Heat energy - Chemistry

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-273

CELSIUS: absolute zero.... ______ degrees

100

CELSIUS: boiling point of water.... ______ degrees

0

CELSIUS: freezing point of water.... _______ degrees

212

FAHRENHEIT: boiling point of water.... ______ degrees

32

FAHRENHEIT: freezing point of water.... _______ degrees

kilocalorie

Unit of heat. Equals 1000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1degC. Equal to one food Calorie.

slower

When a substance cools down, the molecules move ___________________.

J/(kg*C)

unit for specific heat

from D to E

where does boiling happen

from point C to D

where is there only a liquid?

degree

evenly spaced units used to measure temperature

Sublimation:

Process by which a substance changes from a solid to a gas

Joule

SI unit of energy

1 calorie = _______ joules

4.184

0.46 J/g C

A 15.75-g piece of iron absorbs 1086.75 joules of heat energy, and its temperature changes from 25°C to 175°C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron.

physical change

A change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition which can be made by freezing, melting or boiling a substance

thermometer

A device to measure temperature. degree of hotness, closed system

Evaporation:

A process of changing from liquid to gas from heat

FASTER

Adding heat makes particles move _________ .

calorie

Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

heat flow

Another term for heat transfer, the transfer of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object.

Thermal Insulators

Are materials that are poor conductors of heat. Examples of thermal insulators are wood, foam cups, and plastic

Thermal Conductors

Are materials that conduct heat easily. Examples of thermal conductors are copper, aluminium and gold. In general metals are good thermal conductors

The three common scales for measuring temperature are the .

Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales

7.97 g

How many grams of water would require 2200 joules of heat to raise its temperature from 34°C to 100°C? The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g∙C

297 J

How many joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of 10.0 g of aluminum from 22°C to 55°C, if the specific heat of aluminum is 0.90 J/g°C?

0

KELVIN: absolute zero.... ______ degrees

373

KELVIN: boiling point of water.... ______ degrees

273

KELVIN: freezing point of water.... ______ degrees

connection between kinetic theory and temperature

Kinetic theory states that atoms/molecules are always moving and temperature is a measure of the speed of the atoms/molecules.

temperature

Measure of the average transitional kinetic energy per molecule of a substance, measured in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit, or in kelvins.

specific heat capacity

Quantity of heat required to raise temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.

sea land breeze

Sea breeze- Land heats more quickly than water, creating land-water temperature. During the day the land's warm-core thermal low draws a sea breeze.

Boiling Point:

Temperature at which a liquid boils; 212 F, 100 C and 373 K

Fahrenheit scale

Temperature scale in common use in the United States. The number 32 is assigned to the melt-freeze point of water, and the number 212 to the boil-condense point of water at standard pressure (one atmosphere, at sea level).

Celsius Scale

Temperature scale that assigns 0 to the melt-freeze point for water and 100 to the boil condense point of water at standard pressure (one atmosphere at sea level).

Kelvin scale

Temperature scale, measured in kelvins K, whose zero is the temperature at which it is impossible to extract any more internal energy from a material. 0 K = -275.15degC. There are no negative temperatures.

Boiling:

The application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas

Melting:

The change of state from a solid to a liquid

absolute zero

The coldest temperature, 0 Kelvin, that can be reached. It is the hypothetical temperature at which all molecular motion stops.

heat

The energy that flows from one object to another by virtue of a difference in temperature.

Condensation:

The process of changing from a gas to a liquid state like fog on a mirror

freezing point

The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid

boiling point

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

melting point

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Melting Point:

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

Thermometer:

The tool that measures temperature and uses the principle of expansion and contraction of a liquid (usually mercury or red alcohol)

Freezing:

The withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid

phase diagram

a graph showing the conditions at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or gas

heat capacity

another term used as specific heat

delta T

change

melting

from point B to C this is happening

freezing

from point C to B this is happening

connection between kinetic theory and temperature

kinetic theory states that atoms/molecules are always moving and temperature is a measure of the speed of the atoms/molecules.

thermal energy

specific heat can be used to measure changes in this definition

specific heat

the amount of energy of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a material 1 celsius degree

kinetic energy

the energy an object has due to its motion

joule (J)

the standard scientific unit used to measure energy

absolute zero

theoretical temperature at which molecules stop moving and no more heat can be removed from the object

Why is it impossible to get a temperature below absolute zero?

there is no movement of molecules= no Kinetic Energy

Q

thermal energy


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