HGD 1.1 nature vs nurture

genotype-

that part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefor an organism or individual, which determines a certain characteristic of the cell/organism/individual

heritability-

the ratio of the genetic variance of a population to its phenotypic variance

A _________ is an identifying characteristic, habit, or trend.

trait

Developmental psychologists investigate the relationship between innate and environmental influences.

true

Talents, temperaments, religious views, and political views are partially heritable.

true

A predisposition is another term for ________.

Diathesis

The ______-stress model explores how biological or genetic traits interact with environmental influences (stressors) to produce disorders, such as depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia.

Diathesis

The ______-stress model is a psychological theory that attempts to explain behavior as a predispositional vulnerability together with stress from life experiences.

Diathesis

_________ is the proportion of variability that is genetic in origin.

Heritability

Developmental psychology explores the extent to which development is a result of gradual accumulation of knowledge or stage-like development, as well as the extent to which children are born with ______ mental structures as opposed to learning through experience.

Innate

A(n) ______ perspective would argue that developmental processes are innate and influenced by an organism's genes.

Nativist

Learning to ride a bicycle is an example of a behavior most strongly affected by _______.

Nature

The values that we learn from our culture are an example of something strongly influenced by ___________.

nurture

The biopsychosocial model is most like which concept from biology?

phenotype

Biological, psychological, and social factors all play a significant role in human development.

True

Today, developmental psychologists rarely take polarized positions when considering the influence of nature and nurture on development.

True

gene-

a unit of heredity; a segment of DNA or RNA that is transmitted from one generation to the next and carries genetic information such as the sequence of amino acids for a protein

In the _______-stress model, the predisposition interacts with the subsequent stress response of an individual.

diathesis

The term ______ derives from the Greek term for disposition, or vulnerability, and it can take the form of genetic, psychological, biological, or situational factors.

diathesis

Developmental psychology is an academic discipline that focuses just on psychology, like behavior and cognition.

false

Developmental psychology is focused only on ages from birth to 18.

false

Environmental inputs can affect the expression of ______.

genes

The nature side of the nature-nurture debate seeks to understand how our personalities and traits are produced by our ______ and other biological factors.

genes

Heritability refers to the origin of differences among people; it is a concept in biology that describes how much of the variation of a trait in a population is due to ______ differences in that population.

genetic

We are all born with specific ______ traits inherited from our parents, such as eye color, height, and certain personality traits.

genetic

monozygotic-

identical

trait-

identifying characteristic, habit, or trend

If something is innate, then it is ________.

inborn

innate-

inborn, native, natural

In genetic studies, traits are measured and compared between ______ twins, biological siblings who are not twins, and adopted siblings who are not genetically related.

monozygotic

In another terminology for nature vs. nurture, nature is sometimes called ________ and nurture is sometimes called _______.

nativism; empiricism