heat acclimatization and altitude EXS PHYS 2

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some symptoms of High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) are

- Confusion - Ataxia - Vomiting - Seizure - Paralysis

live at _____altitude and train at _____ altitude

high, low

High PO2 (below sea level)

hyperoxia

How does a wet-bulb thermometer work?

- Air flows over thermometer, evaporating water - The drier the air, more water evaporates, cooler the temp

symtopms of High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)

- Dyspnea - Weakness - Tight chest (wheezing) - Tachypnea (shallow breathing) - Tachycardia (rapid HR)

Problems with Prolonged High-Altitude Exposure

- Edema - accumulation of fluid - Large difference in pressure between blood, atmosphere

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)

- Fluid accumulates in lungs - Common cause of death from high-altitude exposure (> 2,000 m) - Increased pulmonary & arterial pressure

production of more red blood cells causes

- Higher hemoglobin concentration via EPO - Counters desaturation caused by lower PO2

Decreased VO2max at higher altitude due to:

- Lower oxygen extraction - Decreased arterial PO2 - Fall in maximum cardiac output

whatre the factors related to heat injury

- clothing - hydration - wind - temperature - metabolic rate - humidity - fitness

to get acclimated to heat you must train in the heat for ____ to _____ days

10 to 14

it living high is simulated the the requirements are ____-___- h/day and _______-______m

12-16, 2,500-3,000

you should live at high altitudes for _______ h/day at ________ -________ m to see adequate results

22, 2,000-2,500

intermittent hyperbolic hypoxia should be done ___ hr/day ____ days/week at _______-______ m

3, 5, 4,000-5,000

dry bulb temperature (Tdb)

Air temperature in shade, protected from humidity

Some athletes have lower VO2 max upon return to low altitude, while others do not due to what "detraining" effects

Can't train as intensely at altitude

WBGT 65.1-72.0°F (18.4-22.2°C)

Caution: moderate risk of heat illness

fall in maximum cardiac output at altitude is due to

Decreased maximal HR, SV at altitude

WBGT 78.1-82.0°F (25.7-27.8°C)

Extreme caution: high risk for unfit, non-acclimatized

WBGT 72.1-78.0°F (22.3-25.6°C)

Extreme caution: risk of hyperthermia increased for all

WBGT >82.0°F (>27.8°C)

Extreme risk of hyperthermia; cancel or postpone event

wet bulb temperature (Twb)

Index of ability to wick sweat

WBGT 50.0-65.0°F (10.0-18.3°C)

Low risk of hypo- and hyperthermia

what effects does acclimatization have on body temp and HR

Lower body temperature and HR response

__________ intensity, _______ duration (75% VO2 max, 30-35 min)

Moderate, short

Short-term anaerobic performance

O2 transport to muscles does not limit performance

in the case of High Altitude Cerebral Edema there needs to be an increase in ______

PO

during Short-term anaerobic performance Lower ______ at altitude has ________ effect on performance

PO2, little

during Long-term aerobic performance Lower _____ results in __________ aerobic performance

PO2, poorer

black globe temperature (Tg)

Radiant heat load in direct sunlight

WBGT ≤50.0°F (≤10.0°C)

Risk of hypothermia

High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)

Severe altitude sickness (over 4,000 m)

what the is the equation used to calculate the WBGT index?

WBGT = 0.1 X DBT + 0.7 X WBT + GT X 0.2

what is the best protection against heat stroke and exhaustion

acclimatization

during Short-term anaerobic performance Lower ____ _________may improve performance

air resistance

If you constantly train at altitude, then you will become a better __________ runner. This will _____ necessarily translate to ______ _________ performance.

altitude, not, sea level

lifetime altitude residents Have complete adaptations in _________ __________ ______ and ____ _______

arterial oxygen content and VO2 max

when exercising you when should you Drink water?

before, during, and after exercise

High Altitude Cerebral Edema is a Result of ______ ________, _____ ________ from blood vessels

brain swelling, fluids leaking

when exercising you should Exercise in _________ part of the day __________ increase exposure to ______/humidity to acclimatize

cooler, gradually, heat

Atmospheric pressure _________ at higher altitude

decreases

an increase PO is also a ______ in elevation or applying ________

drop, oxygen

the results of altitude of exercise is the same workload is much _________ to complete at ________ _________.

harder, higher altitude

when training at low altitudes you should Maintain _____ ________ ______ ________

high interval training velocity

low PO2 at (altitude)

hypoxia

you should wear _____ clothing, monitor ______ and alter exercise _________ to avoid heat injury

light, HR, intensity

a high humidity will reusult in a _____ evaporation rate and a ____ core temperature

low, high

_____ intensity, _____ duration (<50% VO2 max, 60-100 min)

low, long

why does altitude elicit higher heart rate

lower O2 content in arterial blood

some potential mechanisms when training low is improved _________ function and increased max ______ ________

mitochondrial, strove volume

Long-term aerobic performance

muscles depend on O2 delivery

Normal PO2 (sea level)

normoxia

Some studies have shown improved VO2 max without increased ____ _____ _____ mass

red blood cell

adaptations to high altitude include production of more ______ ______ _______

red blood cells

Living at a high altitude can lead to an increase in the number of _____ _______ ________ and lead to increase in _______ _____

red blood cells, VO2 max

why does submaximal exercise require higher ventilation at altitude

reduced # of O2 molecules per L of air

Partial pressure has _______ percentages of O2, CO2, N2 in the air

same

Effect of training at altitude on VOs max varies among athletes due to degree of ____________ of ______________

saturation, hemoglobin

some athletes that improve their VO2 max by training in altitude could be due to...

training state before arriving at altitude

what does WBGT stand for?

wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT)

______ ________ _______ most important in determining overall heat stress (70% of total WBGT)

wet bulb temperature


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