hell 🥰
insertion
(adding an extra letter to the DNA code) is a frameshift
what are the two phases of the Central Dogma
1. transcription 2. production of proteins *translation
how many amino acids are there? how many codons?
23; 64
DNA is uniformly thick
A and G are double shaped T and C arent
Chargaff's Rule
A=T and C=G
Rosalind Franklin
DNA is a helix
what does RNA polymerase do in transcription of mRNA
RNA polymerase pries strands open and makes comp strand 5' 3'
Snurps *no not smurfs
Snurps cut out introns, splice exons
DNA is made of nucleotides called
adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine
point mutation
change in 1 (or very few bases in DNA)
Mutation
change in DNA
transcription
copying info from DNA to mRNA
Exons
expressed sections
deletion
frameshift. It just shifts the frame in the other direction.
what is the key to being a living thing?
make all the right structure and functions
silent mutation
makes no difference in the amino acid sequence
Introns
non-coding intervening sections
RNA
one strand ribose uracil
missense mutation
produces something, just not the right thing
translation
production of proteins
Key to making the right proteins
right amino acid order
Code of DNA
sequence of bases
how are introns and axons recognized?
small nuclear ribonucleoproteins
Nonsense mutation
some mutations cause a stop codon to be read. This can be caused by a point mutation or a frameshift.
Backbone of DNA
sugar and phosphate
DNA
two strands deoxyribose thymine