Hidden Figures

Where did Katherine watch the moon landing from

A resort in the Poconos, Pennsylvania.

How does integration happen at Langley

African Americans and Whites both worked there and they sat next to each other, passed each other in the hallways.

How does the civil rights movement take shape during this time?

African Americans stopped giving up their seats on the bus. riots broke out in Detroit, mobile, and LA.

Who were the four picked

Alan Shepard, Scott Carpenter, Wally Schirra and Joh Glenn.

How did they react

At first they were terrified, but then they started to believe because it was all of their dreams

How did Christine Darden get to NASA

At the Virginia State University placement office

West computers that played a part in John Glenn's flight

Dorothy Hoover-therotical work Dorothy Vaughan-calucalations for project scout Miriam Mann-worked for Jim Williams, running numbers that would allow 2 vehicles to dock in space Mary Jackson-conducted test of the Apollo capsule and other components, honing their fitness for the portion of the journey that would take place in the supersonic speed regime Sue Wilder-work concerned with the physics of a vehicle reentering the atmosphere

What are the circumstances leading to Katherine's enrollment at West Virginia University

Dr.Davis told Katherine that they had to pick three kids to desegregate the state university in the summer of 1940 and that he picked her.

How did the racial problems in the US in the 1940s-50s change the perception of the US abroad?

Foreign diplomats were often rejected meals if they had dark skin, this made they world think the US was a country full of racists.

how is the Soviet Union still pulling ahead in the space race

Gherman Tivov, a Soviet astronaut, had a successful seventeen-orbit flight nearly a full day in space in October 6 1961

In what ways was Melvin Bultler progressive in his hiring practices?

He hires people of all races and doesn't discriminate.

How did Clayton influence Katherine

He influence Katherine to a research mathematician.

What tragedy reshapes Katherine's family

Her husband, Jimmy, dies of a brain tumor

What makes Newsome Park an attractive place to live.

It had a kitchen, banquet space, shopping center, and craft courses.

How did it impact everyday aviation

It increased as much as 25 percent in the plane's speed for the same level of power.

in what ways does the soap box derby represent the breaking down of racial boundaries

It lets boys of all races race in it and everyone can come and watch it.

How is her reaction different from Miriam"s

Miriam's took the sign because they bother her, but Katherine just ignores them.

How does Newsome Park differ from Newport News

Newport News was more of a city atmosphere where Newsome Park was a community atmosphere.

Were you surprised to learn where she was

Yes, I thought she would have been in mission control because she had done so much for NASA over the years

Why does Miriam Mann keep removing the cafeteria sign?

because it was the only assigned table in the cafeteria.

Why does she leave Langley?

because of mental Illness

why is her work as a role model important

because she is inspiring young women into the sciences and showing them that they can do anything that they put their minds to.

why is her refusal to conform significant

because she is not going to follow the southern convention because it isn't convenient and she wants to be treated equal-boycott

Why was the people she was with significant

because she was with her sorority sister who she had known for a while and would want to share her accomplishments with.

Why did some people think the space program was a waste of money

because they decided to prioritize a victory in space over problems on Earth.

How does it change her family

her daughters have to take on more responsibility and Katherine has to learn how to become a mother and father.

Who is A. Philip Randolph?

the head of the largest black labor union in the country

What is the name of Katherine's report

"Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite over a Selected Earth Position"

Who is Christine Mann?

A rising senior at The Allen School for girls in Asheville, North Carolina.

Why does Virginia senator Harry Byrd oppose the FEPC?

Because he didn't want African Americans to have equal rights or hold jobs, he was for segregation, unlike the FEPC.

To whom does the term tan yanks refer to?

Black GIs fighting overseas

Why was the report significant for her and the department

It was the first report to come out of the Langley Aerospace Mechanics Division by a female

what challenge did President Kennedy give the space program?

It was to land a man on the moon and return him safely back to earth by the end of the decade.

Why is the opportunity fir a job at Langley so unique to Dorothy

It would help assure her children's futures

who was the astronaut chosen by NASA for manned space flight

John Glenn

In what ways was the March on Washington for jobs and Freedom significant?

MLK gave his famous I have a dream speech. 300,000 people attend WEB Du Bois had earlier that morning influenced the group of people whose work was the lifeblood of America's space program

How was Nichelle Nichols talked into staying in her role on Star Trek

MLKJR told her that she couldn't leave the show because was the future that black people have been imaging and marching for.

Describe Mary Jackson

Motivate, dedicated, religious, hard working, intelligent, community orentiented

What is her background

She grew up in down town Hampton, she heard Civil war stories growing up. She attended Hampton University, and got a degree in Math and physical science. Her family was big into helping people/

how is she similar to Dorothy Vaughan, and Katherine Goble

She studied math and was a math teacher, all dedicated to family, all religious, all belong to sororities

What accomplishments make Doris Cohen noteworthy

She was NACA's first lone female author, she published 9 reports documenting experiments conducted at the frontier of high speed aeronautical research 5 alone, 4 coauthored

Where are two places in Langley in which Katherine refuses to conform with souther convention

The bathroom and eating at the cafeteria

What happened when Katherine sits down to wait to meet her new boss

The engineer that she sat down next to glanced at her, got up and walked away.

how did the mercy missions lead to the Freedom 7

The failed Mercy missions lead to the successful Freedom 7 mission by realizing what they had done wrong and correcting it.

To what does the chapter tile the doodle v refer to?

The first v stands for victory over our enemies from without. the second v stands for victory over our enemies within.

Who is Blache Sponsler?

The head of west computing after Margery Hannah accepted an offer from aj full scale research division

What was Glenn's experience on the Freedom 7

The insertion was good and clear for 7 orbits. But during the 1 orbit the control system began to act up causing the capsule to pull back and forth. Glenn switched to manual to fix the problem. at the end of 2 orbit, the capsule heat shield was loose. at 3 orbit mission control told Glenn to keep the rocket pack on to keep the heat shield in place. 4 hours and 33 minutes and then the retro rockets fired. Glenn adjusted the capsule and hoped for the best. As the ship went down it blackout but 14 minutes later his voice appeared. the capsule splashed down and Glenn made it.

How did the soviets having engineering schools dominated by women play in American press

They got attention in articles like "Red Engineering School" in the Soviet Union were "loaded with Women" 1/3 of engineering grad in su are women

Why did Katherine get attached to the flight research division

They needed more computers, so Dorothy assigned her to go work there.

How do the Astronauts feel about this

They put their lives in NASA's hands. they are prepared to give up their lives to the mission

what is the risk standard for the space task group

Three nine 0.999., a criterion requiring that every aspect of the program be prejected to a 99.9 percent success rate or one failure for every thousand incidences.

after winning the derby what does Mary's son tell the Norfolk journal and Guide

When he grows up he wants to be an engineer just like his mother.

Where is Katherine from?

White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia

How did the end of the war change working conditions for women

Women workers were being laid off, so the soldiers could get jobs. some women want back to old jobs and some went back to domestic life.

What did Mary and her son build together

a soap box derby car

In what ways is working at Naca Progressive

african Americans and whites work together on and talk to each other

What kind of technological advancements occur as this space race begins to heat up

an advanced version of the x-15 rocket plane, rockets developed by the PARD

Why does Katherine want to go to the editorial meetings

because the numbers that they talked about in the meetings she needed for her work and it would be easier if she were their and they used her numbers in the meetings.

How does Dorothy Help Katherine and a white computer

by getting them a permanent position in Henry Pearson's group.

how would this practices affect Langley recruitment

by letting African Americans get degrees that they couldn't get before so they could get jobs at Langley that whites only were doing before

In what ways did the trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg affect life at Langley?

by one of the employees William Perl was accused of stealing classified documents and funneling them to the Soviet Union via Rosenberg. The FBI interrogated Langley employees. Investigators looked into a black computer that had been caught burning loyalty forms.

how does the nature of Katherine's work change as her department shifts from aeronautical to space.

filling out data sheets grows linger and wider as the work became more intricate. the engineers assigned her a jab of preparing the charts and equations for the space technology lectures

What were the series of mercy missions

planned suborbital flights taking off from cape Canaveral,FL and landing in the Atlantic at 50 miles from Turks and Caicos. sent astronaut on one or more 90 minute circuits around the Globe

What kinds of work is she doing now

she is calculating numbers, checking numbers, running simulations

how is Katherine's role changing

she is working more with the flight because John Glenn trusts her

What life experiences made Margot Lee to be the perfect person to write the book?

she knew Kathaleen Land, who worked as a computer. her dad worked at Langley research center. She met Katherine Johnson. she hear stories about the computers at Nasa.

How does Mary make female participation in engineering and the sciences visible to school aged women.

she made every effort to bring students from Hampton's public schools and Hampton Institute into Langley facilities. Mary participated in a career panel in 1962.

How is the civil rights movement affecting her?

she sat at organized sit-ins

Describe Dorothy Vaughan

she's intelligent, smart, kind, observant, and she would do anything for her family

What is the Area Rule

slotted walls in wind tunnels

How does Hampton Institute get involved in the civil rights movement

they become the first school outside of NC to organize a sit-in

How are Katherine and Dorothy alike so far

they both have math degrees. they both have families. skipped ahead in school. they both studied math and French

how were MacLean and Reid helpful to and supportive of their new colleagues?

they both helped African Americans get into Langley with jobs in Math, science, and engineering.

In what ways did advances in aeronautical research change the methods by which Langley worked

they got the bell calculator and the IBM 604 and 650 to help with the math

In what ways does the rise of computing and advancements in computing technology affect the girl computers

they had to learn more about computers. It signaled the beginning of the end of computing as women's work. some had to learn how to be a computer programmer.

Are the girl computers held to a higher standard or do they hold themselves to one?

they hold themselves to high standards because they feel if they don't stand up to the pressure they'd forfeit their opportunity and maybe the opportunity for the women after them.

how does the Reynolds number help work at Langley?

the knowledge helps them to build wind tunnels that simulate real life conditions

How is this used as propaganda by the Soviet Union?

By headlines like " Untouchability banished in India; worshiped in America." It was used as a weapon. It was also used as a tool to get countries to side with them because it made the US look like the whole country was racist

How are they different

Katherine stopped working to raise a family. she got to study under William Clayton. she went to graduate school

What is life in Newport News like for Dorothy

She lived with Fredrick and Annie Lucy and got two meals a du. she lived in a single room and he suitcase was her closet. She road the bus

What is learned from Katherine's contribution to the crash of a Piper plane.

That the piper had flown perpendicularly across the flight path of a jet plan that had just passed through the area. A disturbance caused by the place could trouble the fire for an half on hour. The wake vortex of the larger plane had acted like an invisible tripe wire upon crossing the rough river of air left behind by the jet, the propeller plan stumbled in midair and tumbled out of the sky

What kind of disagreement did Mary and John Becker have?

Whether or not Mary's output numbers were right.

who was Malcolm MacLean?

a former administrator from the university of Minnesota.

How does help building the work force at Langley?

he demanded that Roosevelt open lucrative war jobs to African American applicants, threatening to bring 100,000 African Americans to the capital to protest of he didn't.

What kinds of employment opportunities were available to African Americans?

military laundry workers, teachers, mathematicians, waitress, maids,

How does Mary embody and enact her family's motto of sharing and caring

she helped care for her ailing father, she helped military families and defense workers find places to live, played piano during Use sing alongs, coordinated military rallies, organized rallies for visiting service men.

How did Katherine's work help in the Space Race

she helped make sure that the spacecraft would travel across the Earth and the astronaut would stay alive. she trace the exact path that the spacecraft would travel across the Earth's surface from the second it lifted off the launchpad until it splashed in the Atlantic

In her application, why did Dorothy say that she could be ready in 48 hours

so she could pack up, quit her job, say bye to her kids, and get their

Why is this change necessary

so the us can get ahead in the space race, so they need all the minds at Langley to make that happen

How was Dorothy able to learn about it?

the engineers checklist of the longitudinal stability and control, lateral stability and control, stalling found a home on her desk.

Why is this change significant for her

the flight research division is the most powerful group at Langley

How does her story highlight the pressure these women are under?

the pressure is so strong and high it can cause the women to develop mental Illness because of the intensity

why did locals think of Langley employees as more than a little peculiar

their ways and accents, rumpled shirts with no tie and sandals.They confused and horrified residents by dismantling a toaster with a screwdriver at a local store to make sure the heating coil would toast the bread just so.

What kinds of research does the Maneuver Loads Branch do?

they Conduct research on the forces on an , airplane out of stable, steady flight or tried to return to stable, steady flight.f

What change does NASA do for the employees of West Computing

they make sure that most of them have a permanent position at NASA and them they get rid of the group

What are some reasons for wanting more mathematicians at Langley during the 1940s.

they need them for more computing pools. Also, so they could focus more on the space race. For more accurate numbers

How did the machines affect the women computers

they started doing some of the math that the female mathematicians had been doing. The women started enrolling in computation courses for the computer

What do you think is the reason behind doing so.

to show that if they gave all students the same great education they could all get great jobs and we could be in front of Soviet Union not only in the space race, but also in the Cold War.

Why does the President's advisory committee on science say a space program is in the interest of every American.

1. National Defense 2.Global Prestige 3. space exploration would bring an unprecedented opportunity to expand the knowledge of the universe 4. humans pined to go into space because of their longing to know what lay beyond the confines of their own small world: they desire to leave earth out of a compelling urge to go where no on has gone.

Who is William Waldron Schieffelin Clayton

A doctor on staff in the math department at West Virginia State University.

In what ways do they stick to southern conventions?

African Americans can't sit with whites at lunch and thy can't use the same bathrooms

How did Katherine get her job at Langley

By hearing about it it by her brother in law Eric Epps

What was her background?

Her mother died when she was two, but her dad remarried shortly after. Her stepmother encouraged her in everything that she did. she got a full ride to Wilberforce and got a degree in teaching.

What event prompted Mary Jackson to accept an offer working with Kaz Czarnecki?

The white women laughing at her when she asked where the bathroom was

How does the black press link the desegregation of southern schools and the launch of sputnik

While we were forming mobs to drive an Autherine Lucy from an Alabama campus the Russians were compelling ALL children to attend the best possible schools.

Do think Mary will use this for motivation in the future

Yes because Mary stood by her work even though the division chief told her she was wrong, but she was actually right

Describe Katherine Goble

intelligent, caring, brave

how did it transform the possibilities for other women

it gave women the chance to move away from working the machines and rote plotting and to get closer to the research reports.

How was the fight for social equality affecting education

it helped ban the segregation of schools

What is the Reynolds number?

it is a bit of mathematical jujitsu that measured how closely the performance of a wind tunnel came to mimicking actual flight.

Is it surprising to learn that on the east side of Langley white lab staff didn't know an all black group existed

it isn't surprising because I don't think they talk about the computing group and I think they ask where the number come from as long as they are right

What impact does this have on her

it made her realize that she couldn't control others actions towards other races.

how doe specializing in a particular sub-field of aeronautics help the girl computers>

it was the key to managing the increasingly complex nature of aeronautic research post war era. knowing this helped them get requested for jobs by engineers.

What was Katherine time at West Virginia like?

most of the white students were friendly, the professors were fair, but she couldn't find a course that didn't duplicate Dr.Clayton's

what were the requirements for the astronauts

only men at or under 5"11 and weighing less than 180 lbs. Each was required to be a test pilot under 40 with a least a bachelor's degree.

What sorts of work did she do

she did computing runs. She did the math to make sure the mercy capsule landed closely to the navy ship as possible

What does this job mean for Dorothy in terms of social mobility?

she gets to interact with white people.

what does this act of defiance represent?

that they need a sign to tell them where to sit

How does Sputnik create interest in the US participation in the space race.

the US didn't want to be behind the SU and I think they were worried about the soviets knowing more than we knew about space.

How does NACA become NASA

the Us wants to get in front in the space race, so the move the all the information at Langley to Dryden in the Mojave Desert.

Who was Henry Reid

the engineer in charge of Langley lad