Heart Anatomy

The inner______ pericardium, also called the _____, is the outermost layer of the heart wall.

visceral; epicardium

The heart has _____ chambers

4

Relative to the roles of these chambers, the ____ are the receiving chambers, wheras the ____ are the discharging chambers.

atria, ventricles

Connective tissue fibers that ramify throughout this layer construct the so-called _____.

cardiac skeleton

It's apex rests on the _______ and its superior margin lies at the level of the _____ ribs.

diaphragm, 2nd rib

The membrane that lines the heart and also forms the valve-flaps is the ____.

endocardium

The endocardium is continuous with the ____ linings of the blood vessels that enter and leave the heart

endothelial

The heart is enclosed in a serosal sac called the pericardium. The loosely fitting double outer layer consists of the outmost______ pericardium, lined by the parietal layer of the serous pericardium.

fibrous

The function of the fluid that fills the pericardial sac is to decrease _____ during heart activity.

friction

The heart is a cone shaped muscular organ located within the ____ of the thorax

mediastinum

Approximately 2/3's of the heart mass is seen to the left of the

midsternal

The middle layer of the heart wall, called the _____, is composed of _____; it forms the bulk of the heart.

myocardium; cardiac muscle

Teeth-shaped bundles of smooth muscle, found only in the auricles, are called_____, while irregular ridges of muscle called _______ are found in the ventricles.

peconate muscle; trabeculate muscle