heat acclimatization and altitude EXS PHYS 2
some symptoms of High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) are
- Confusion - Ataxia - Vomiting - Seizure - Paralysis
live at _____altitude and train at _____ altitude
high, low
High PO2 (below sea level)
hyperoxia
How does a wet-bulb thermometer work?
- Air flows over thermometer, evaporating water - The drier the air, more water evaporates, cooler the temp
symtopms of High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
- Dyspnea - Weakness - Tight chest (wheezing) - Tachypnea (shallow breathing) - Tachycardia (rapid HR)
Problems with Prolonged High-Altitude Exposure
- Edema - accumulation of fluid - Large difference in pressure between blood, atmosphere
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
- Fluid accumulates in lungs - Common cause of death from high-altitude exposure (> 2,000 m) - Increased pulmonary & arterial pressure
production of more red blood cells causes
- Higher hemoglobin concentration via EPO - Counters desaturation caused by lower PO2
Decreased VO2max at higher altitude due to:
- Lower oxygen extraction - Decreased arterial PO2 - Fall in maximum cardiac output
whatre the factors related to heat injury
- clothing - hydration - wind - temperature - metabolic rate - humidity - fitness
to get acclimated to heat you must train in the heat for ____ to _____ days
10 to 14
it living high is simulated the the requirements are ____-___- h/day and _______-______m
12-16, 2,500-3,000
you should live at high altitudes for _______ h/day at ________ -________ m to see adequate results
22, 2,000-2,500
intermittent hyperbolic hypoxia should be done ___ hr/day ____ days/week at _______-______ m
3, 5, 4,000-5,000
dry bulb temperature (Tdb)
Air temperature in shade, protected from humidity
Some athletes have lower VO2 max upon return to low altitude, while others do not due to what "detraining" effects
Can't train as intensely at altitude
WBGT 65.1-72.0°F (18.4-22.2°C)
Caution: moderate risk of heat illness
fall in maximum cardiac output at altitude is due to
Decreased maximal HR, SV at altitude
WBGT 78.1-82.0°F (25.7-27.8°C)
Extreme caution: high risk for unfit, non-acclimatized
WBGT 72.1-78.0°F (22.3-25.6°C)
Extreme caution: risk of hyperthermia increased for all
WBGT >82.0°F (>27.8°C)
Extreme risk of hyperthermia; cancel or postpone event
wet bulb temperature (Twb)
Index of ability to wick sweat
WBGT 50.0-65.0°F (10.0-18.3°C)
Low risk of hypo- and hyperthermia
what effects does acclimatization have on body temp and HR
Lower body temperature and HR response
__________ intensity, _______ duration (75% VO2 max, 30-35 min)
Moderate, short
Short-term anaerobic performance
O2 transport to muscles does not limit performance
in the case of High Altitude Cerebral Edema there needs to be an increase in ______
PO
during Short-term anaerobic performance Lower ______ at altitude has ________ effect on performance
PO2, little
during Long-term aerobic performance Lower _____ results in __________ aerobic performance
PO2, poorer
black globe temperature (Tg)
Radiant heat load in direct sunlight
WBGT ≤50.0°F (≤10.0°C)
Risk of hypothermia
High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)
Severe altitude sickness (over 4,000 m)
what the is the equation used to calculate the WBGT index?
WBGT = 0.1 X DBT + 0.7 X WBT + GT X 0.2
what is the best protection against heat stroke and exhaustion
acclimatization
during Short-term anaerobic performance Lower ____ _________may improve performance
air resistance
If you constantly train at altitude, then you will become a better __________ runner. This will _____ necessarily translate to ______ _________ performance.
altitude, not, sea level
lifetime altitude residents Have complete adaptations in _________ __________ ______ and ____ _______
arterial oxygen content and VO2 max
when exercising you when should you Drink water?
before, during, and after exercise
High Altitude Cerebral Edema is a Result of ______ ________, _____ ________ from blood vessels
brain swelling, fluids leaking
when exercising you should Exercise in _________ part of the day __________ increase exposure to ______/humidity to acclimatize
cooler, gradually, heat
Atmospheric pressure _________ at higher altitude
decreases
an increase PO is also a ______ in elevation or applying ________
drop, oxygen
the results of altitude of exercise is the same workload is much _________ to complete at ________ _________.
harder, higher altitude
when training at low altitudes you should Maintain _____ ________ ______ ________
high interval training velocity
low PO2 at (altitude)
hypoxia
you should wear _____ clothing, monitor ______ and alter exercise _________ to avoid heat injury
light, HR, intensity
a high humidity will reusult in a _____ evaporation rate and a ____ core temperature
low, high
_____ intensity, _____ duration (<50% VO2 max, 60-100 min)
low, long
why does altitude elicit higher heart rate
lower O2 content in arterial blood
some potential mechanisms when training low is improved _________ function and increased max ______ ________
mitochondrial, strove volume
Long-term aerobic performance
muscles depend on O2 delivery
Normal PO2 (sea level)
normoxia
Some studies have shown improved VO2 max without increased ____ _____ _____ mass
red blood cell
adaptations to high altitude include production of more ______ ______ _______
red blood cells
Living at a high altitude can lead to an increase in the number of _____ _______ ________ and lead to increase in _______ _____
red blood cells, VO2 max
why does submaximal exercise require higher ventilation at altitude
reduced # of O2 molecules per L of air
Partial pressure has _______ percentages of O2, CO2, N2 in the air
same
Effect of training at altitude on VOs max varies among athletes due to degree of ____________ of ______________
saturation, hemoglobin
some athletes that improve their VO2 max by training in altitude could be due to...
training state before arriving at altitude
what does WBGT stand for?
wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT)
______ ________ _______ most important in determining overall heat stress (70% of total WBGT)
wet bulb temperature
