Heat energy - Chemistry
-273
CELSIUS: absolute zero.... ______ degrees
100
CELSIUS: boiling point of water.... ______ degrees
0
CELSIUS: freezing point of water.... _______ degrees
212
FAHRENHEIT: boiling point of water.... ______ degrees
32
FAHRENHEIT: freezing point of water.... _______ degrees
kilocalorie
Unit of heat. Equals 1000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1degC. Equal to one food Calorie.
slower
When a substance cools down, the molecules move ___________________.
J/(kg*C)
unit for specific heat
from D to E
where does boiling happen
from point C to D
where is there only a liquid?
degree
evenly spaced units used to measure temperature
Sublimation:
Process by which a substance changes from a solid to a gas
Joule
SI unit of energy
1 calorie = _______ joules
4.184
0.46 J/g C
A 15.75-g piece of iron absorbs 1086.75 joules of heat energy, and its temperature changes from 25°C to 175°C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron.
physical change
A change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition which can be made by freezing, melting or boiling a substance
thermometer
A device to measure temperature. degree of hotness, closed system
Evaporation:
A process of changing from liquid to gas from heat
FASTER
Adding heat makes particles move _________ .
calorie
Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
heat flow
Another term for heat transfer, the transfer of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object.
Thermal Insulators
Are materials that are poor conductors of heat. Examples of thermal insulators are wood, foam cups, and plastic
Thermal Conductors
Are materials that conduct heat easily. Examples of thermal conductors are copper, aluminium and gold. In general metals are good thermal conductors
The three common scales for measuring temperature are the .
Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales
7.97 g
How many grams of water would require 2200 joules of heat to raise its temperature from 34°C to 100°C? The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g∙C
297 J
How many joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of 10.0 g of aluminum from 22°C to 55°C, if the specific heat of aluminum is 0.90 J/g°C?
0
KELVIN: absolute zero.... ______ degrees
373
KELVIN: boiling point of water.... ______ degrees
273
KELVIN: freezing point of water.... ______ degrees
connection between kinetic theory and temperature
Kinetic theory states that atoms/molecules are always moving and temperature is a measure of the speed of the atoms/molecules.
temperature
Measure of the average transitional kinetic energy per molecule of a substance, measured in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit, or in kelvins.
specific heat capacity
Quantity of heat required to raise temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.
sea land breeze
Sea breeze- Land heats more quickly than water, creating land-water temperature. During the day the land's warm-core thermal low draws a sea breeze.
Boiling Point:
Temperature at which a liquid boils; 212 F, 100 C and 373 K
Fahrenheit scale
Temperature scale in common use in the United States. The number 32 is assigned to the melt-freeze point of water, and the number 212 to the boil-condense point of water at standard pressure (one atmosphere, at sea level).
Celsius Scale
Temperature scale that assigns 0 to the melt-freeze point for water and 100 to the boil condense point of water at standard pressure (one atmosphere at sea level).
Kelvin scale
Temperature scale, measured in kelvins K, whose zero is the temperature at which it is impossible to extract any more internal energy from a material. 0 K = -275.15degC. There are no negative temperatures.
Boiling:
The application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas
Melting:
The change of state from a solid to a liquid
absolute zero
The coldest temperature, 0 Kelvin, that can be reached. It is the hypothetical temperature at which all molecular motion stops.
heat
The energy that flows from one object to another by virtue of a difference in temperature.
Condensation:
The process of changing from a gas to a liquid state like fog on a mirror
freezing point
The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid
boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
melting point
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
Melting Point:
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
Thermometer:
The tool that measures temperature and uses the principle of expansion and contraction of a liquid (usually mercury or red alcohol)
Freezing:
The withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid
phase diagram
a graph showing the conditions at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or gas
heat capacity
another term used as specific heat
delta T
change
melting
from point B to C this is happening
freezing
from point C to B this is happening
connection between kinetic theory and temperature
kinetic theory states that atoms/molecules are always moving and temperature is a measure of the speed of the atoms/molecules.
thermal energy
specific heat can be used to measure changes in this definition
specific heat
the amount of energy of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a material 1 celsius degree
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
joule (J)
the standard scientific unit used to measure energy
absolute zero
theoretical temperature at which molecules stop moving and no more heat can be removed from the object
Why is it impossible to get a temperature below absolute zero?
there is no movement of molecules= no Kinetic Energy
Q
thermal energy
