Healthy People 2020

The four goals of Healthy People 2020 are:

1. Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. 2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. 3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. 4. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.

A major cause of death for children under the age of 1 year is: a. congenital abnormalities. b. infection. c. cancer. d. injuries.

ANS: A The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified congenital abnormalities as a leading cause of death for children under the age of 1 year.

The new topic areas in the Healthy People guidelines established in 2011 for consideration for Healthy People 2020 include: (Select all that apply.) a. adolescent health. b. social determinants of health. c. blood disorders for adolescents. d. gay, lesbian, and transgender health concerns. e. teen pregnancies.

ANS: A, B, C, D The new topics initiated by the Healthy People 2020 guidelines in 2011 include adolescent health, blood disorders and safety, early and middle childhood, genomics, global health, health-care associated infections, health-related concerns for gay, lesbian, and transgender patients, dementia in older adults, preparedness, sleep health, and social determinants of health

Adults over the age of 65 can significantly reduce their health risk by: a. using herbal remedies. b. getting annual vaccines for influenza and pneumonia. c. engaging in a mild exercise regimen. d. eating three large, well-balanced meals a day

ANS: B Annual immunizations against pneumonia and influenza significantly reduce morbidity from these diseases.

A health-care worker planning a research project related to teenage pregnancy in his community would include in the initial assessment the health status of the target population. Health status could be best evaluated by the examination of the: a. birth rate, disease morbidity, and life expectancy. b. birth rate, access to health care, and death rate. c. disease morbidity, life expectancy, and health insurance coverage. d. health insurance coverage, death rate, and access to health care.

ANS: B Birth rate statistics identify age of mother; death rates include infant mortality and age of mother; access to health care may affect a teenager's ability to obtain adequate prenatal care.

Information about morbidity and mortality gives the health-care worker data to identify: a. lifespan statistics. b. high-risk age groups for certain diseases or hazards. c. effectiveness of treatment. d. cost-effective treatment for the general population.

ANS: B Evaluating specific details of the determinants of health help health-care workers develop an understanding of the health status of the population. Morbidity and mortality statistics can identify risks for disease or health hazard by age group.

The purpose of Healthy People 2020 is to: a. examine world health needs. b. evaluate accomplishments for years 2010-2020. c. focus primarily on infant health and mortality. d. examine funding issues for health care.

ANS: B Healthy People 2020 is an evidence-based 10-year report card describing health-care accomplishments in the United States between the years of 2010 and 2020.

Infant mortality rates are based on infant deaths that occur: a. at birth, per 1000 deliveries. b. before 1 year of age, per 1000 live births. c. from infection and congenital disorders, per 1000 live births. d. from unexplained causes, per 1000 live births

ANS: B Infant mortality is reported on deaths occurring before the age of 1 year per 1000 live births

The health-care worker teaches a group of new parents about the "back to sleep" program, which is directed toward the reduction of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by: a. positioning the baby on a small flat pillow. b. placing the baby on its back in the crib. c. gently rocking the baby before returning it to bed. d. tucking infant snuggly in the crib with a light blanket.

ANS: B The back to sleep program helps reduce the incidence of SIDS by placing the infant on its back rather than on its stomach.

An argument for passing "universal health care" legislation is that it would help fulfill the Healthy People 2020 goal of a. Increasing quality of life in America. b. Prolonging healthy life in America. c. Eliminating health disparities in America. d. Promoting healthy behaviors.

ANS: C Healthy People 2020 promotes a society in which all people live long, healthy lives. This program has four overarching goals.

The statistic widely used to compare the health status of different populations is: a. incidence of specific infections such as AIDS or smallpox. b. maternal mortality rate. c. infant mortality rate. d. health insurance coverage

ANS: C Infant mortality rates are used worldwide as an indicator of the health of a nation

Healthy People 2020 endorses the completion of a high school education primarily to enable a person to: a. secure a better job. b. increase the quality of life. c. make healthy lifestyle choices. d. maintain the family unit.

ANS: C One of the goals of Healthy People 2020 is to increase the number of persons graduating from high school so that they have a better education basis on which to make healthy lifestyle choices.

The health-care worker advises a young woman who is 7 weeks pregnant to include folic acid supplements in her diet in order to: a. strengthen muscles in preparation for effective labor. b. help control excessive weight gain during pregnancy. c. reduce incidence of congenital malformations. d. enhance the probability of carrying the pregnancy to full term

ANS: C One of the goals of Healthy People 2020 is to promote use of folic acid supplements early in pregnancy. Ideally, folic acid supplements, or adequate dietary folic acid, should be recommended early in the pregnancy to help prevent congenital malformations, especially spina bifida

Healthy People 2020 is published by the: a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. b. Department of the Interior. c. World Health Organization. d. Department of Health and Human Services.

ANS: D Healthy People 2020 is published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

A health-care worker who is planning a health education program for geriatric adults based on the goals of Healthy People 2020 would include: a. smoking cessation. b. drug and alcohol abuse. c. education about medications. d. fall prevention

ANS: D Reducing falls will reduce the incidence of hip fracture, which continues to be a problem, especially among elderly females.

Although the life expectancy has increased, Healthy People 2020 will focus on the older adult's need for: a. better pharmacy insurance coverage. b. improved extended care facilities. c. increased compliance to medical protocols. d. maintenance of independent lifestyles.

ANS: D The maintenance of independent lifestyles is an ongoing problem for the older adult.

The life expectancy at birth in the United States is above ______ years. a. 80 b. 78 c. 90 d. 85

Ans: B The life expectancy at birth in the United States is 78.49 years.

In addition to injuries, the leading causes of death in adolescents and young adults aged 15 through 24 years are ________ and __________. a. Car accidents and substance abuse b. STI's and teen pregnancy c. Substance abuse and HIV d. Suicide and homicide

Ans: D According to the Healthy People 2020 review, suicide and homicide are among the leading causes of death in this age-group.