Health Science
One of the major issues with living wills is that many living wills fail to capture the complexity of medical situations, health, and advancing medical knowledge and technology.
true
Public hospitals have declined in the United States since the mid-1990s.
true
Some health science sites may restrict employees from wearing perfume or other scents.
true
The brain slowly loses weight during adulthood.
true
On average, male and female children are fairly similar in height and weight during childhood.
true
In the United States, about what percentage of physicians in "high-risk" specialties are the subjects of medical malpractice suits at some point in their careers?
100 percent
As of now, what is the maximum age that a person can live?
125 years
Sasha takes tap classes every week. She wants her mother to help her tie her tap shoes. At what age should Sasha's mom expect her to be able to tie her own tap shoes?
6
Fatima has a young daughter and does not want her to be surprised when she first experiences menstruation. She wants her daughter to understand what is happening. Fatima has prepared how she will go about explaining this process. At what age would it be MOST beneficial for Fatima to discuss this with her daughter?
9
Because development occurs in a cephalocaudal pattern for infants, how would holding a one-week old baby be different from holding a six-month-old baby?
A one-week old baby would need to have its head supported.
How does having health insurance affect a person's decisions about care?
A person who does not have health insurance may delay getting treatment.
Abdul is helping his grandfather put together a living will. He has downloaded a template of the form and is filling in the information his grandfather gives him. He asks his grandfather if they should direct the doctors to cut off artificial nutrition and hydration. His grandfather agrees since he does not want to be kept alive if he is deemed brain dead. Abdul then asks if his grandfather would like lifesaving efforts such as intubation to help him breathe if he cannot do so on his own. Abdul's grandfather gets frustrated, wondering why he must make all these choices. What might be the BEST way for Abdul to encourage his grandfather to answer all the questions in his living will?
Abdul should explain that the more specific his grandfather's living will is, the more likely he will receive the care he would like.
Ava is a triage nurse who must check in patients for surgery at the hospital. As she is taking down the information of a new patient, they mention that their religion prevents them from receiving blood transfusions. As a nurse, Ava disagrees with this position and knows that it causes the nurses a lot of hassle to treat a patient without the option of blood. What is the BEST way to show respect for this patient's right to fair treatment?
Ava should assure the patient that she has noted their information on the chart and that their rights will be respected.
Dara has a patient who is showing signs of a very rare virus. Personally, Dara has only ever read about this disease in textbooks. She is hesitant to diagnose the virus because it is such a wild notion. What organization would Dara MOST likely reach out to in order to get confirmation that her diagnosis is correct?
CDC
tertiary care
Care that is very specialized, such as inpatient care for individuals at sites providing advanced, specialized treatment and research
When a physician takes time to ask their patient about their culture and religious beliefs as it affects their choice of treatment, how can they show cultural brokerage?
Create a plan that allows for their preferences and beliefs.
Dara and Rohan plan to live together long into old age. They understand, though, that things will come up. They want to make sure that if one of them passes away, the other will be financially cared for. Since they can only afford one insurance policy, they decide to take out life insurance on Rohan. What is MOST likely the reason for this?
Dara, being a woman, is more likely to outlive Rohan.
Nonprofit Institutions
Does not make a profit above the costs of running the healthcare site.
The pediatric practice that Liam works for is being sued by distraught parents of a patient. The patient was written a prescription for one drug but because the doctor's handwriting was so hard to decipher, the pharmacist filled another drug instead. The patient did not sustain any health effects, but the parents are suing both the practice and the pharmacy. What advantage of electronic communication would Liam's boss MOST likely be interested in?
Electronic communication allows for easier to read directions.
trepanation
Involved drilling a hole into the skull of the patient in order to release intracranial pressure or for other reasons.
secondary care
Involves medical specialists and urgent, emergency care
informatics
Involves the acquisition, organization, and storage of information.
Jiao has been using the same program to fill prescriptions for several years. The way the page is set up, there is always a red box in the upper left-hand corner that contains allergy information for the patient. Jiao has a habit of glancing up into the corner to verify that the drug she is about to dispense is not dangerous for the patient. Her pharmacy makes some changes to the program, and suddenly allergy information is entered in the line between the patient's date of birth and address. What would be the BEST way for Jiao to remember to check the new place while filling prescriptions for her patients?
Jiao could put a sticky note reminding herself where to check.
Emma is a new nephrologist who has just seen a patient with advanced kidney failure. Her patient admits that he is still drinking alcohol, even though he knows that this is making his condition worse. Emma is frustrated and seeks out the advice of a more experienced nephrologist in her department. In order to protect her patient's confidentiality, what would Emma MOST likely do?
Make an appointment to meet in Emma's office to discuss the case one-on-one with the more experienced physician.
supportive healthcare
May include hospice workers that support and care for terminally ill people. Some therapies can be considered in the sense that they help individuals regain skills or learn to do things in a different way.
government healthcare
May serve populations that cannot afford the healthcare costs at other healthcare sites
Prisha has a patient who experienced a serious car accident and sustained damage to their spine. The patient had surgery to repair some of the damage to the spine, but they are still experiencing chronic pain. Since Prisha believes in integrative medicine, what would she MOST likely recommend to help her patient manage the pain?
Prisha would recommend that the patient see an acupuncturist for pain management.
A large hospital is making a new policy that medical personnel must double check the patient's identity before starting treatment. Every record is kept electronically so the medical personnel on staff keep a tablet with them to access patient records. What might be the BEST way for hospital administrators to remind the staff of the new policy?
Program the file to prompt for an identity check before opening.
Davi is a nurse on an intensive care ward. He is entering in records of medicine he gave to his patient after they ate breakfast. Davi begins to type 'acetaminophen' but the computer autocorrects him and enters 'acetone' instead. Davi is a hurry and saves the record to move on to the next patient. What could Davi do differently next time to avoid a mistake being saved to the patient's file?
Proofread carefully before he saves any changes to the file.
Sanjay is discussing test results with his patient, Hiro. Hiro's wife is also in the office to hear the news. Unfortunately, Sanjay tells Hiro that he has tested positive for a degenerative disease. Hiro's wife is understandably upset, and Hiro reaches out to comfort her. Still, he shows no emotion. Sanjay wants to make sure that Hiro has all the information he needs but he senses that Hiro is not from a culture where asking questions of authority figures is encouraged. What might be the BEST way for Sanjay to encourage Hiro to speak up?
Sanjay should gently tell Hiro that it is natural to have questions, and he is there to help.
According to Florence Nightingale, what contributed to deaths among soldiers who sustained injuries during the Crimean War?
She felt that unsanitary conditions caused the spread of infection.
Piper has finished a rigorous program of study at her local college. What step must she take before she is qualified to work as a registered nurse?
She must pass a licensing exam.
Fatima is an x-ray tech who is very excited because her lab has just received a shipment of new lead shields for use on patients. The box was delivered to the director's office but he asks Fatima to make sure the shields get to the appropriate rooms. Fatima bends over to lift the box, surprised at how heavy it is. What would be the BEST way for Fatima to move this box out of her boss's office without hurting herself?
Squat down and use her arm and leg muscles to lift the box.
Ivy's goal is to become a physical therapist who helps children recovering from traumatic injuries. In planning her career path, what resource would be LEAST likely to provide helpful information for Ivy?
The American College of Radiology
Juan is intent on becoming a cardiovascular technician. In planning his career path, what resource would be LEAST likely to provide helpful information for Juan?
The American Physical Therapy Association
health sciences
The application of various sciences to health.
diagnostics
The identifications of diseases, illnesses, and other conditions and the process by which the identification is made.
In a busy emergency room waiting room, a patient suddenly begins to vomit blood. The nurses quickly take him in, working to address what might be the issue. As the emergency team gets the patient stabilized, blood tests reveal that he has hepatitis B, which is a bloodborne pathogen. All of the nurses and staff members who were exposed to the patient are made aware of the potential issue. What other important step would need to be taken to keep someone from possibly being exposed to the patient's blood?
The surfaces in the waiting room need to be decontaminated.
vital signs
physiological statistics that are taken to assess and examine basic body functions
Jasmine is an emergency medical responder who is called to the scene of many motor vehicle accidents. Because she handles patients who are found unconscious and bleeding, Jasmine must always protect herself against bloodborne pathogens. What is the BEST way for Jasmine to help her patients while keeping herself safe?
Wear gloves and goggles whenever dealing with a bleeding patient.
Sasha is a nurse in the intensive care unit. The ICU has a dress code requiring that registered nurses wear green scrubs, while technicians and nursing assistants wear pink. Orderlies wear gray uniforms, while physicians wear blue scrubs with white lab coats. Sasha does not think she looks good in green, so she purchases blue scrubs for work. What issue might arise because Sasha is wearing blue scrubs?
When a patient has an emergency, someone might mistake Sasha for a physician.
Which would be an example of negligence?
While they turn their back to write some notes, a radiologist's patient slips off the exam table.
Greta is in for her yearly gynecologist's appointment. She has seen the same physician for 15 years, so she is surprised when the receptionist asks her to fill out a stack of new patient forms. When Greta asks why she must write down her entire medical history again, the receptionist explains that there was a power surge, and the office's computer systems were fried. This meant that they lost their entire patient records. Greta shakes her head because back when she was a nurse, everything was kept in written form. What would Greta say was the advantage of this?
Written forms face fewer risks of catastrophic loss than electronic records.
There is a rug just along the entryway of the lobby where Yusuke works as a medical clerk. The rug is heavy and useful when winter comes because it absorbs water easily and patients track in a lot of snow. The rubber backing of the rug keeps it in place. Yusuke notices that one corner of the rug is beginning to curl up. What should Yusuke do?
Yusuke should replace the rug because it might be a tripping hazard.
metric system
a decimalized system of measurement that originated in france
Liam is flying in to visit his brother and niece. This will be the first time that Liam meets the little girl. She is three years old, and he wants to bring her a present that would be just right. What would be the MOST age appropriate present for Liam to bring his niece at this stage?
a pack of large Lego blocks
Which society supplied the world with the first record of patient confidentiality?
ancient greece
teratogen
any substance or agent that interferes with the normal development of a fetus in the womb
biomedical engineers
apply engineering to medicine in order to create devices and aids meant to help patients with medical issues
X-ray tech Melissa is sent to the mailroom because there is a package waiting for her department. When she arrives, she notes that the box is large. Melissa knows that the radiologist ordered some replacements for their lead aprons and thinks that the box might contain them. In order to carry the box back to her department safely, how should Melissa position the box?
as close to her body as possible
After many years of school and clinicals, Grace finally gets her license as a registered nurse. She makes a comment to one of her classmates that she is looking forward to never stepping in a classroom again! Grace's classmate reminds her about continuing education requirements, at which Grace inwardly groans. Since Grace has spent so much time learning her trade, why is continuing education required after her graduation?
because medicine is constantly changing, and Grace needs to be up to date
Tom Brady is a famous football player. He is a quarterback who has played for his team for 20 seasons. Why is it so amazing to many that Tom Brady still plays football even in his 40s?
because physical development usually peaks in a person's 20s
quaternary care
care that is extremely specialized or experimental in nature
While listening to a commercial about a new drug, Ona hears the narrator say, "If you cannot afford this medication, the company may be able to help." She asks her mother what this means. Her mother explains that in some cases, companies are able to donate treatment to those who desperately need it but cannot afford it. What method of healthcare financing would this be an example of?
charitable donation assistance
To make ethical decisions easier for practitioners, what do many health science professions establish?
codes of ethics
theraputic
concerned with treating disease and healing individuals
Aliyah works as a triage nurse in a busy emergency room. She examines each patient who comes in, getting a rundown of their condition and complaint. In what part of health sciences does Aliyah work?
diagnostics
What did the practice of trepanation involve?
drilling a hole in the skull
The earliest surgery is thought to have taken place in which present day country?
egypt
Which legal document appoints a person to make medical decisions for another if this person is unable to make their own healthcare decisions?
power of attorney
Xavier just graduated from high school. It feels as if every person he meets asks him the same question: 'What are you planning to do?'. Xavier is frustrated because he is not entirely sure what he wants to do. He could attend college, or he could plan for a career. For the time being, Xavier is still living in an apartment over his parent's garage. What is the term for the stage of life that Xavier is most likely in?
emerging adulthood
What is it called when a physician actively helps a patient to end their life?
euthanasia
Babies heads' seem small when they are born because in the womb physical growth occurs more at the bottom of the body than the top.
false
Individuals typically explore different careers and identities during middle adulthood.
false
To lift an item from the floor, a person should bend at the waist and use the back muscles to lift the item.
false
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
first observed bacteria in 1676 with the help of a microscrope
Andreas Vesalius
flemish physician; sometimes credited as the father of modern human anatomy. he helped create modern neurology through his study of the brain
Dante bought a puzzle for his 18-month-old son. He thought it would be fun to work on the puzzle together. The first time he brought it out, his son touched all the pieces but showed little interest in putting them together. Dante put the puzzle away for a year or two. When he tried again, his son was so excited to try to match the pieces and create the picture. The fact that his son is now able to concentrate on completing a task is due to the development of what part of the boy's brain?
frontal lobe
public healthcare
funded by a variety of sources and open to anyone
Emma is a physical therapist who needs to get her patient moving after a knee replacement. The first step is to get her patient from the bed to the wheelchair so that she can attend physical therapy classes until she is ready to move on her own. What important piece of equipment could help Emma get her patient into the wheelchair?
gait belt
primary care
health services professionals who work in a community and provide the first point of care and consultation for local patients
occupational therapist
help people participate in the tasks and activities that they want or need to perform as part of their daily lives
Irena's coworker was sick last week, and now Irena is showing the same symptoms. Several of her workmates have called in sick. Irena's boss tells her to go home. She feels so badly that on her way home, Irena stops by an urgent care center. After taking her vitals and hearing the news about Irena's workmates, the doctor says that she has probably contracted a community-acquired infection. Which illness is Irena MOST likely fighting now?
influenza
Lucy is busy uploading scans of old x-rays into the hospital's new PACS system. This way, all the x-rays will be available to medical professionals in the system, allowing them to look at each x-ray on their computer monitor. In what part of health sciences does Lucy work?
informatics
Worried about her daughter's fever, Kiara contacts the pediatrician's office. Since it is after hours, no one is in the office. The pediatrician suggests that Kiara do a video call so that she can discuss her daughter's symptoms and formulate a plan. What type of telecommunication is this an example of?
interactive
hippocrates
known as the Father of medicine
systolic blood pressure
maximum blood pressure
respiratory rate
measured as the number of breaths per minute (60 seconds)
Title II of HIPAA deals with which topic?
medical records
diastolic blood pressure
minimum blood pressure
Rohan works as a therapist for a group dedicated to helping recovering alcoholics. His salary is paid by donations from corporations, as well as private citizens. Rohan's facility does not charge the patients for these therapy sessions but concentrates on helping them work through their issues. What kind of healthcare delivery service does Rohan MOST likely work in?
nonprofit
shaken baby syndrome
occurs when a baby is shaken and results in hemorrhaging and swelling that can cause brain damage or even death
private healthcare
owned by a for-profit company and the funding comes from patient and insurance payments
Anthony finished medical school and internship, landing a job at a busy city hospital. He enjoyed his job at first but soon realized that the influx of patients led to policies that he did not agree with. For instance, Anthony was expected to see 28 patients in a day. He felt that this did not give him enough time to properly assess and treat each patient. Anthony quit the hospital and opened a practice of his own. In this way, he can control how many patients he sees in a day, how much he charges for his services, and how much time he spends with each patient. What kind of healthcare delivery is Anthony now involved in?
private
At three years of age, Tasha was diagnosed with bone cancer. She has been treated at St. Jude's Hospital. Tasha has had to undergo several surgeries and chemotherapy. Her parents have not received any bills from St. Jude's, although this kind of treatment is usually very expensive. From what source does St. Jude's receive payment for Tasha's treatments?
private donations
Zara has been hired as the charge nurse for a busy city hospital. There are several nurses who report to Zara, but ultimately, they cannot do their job unless a charge nurse is there. Zara loves to travel and sometimes if she sees a good deal on airfare, she will spontaneously take a trip. What quality does Zara need to work on in order to fulfill her role more efficiently?
reliability
Ava is having trouble with an itchy rash on her skin. She mentions it to her doctor, who prescribes a steroid cream. Unfortunately, this does not seem to clear up Ava's issue. Her doctor suggests that Ava see a dermatologist who might have a better idea how to treat the rash. In this situation, what healthcare role is the dermatologist filling?
secondary care
Eight-month-old Marcus is rushed to the emergency room, unresponsive. His babysitter reports that Marcus was just fine, although a bit fussy, but suddenly lost consciousness. Doctors examine the baby, noting that he has evidence of bleeding in his eyes. They do a CT scan and find severe brain swelling as well as a fracture on Marcus's right arm. Along with contacting Marcus's parents, doctors contact the police as well. Based on his symptoms and the results of the CT, what medical issue do they MOST likely suspect Marcus is suffering from?
shaken baby syndrome
Zeke is assessing a young patient whose mother reports that he has a stomach bug. While Zeke is examining him, the boy suddenly vomits. Zeke is able to direct the boy to a bedpan but some of the vomit does splash on the sleeve of Zeke's scrubs. Why is it important for Zeke to change his shirt before tending to another patient?
so that Zeke does not pass a virus on to the next patient
Xander is a scientist who spends his days peering into a special microscope. He is attempting to build tiny robots that can be injected into a patient's bloodstream. The robots can be controlled by a computer and instructed to rebuild parts of the patient's artery. Xander doesn't have them ready just yet, but his prototypes are showing great progress. In what part of health sciences does Xander work?
technology
plasticity
the amount of change that is possible or the capacity for change
blood pressure
the amount of pressure placed on blood vessel walls by circulating blood
pulse
the arterial palpitation that occurs as blood is pushed from the heart into the blood vessels of the body
development
the changes or patterns of movement that individuals experience in their lives
hypothermia
the condition where the core body temperature drops below the level needed for normal body functioning
Fatima is a dermatologist who is treating a young patient for extreme eczema. The poor little boy's skin is so dry and irritated that it is cracked and bleeding in several places. Fatima writes a prescription for a cream that should soothe the child's skin and advises his mother to bathe him in cool water. When he comes back in for a follow up, his skin is in even worse condition. Fatima asks if the mother has been following her advice and she insists that she has. She says that she is using the cream on the boy and making sure he has hot baths every night. Fatima knows that the temperature of the water is contributing to the child's distress. What is MOST likely the reason that the mother used hot water instead of the cool water that Fatima advised?
the mother did not understand fatima's directions
heart rate
the number of heart beats within a given period of time
puberty
the rapid physical change experienced due to hormonal and body changes during adolescence
Oliver works for a healthcare system that has still not changed their records from paper to electronic. The records are kept on the bottom floor in a crowded storage room. When physicians need to access a patient's records, they must send someone down to search for them. What advantage of electronic records might Oliver's boss be MOST interested in?
they are much faster to access
Because of some medical issues, Destiny is in the hospital preparing for a hysterectomy. Before she is taken back for preoperative preparation, the nurse brings Destiny a form to sign. It states that Destiny understands that after she has a hysterectomy, she will no longer be able to become pregnant. What is MOST likely the purpose of this form?
to make sure Destiny is giving informed consent
emerging adulthood
transition from adulthood, generally happening between the ages of 18 and 25
By keeping their environment safe for patients and workers, healthcare organizations save money in the long run.
true
Closing doors can help reduce the spread of fire and smoke.
true
Culturally sensitive care is based on respect, knowledge, and negotiation.
true
Cytotechnologists may examine cells for abnormalities or disease.
true
E-prescribing tends to reduce the number of errors related to illegible handwriting on written prescriptions.
true