Health, Wellness, and Well-Being

Seven components of wellness

1) Environmental component 2) Occupational component 3) Intellectual component 4) Spiritual component 5) Physical component 6) Emotional component 7) Social component

Steps in Health Promotion-Illness Prevention Plan

1) Review and summarize data from assessment 2) Emphasize strengths and competencies of the client 3) Identify health goals and related behavioral change options 4) Identify behavioral or health outcomes indicating success from the client's perspective 5) Develop a behavior change plan based on the client's preferences and current knowledge about effective interventions 6) Reiterate benefits of change, concentrating on client-approved incentives 7) Address environmental and interpersonal facilitators and barriers to change 8) Determine a time frame for implementation 9) Formalize commitment to behavior change plan goals, and provide needed support.

Illness behavior

A coping mechanism, involves ways that individuals describe, monitor, and interpret their symptoms, take remedial actions, and use the healthcare system.

Illness

A highly personal state in which the individual's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished. Is NOT synonymous with disease and may or may not be related to disease.

Health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Wellness

A state of well-being including self-responsibility; an ultimate goal; a dynamic, growing process; daily decision making in areas of stress management, physical fitness, preventive health care, and emotional health; and, the whole being of the individual.

Well-being

A subjective perception of vitality and feeling well that can be described objectively, experienced, and measured... can be plotted on a continuum.

Disease

An alteration in body functions that reduces the capacities or shortens the normal life span.

Lifestyle choices

An individual's general way of life, including living conditions, and individual patterns of behavior, which are influenced by sociocultural factors and personal characteristics.

Age

Arteriosclerosis heart disease versus chicken pox.

Disease prevention

Averting development of disease in the future- occurs in 3 levels: Primary- health promotion before disease Secondary- early diagnosis, timely treatment Tertiary- minimize effects of disease

Health promotion

Behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize human health potential.

External variables

Choosing healthy or unhealthy activities.

Individual health is closely related to

Community health

Health beliefs

Concepts about health that individuals believe are true.

Assessment includes

Health history and physical examination, physical fitness assessment, lifestyle assessment, spiritual assessment, social support systems and review, health risk assessment, health beliefs review, and life stress review. Then the nurse and client review, validate and summarize the information together.

Self-concept

How an individual feels about the self and perceives the physical self and her needs, roles and abilities. Associated with an individuals definition of health.

Internal variables

Include biological, psychological, and cognitive dimensions like genetic makeup, age, sex, culture, and geographic environment. Also called nonmodifiable variables.

Psychological factors

Include mind-body interactions and self-concept. Like stress leading to diarrhea, cancer, etch.

Developmental level

Infants have limited defense against disease. Toddlers are prone to falls. Adolescents are prone to risk-taking behaviors. Older adults have limited response times.

Genetic makeup

Influences biological characteristics, innate temperature, activity level, and intellectual potential. Impacts susceptibility to specific diseases.

Gender

Influences distribution of disease- prostate cancer, osteoporosis,etc.

Health promotion

Initially expressed in 1979 with the U.S. Surgeon General's report Healthy People. Healthy People 2020 has four goals: 1) Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. 2) Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. 3) Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. 4) Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.

Cognitive factors

Lifestyle choices and spiritual and religious beliefs.

Domain 11: Safety/Protection

No Health Promotion diagnosis

Chronic illness

One that lasts for an extended period of time, usually 6 months of longer- slow onset with periods of remission and exacerbation.

Risk factors

Practices with potentially negative effects on health

Travis continuum

Pre-Mature Death<------------->High-Level Wellness Pre-Mature Death-Disability-Symptoms-Signs-Awareness-Education-Growth-High Level Wellness

Strategies to promote behavioral change for each stage of change

Precontemplation- assess confidence, importance, and readiness for change. Contemplation- ask client what information is needed. Preparation- continue to discuss pros and cons of behavior change. Action- cvontinue to discuss benefits with the client. Maintenance- continue positive reinforcement of desired behavior. Termination- inform the client of criteria for terminators.

Domain 7: Role Relationships

Readiness for Enhanced Breastfeeding Readiness for Enhanced Parenting Readiness for Enhanced Family Processes Readiness for Enhanced Relationship

Domain 8: Sexuality

Readiness for Enhanced Childbearing Process

Domain 12: Safety/Protection

Readiness for Enhanced Comfort

Domain 9: Coping/Stress Tolerance

Readiness for Enhanced Coping Readiness for Enhanced Community Coping Readiness for Enhanced Family Coping Readiness for Enhanced Power Readiness for Enhanced Resilience Readiness for Enhanced Organized Infant Behavior

Domain 10: Life Principles

Readiness for Enhanced Hope Readiness for Enhanced Spiritual Well-Being Readiness for Enhanced Religiosity

Domain 1: Health promotion

Readiness for Enhanced Immunization Status Readiness for Enhanced Self-Health Management

Domain 5: Perception/Cognition

Readiness for Enhanced Knowledge Readiness for Enhanced Decision Making Readiness for Enhanced Communication

Domain 2: Nutrition

Readiness for Enhanced Nutrition Readiness for Enhanced Fluid Balance

Domain 6: Self-Perception

Readiness for Enhanced Self-Concept

Domain 4: Activity/Rest

Readiness for Enhanced Sleep

Domain 3: Elimination and Exchange

Readiness for Enhanced Urinary Elimination

Acute illness

Severe symptoms of relatively short duration.

Nursing interventions may include

Supporting, counseling, facilitating, teaching, consulting, enhancing the behavior change, or modeling.

NANDA-I health promotion domain

The awareness of well-being as normality of function and the strategies used to maintain control of and enhance that well-being or normality of function. 12 domains.

Autonomy

The state of being independent and self-directed without outside control.