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insertion

(adding an extra letter to the DNA code) is a frameshift

what are the two phases of the Central Dogma

1. transcription 2. production of proteins *translation

how many amino acids are there? how many codons?

23; 64

DNA is uniformly thick

A and G are double shaped T and C arent

Chargaff's Rule

A=T and C=G

Rosalind Franklin

DNA is a helix

what does RNA polymerase do in transcription of mRNA

RNA polymerase pries strands open and makes comp strand 5' 3'

Snurps *no not smurfs

Snurps cut out introns, splice exons

DNA is made of nucleotides called

adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

point mutation

change in 1 (or very few bases in DNA)

Mutation

change in DNA

transcription

copying info from DNA to mRNA

Exons

expressed sections

deletion

frameshift. It just shifts the frame in the other direction.

what is the key to being a living thing?

make all the right structure and functions

silent mutation

makes no difference in the amino acid sequence

Introns

non-coding intervening sections

RNA

one strand ribose uracil

missense mutation

produces something, just not the right thing

translation

production of proteins

Key to making the right proteins

right amino acid order

Code of DNA

sequence of bases

how are introns and axons recognized?

small nuclear ribonucleoproteins

Nonsense mutation

some mutations cause a stop codon to be read. This can be caused by a point mutation or a frameshift.

Backbone of DNA

sugar and phosphate

DNA

two strands deoxyribose thymine