisal
With relation to standard medical care, religious beliefs are BEST seen as a(n) _____
enhancement
People with chronic diseases are especially likely to hide their condition from others if the disease is stigmatized. Stigmatized conditions include AIDS and ______.
epilepsy
Abby tries to encourage her elderly mother to get at least a little exercise. Abby is worried that her mother's sedentary lifestyle might increase her mother's risk of ______, the leading cause of injury-related deaths among older adults.
falls
An 18-year-old woman is seeking treatment for bulimia nervosa. She and her family are considering cognitive-behavioral therapy, family therapy, and supportive-expressive therapy. Of these approaches, ______ therapy is probably the MOST effective, and ______ therapy is probably the LEAST effectiveAn 18-year-old woman is seeking treatment for bulimia nervosa. She and her family are considering cognitive-behavioral therapy, family therapy, and supportive-expressive therapy. Of these approaches, ______ therapy is probably the MOST effective, and ______ therapy is probably the LEAST effective
family; supportive-expressive
Approximately one in ______ American adults report experiencing back pain in the last 3 months
four
At any given time, one in ______ Americans is dieting.
four
Ezzie is HIV+ and is experiencing suicidal ideation. Ezzie is not alone; one in ______ of those diagnosed with HIV has contemplated suicide.
four
The MOST common illicit drug in the United States is marijuana, a(n) ______.
hallucinogen
As compared to married cancer patients, single cancer patients are more likely to ______.
have metastatic cancer
Val has become diabetic. Her doctor gave her a lot of information about the psychological and physical symptoms of diabetes, and about how diabetes is treated. Val's family can expect that this information will ______.
help Val feel in control of her condition
With respect to heart disease, the "active ingredient" in the Type A personality is ______.
hostility
The precaution adoption process model differs from the transtheoretical model of health behavior change in that it___.
identifies more stages at the beginning of the health behavior change process
Wes is HIV+. As a client at a local nonprofit organization for HIV+ people and their families, Wes receives regular counseling, assistance in scheduling and transportation to medical appointments, and reminders to adhere to treatment regimens. This type of patient support program should ______.
improve not only Wes's quality of life, but also reduce his physical symptoms
In the view of the textbook's author, the biomedical model of health is BEST described as ___.
incomplete
With respect to health-promotion messages, tailored is to __ as targeted is to___.
individual, group
Which personality trait is NOT positively associated with smoking among adolescents?
introversion
Data from a sample of high-school girls (Halpern and colleagues, 1999) suggests the hypothesis that the likelihood that a girl is dating is ______ correlated with BMI.
inversely
The leading cause of cancer deaths ______.
is the same for men and women, it is lung cancer
Biofeedback is NOT widely used for managing pain because ______.
it is time-consuming and expensive
Of those with bulimia nervosa, ______ have had thoughts of suicide
just over 50%
As compared to those receiving medication for migraines, chronic migraine patients who receive massage therapy report experiencing ______.
less pain and more headache free days
Nichter and Nichter (1991) found that among adolescent girls, the "ideal girl" has a BMI of ______, which is considered ______.
less than 16, anorexic
As compared to generic weight loss message, tailored messages are ___ effective for obese women with an__ locus of control.
less, external
As compared to women, men are ______ likely to attempt suicide and ______ likely to die from it.
less, more
The newest stage model of health behavior change is the __. The far, the empirical support for this model is____.
medical anthropology
With respect to cognitive techniques for reducing pain, focused attention is a key element of both ______.
meditation and mindfulness
With respect to the evaluation of the effectiveness of social support groups for cancer patients, the research evidence is BEST described as ______.
mixed
As compared to women with breast cancer who are less involved in decision-making regarding their treatment and follow-up, women who are MORE involved in decision-making show ______.
more improvement for a long time
As compared to acute diseases, chronic diseases ______.
more often begin asymptomatically
Of those smokers who have experienced a heart attack or surgery resulting from lung cancer, ______ continue to smoke cigarettes.
more than half
Chronic diseases constitute ______ of the top 10 causes of death.
most
To dull her arthritis pain, Sadie takes two over-the-counter anti-inflammatory pills containing mainly acetaminophen. These pills are MOST likely to block pain signals ______.
near the nociceptors
A health psychologist might expect a ______ correlation between hours of sleep each night and next-day calorie consumption.
negative
Dr. Gifford is an environmental psychologist. She is collaborating with Dr. Clarke, a health psychologist. Gifford and Clarke should find a(n) ______ correlation between scores on measures of census tracts' walkability and the prevalence of diabetes in those tracts. Higher scores on the walkability measure indicate that a census tract is more walkable.
negative
In Skinnerian terms, tension-reduction theory suggests that alcohol use is maintained through ______.
negative reinforcement
In the management of chronic disease, modest amounts of exercise--say, 2.5 hr per week—can
not only encourage weight loss and relieve depression but also slow disease progression
With respect to the subfields of psychology, a(n)___ health psychologist is MOST likely to assist a firm in the oil-and-gas industry in protecting the safety and promote the wellness of offshore drillers.
occupational
Over ______ of the people living near a nuclear power plant in Japan experienced at least some symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder during a major 2011 earthquake.
one half
"Consuming more than four drinks in one day for women, or five drinks in one day for men" is a(n) ______ definition of ______ drinking.
operational, heavy
Scott and Jacquie volunteer with the Red Cross. Today, they are assisting a local fire department by installing free smoke detectors in homes in a low-income neighborhood to prevent fire fatalities. This is an example of a(n) ______ strategy to prevent injuries.
passive
A team of faculty and counselors at a large high school introduces a program of interventions across the curriculum aimed at encouraging such feelings as joy, happiness,hopefulness, and pride among the adolescent student body.
positive
Among a sample of low-SES mothers with young children, a health psychologist should expect a ______ correlation between the mothers' Social Readjustment Rating Scale scores and the number of injuries their children sustain.
positive
The significant links between health and such constructs as optimism, gratitude, resilience, and self-compassion validate the new and growing subfield of ______ psychology.
positive
Jackie loves the attention she receives from family members when she complains of pain. Jackie also relishes a day away from her workplace. These statements BEST illustrate the learning concepts of ______ and ______, respectively.
positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement
The amount of time that doctors and nurses spend providing direct patient care is ______ correlated with the level of stress that they experience
positively
After surviving breast cancer, Carol finds her closest relationships are deeper than they had been, and her spiritual life seems richer. Carol's example BEST illustrates ______.
post-traumatic growth
Which type of pain is correctly matched with an example?
recurrent acute pain--Sandy lies down to rid herself of a blinding migraine.
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are both linked to abnormalities in the neurotransmitter ______, which signals feelings of fullness, and the hormone ______, which triggers eating.
serotonin, leptin
Which choice BEST expresses the proportion of Americans who report elevated fear as a result of the increasing regularity of mass shootings over the past decade?
sizeable minority
In order, the top 2 preventable causes of cancer are ______.
smoking and obesity
Cocaine is to ______ as ______ is to depressant.
stimulant, Xanax
Compared to such variables as the severity of the disease and obesity, the use of passive coping strategies is a(n) ______ predictor of pain.
stronger
Increasing the experience of pain is to decreasing the experience of pain as ______ is to ______.
substance P, serotonin
At this point, the results of research aimed at identifying the personality traits associated with alcohol-related problems are BEST described as ______.
suggestive
Maranda and Gupta (2016) found that children with diabetes who reported caring for one or more pets at home were 2.5 times more likely to have control over their glucose levels than those who did not care for a pet. This result MOST likely reflects ______ research.
survey
_____prevention is illustrated by actions such as taking medicine to reduce the development of symptoms of AIDS once infected with HIV; engaging in regular physical therapy to recover from an injury; and following diet recommendations following a heart attack.
tertiary
Minimizing the damage caused by disease is to detecting disease at an early stage as ______ prevention is to ______ prevention
tertiary, secondary
Chan drinks four cups of coffee each day. One day, Chan skips the two cups he usually has in the morning, and he gets a terrible headache and finds he cannot concentrate. MOST specifically, Chan may be experiencing ______.
withdrawal
Which correlation coefficient might a researcher find between cortisol levels and scores on a measure of working memory capacity?
-3.5
Which correlation coefficient is a Dr. Williamson MOST likely to find between frequency of physical exercise and scores on a measure of locus of control, where higher scores indicate a more internal locus of control?
.32
Studies of high school and college students suggest that about ______ of adolescents and emerging adults engage in nonsuicidal self-injury, such as cutting
15%
Kiara and Tiana are both African American 21-year-olds. Neither smokes; neither is overweight. Both eat similar diets. Kiara, however, exercises 4 times each week; Tiana does not exercise. Tiana's risk of breast cancer is ______ times as high as Kiara's.
2
Cassileth and colleagues (1984).found that after about ______month(s) postdiagnosis, there is no differences in depression rates between healthy people and those with various chronic illnesses.
3
People in chronic pain are ______ times as likely to feel anxious or depressed as people who are not in pain.
3
Lorena suffers from major depressive disorder. All else being equal, Lorena's chances of experiencing a cardiac event are increased by ______. She ______ reduce this risk if she exercises extensively.
30%, can
A study of 74,000 women revealed that those who attended more than one religious service per week had a ______ lower mortality risk than did those who never attended religious services.
33%
Close to ______ of all Americans will be diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lives.
40%
More than a half-century ago, Beecher (1959) found that some pain reduction was reported by just over ______ of those given a placebo instead of the morphine they believed they were receiving.
40%
A longitudinal study of over 23,000 men found that those who didn't smoke, exercised regularly, and maintained recommended weight were almost ______ less likely to experience heart problems than were men with all of these risk factors (Lee and colleagues, 2009).
60%
Khya is picking up her 90-day chip at a local Narcotics Anonymous meeting. Being clean for 3 months is a real achievement, because about ______ of all relapses happen within 90 days of quitting a substance.
65%
A study of female college students found that during exam period, obese participants were ______ times more likely to "stress-eat" than were their nonobese counterparts.
7
Genetic factors may predict as much as ______ of the variation among people in BMI
70%
It is estimated that up to ______ of the effectiveness of a placebo may reflect the practitioner's attitude toward it.
70%
Rhonette is African American. She states that the results of the 2016 presidential election is a significant source of stress for her. She is not alone; nearly ______ of African Americans feel similarly.
70%
Cotton and colleagues (e.g., Cotton, Puchalski, and colleagues, 2006) have found that ______ of adults diagnosed with HIV report that the condition has strengthened their faith
75%
If one extrapolated an age trend mentioned in the textbook, one would estimate the risk of Alzheimer's disease at age 80 as ______.
80%
A medical research foundation is determining its priorities for funding. One of the directors advises the board that just over ______ cents of every health care dollar is spent on chronic diseases.
85
As much as ______ of cancers may be preventable.
85%
People who viewed extensive media coverage of the 2012 Boston Marathon bombing were ______ times more likely to experience high stress than were people who viewed little media coverage of the event.
9
According to the text, as many as ______ of the 1,300 people who die each year as a result of injuries sustained while riding a bicycle might have lived had they been wearing a helmet.
90%
Of those testing positive for any type of substance abuse, nearly ______ suffer from chronic pain.
90%
About ______ people die in each day in the United States from car accidents. ______ of these deaths could be prevented.
90, many
The familiar heart rate and blood pressure measures that open every doctor visit are assessments of the health of the ______ system.
Cardiovascular
______ drivers engage in riskier driving when they are in the presence of friends than when they are alone.
Adolescent, but not adults
Which sequence correctly orders the stages of the general adaptation syndrome, from first to last?
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Which individual is the BEST example of a Type A personality?
Andrew, a competitive, easily angered journalist
When it is cited in the wake of a stressor or a disappointment, the notion that God has a plan, reason, or schedule is BEST seen as a specific type of ______ coping called ______.
Approach focused, positive reappraisal
Which choice BEST captures the relationship among the concepts of emotion-focused, approach-focused, and problem-focused coping?
Approach-focused and avoidance coping are both types of emotion-focused coping
Aretha's BMI is 28. Jolene's is 32. Which statement is true?
Aretha is overweight, and Jolene is obese
Which behavioral approach to reducing pain is NOT based on relaxation?
BIofeedback
The stereotype of the suburbanite who presents a perfect, pretty picture to the world, scrupulously denying or repressing any hint of difficulty or unpleasantness, BEST illustrates the Type ______ personality.
C
Which statement BEST expresses recent historical trends in the leading cause of injury-related death in the United States?
Car accidents were the leading cause of injury related deaths, but drug overdose has now overtaken them
Combating irrational beliefs, relaxation and mindfulness training, and training in coping and stress management are all elements of ______ approaches to managing chronic disease.
Cognitive-behavioral
The term social ______ is used to describe how exposure to suicide or suicidal behavior in one's family, peer group, or through the media may result in an increase in suicide attempts.
Contagion
______ evidence suggests that light-to-moderate drinking is linked to ______ health than is abstaining.
Correlationall, better
Morrie is anxious, tense, and pessimistic. Morrie is BEST described as having a Type ______ personality.
D
Suicide has surpassed car accidents as the leading cause of death among children aged 10-14. This change reflects
Decrease in car accidents, increase in suicides
In states that legalized the recreational use of marijuana, the perception of the drug's harm ______, and its use ______.
Decreased, increased
"Mature trees" are a selling point often seen in real estate ads. Based on the textbook's discussion, is this a valid selling point?
Definitely. A tree canopy of 10% can reduce depression, stress, and anxiety among people of all income levels
All else being equal, the parents of an adolescent diagnosed with anorexia are BEST described as ______.
Demanding and disapproving
Which character is correctly matched to the eating disorder to which she is MOST susceptible, based on her description alone?
Depressed Debbie- bulimia
Continuum theories of health behavior do NOT include____.
the Transtheoretical model
The oldest continuum theory of health behavior is___.
the health belief model
Coronary heart disease is BEST described as ______
the leading cause of death among adults
Simon is faced with an overwhelming workload. Using problem-focused coping, Simon ______
Gets a deadline extended
Injuries are responsible for nearly ______ of the deaths of adolescents and young adults.
three-quarters
In the 1990s, Alanis Morissette sang that "a traffic jam when you're already late" is ironic. Although it actually may not be ironic, this situation is indeed a(n) ______.
Hassle
Which historical view is MOST consistent with the idea that both the mind and the body influence health?
Hippocrates' view that health depends on an equilibrium
Unintentional injuries do NOT include ______.
Homicides
______ therapy is NOT mentioned in the textbook as one of the contemporary therapeutic approaches to treating disordered eating.
Humanistic-existential
Doctors who prescribe pain medication often have to prescribe larger doses of the drug to a patient over time because of ______.
tolerance
Now in his late 40s, Scotty has abused alcohol since early adolescence. He experiences severe memory limitations, as well as daytime drowsiness and frequent disorientation. Scotty appears to suffer from
Korsakoff's syndrome
The buffering and direct-effects hypotheses make DIFFERENT predictions regarding the effects of social support when stress is ______.
Low
Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) measures ______.
Major life events
Research suggests that with respect to one's health, having a dog ______.
May save a person about two doctor visits per year
Social support is ______ associated with mortality.
Negatively
Which disease is NOT in the arthritis "family?"
Nephitis
Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between gate-control theory and neuromatrix theory?
Neuromatrix theory extends gate-control theory
With respect to models of nicotine addiction, physiological is to behavioral as the ______ is to the ______ model.
Nicotine fixed effect, affect-regulation
Consider the models of nicotine addiction presented in the textbook. Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between the nicotine regulation model and the nicotine fixed-effects model?
Nicotine regulation model extends the nicotine fixed effect model
As compared to the cold turkey approach to smoking cessation, nicotine fading is ______ effective.
twice as
Brendan must give an oral presentation in 10 min, at the start of his class. In response to this "threat" ______.
Norepinephrine is secreted
One of the most serious shortcomings of the internal-external hypothesis is that it ______ the sensitivity of ______ people to internal cues for eating.
Overestimates, non obese
Alex has trouble keeping his balance. His tremors and occasional weakness are making it difficult for him to accomplish routine tasks and complete the activities of daily living. Alex is MOST likely to be diagnosed with ______.
Parkinson's
Claire extends her left calf muscle then relaxes it, concentrating on the tension leaving the muscle as she does so. Claire then tenses and relaxes her left quadriceps, again noting the flow of tension from the area. Claire is engaged in ______.
Progressive muscle relaxation
Which statement BEST captures the distinction between the effects of religiosity and those of spirituality on health-related behaviors and feelings?
Religiosity affects health related behaviors, whereas spirituality affects health-related feelings
Which statement does NOT accurately state a limitation of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?
SRRS scores do not correlate with negative health outcomes
Adrenaline is to cortisol as ______ is to ______
Sympathetic adrenomedullary (SAM) system; hypothalamic-pituaitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
According to the text, "researchers believe that exposure to nature basically switches the body from the 'fight-or-flight' response . . . to a 'rest-and-digest' model." Exposure to nature therefore involves a switch from ______ nervous system activity to ______ nervous system activity.
Sympathetic, parasympathetic
Compared to the likelihood of a person of normal weight dying in a given time period, the mortality rate for people with a BMI over 40 is ______.
twice as high
______ most men, women tend to favor a ______ response to a stressful event
unlike, tend-and-befriend
Ellen receives a large tip from a customer. Ellen has experienced a(n) _____
uplift
Which choice BEST expresses the proportion of cancers that are influenced by inherited genetic factors?
a small minority
An individual's belief about whether others will support a new health behavior are a key element of a ___ model of health behavior called the___.
continuum, theory of reasoned action
Latrisha lives in a lower SES African-American neighborhood in a mid-sized city in the Southeast United States. The nearest grocery store is 2 miles away and is not served by public transit. The convenience stores in her neighborhood sell only alcohol, cigarettes, soda, and high-sodium or high-sugar snack foods. Latrisha lives in a ______.
food desert
Psychologists believe that work stress produces physical pain, rather than that physical pain leads to work stress. This conclusion is based on the results of ______ research.
longitudinal
Stress may impair the production of disease-fighting white blood cells called
lymphocytes
About ______ of all strokes and cases of heart disease worldwide are due to high blood pressure.
one-half
Based on the textbook's discussion, a health psychologist should expect a(n) ______ correlation between scores on an inventory of catastrophizing beliefs about pain and the frequency with which coping strategies such as avoidance and wishful thinking are used. Higher scores on the inventory indicate a greater tendency to catastrophize with respect to pain.
positive
The first stage of the transtheoretical model of health behavior change is___,and the last stage is___.
precontemplation, maintenance
In 1978, the province of Quebec in Canada banned fast-food advertising to children in television and print. With respect to obesity, this is an example of ______ prevention.
primary
A person's initial assessment of an event as challenging or stressful is called ______ appraisal, whereas their assessment of how to respond to the event is called ______ appraisal.
primary, secondary
The textbook's discussion of message framing suggests that gain-framed messages are to ______ prevention as loss-framed messages are to ______ prevention.
primary, secondary
Eddie has asthma. He knows that physical exercise is beneficial for not only his psychological well-being, but also the physical symptoms he experiences. Each day, he checks the pollen forecast on his weather app to see if it would be a good day for a brisk 30-min walk. Eddie's strategy reflects a coping strategy that psychologists called
problem focused
With respect to reducing the risk of recurring heart attacks, a health education program is LEAST likely to contain a unit on ______.
problem-focused coping
According to the textbook, "principles in health psychology can... be used to persuade people to seek medical care... to detect health problems at an early stage, when there are more treatment options available and these options..
tertiary, secondary?
Leake and colleagues (1999) randomly assigned patients with kidney disease to a group where they described their difficulties in coping with the illness, a group where people described the strategies they used to cope effectively with their disease, or to a control group where people saw a videotape on coping with dialysis. Results showed that with respect to relieving physical symptoms and depression
the "strategy" group was the most effective
Some researchers have hypothesized a link between the experience of discrimination and high blood pressure among people of color. This link has been found among ______.
working class African-Americans, but not professional African-Americans
Which sequence correctly arranges the types of pain medication with respect to their sites of action, from MOST peripheral to MOST central?
·analgesics, local anaesthetics, opioids