HIS 102 Ch. 19 Quiz

Why did members of the National Convention turn against Robespierre on the Ninth of Thermidor?

They believed that Robespierre might soon have them arrested and executed

Why did the French commissioners in Saint-Domingue abolish slavery in 1793?

They were desperate to rally the rebel slaves to the French cause against the Spanish and English forces on the island.

Continental System

A blockade imposed by Napoleon to halt all trade between continental Europe and Britain, thereby weakening the British economy and military.

Girondists

A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793.

Louis XV damaged the sense of his sacred authority by

allowing his common-born mistress to exercise tremendous influence culturally and politically.

Reign of Terror

the period, from mid-1793 to mid-1794 during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of treason and a new revolutionary culture was imposed.

What was the economic effect of Napoleon's Continental System?

French artisans and the middle class suffered, for they were economically damaged by the blockade of Great Britain

How did the National Assembly respond to the hopes and expectations of Saint Domingue's different social groups?

It frustrated the hopes of all the different social groups

Who predicted in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) that reform like that occurring in France would lead only to chaos and tyranny?

Edmund Burke

Napoleonic Code

French civil code promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property, as well as restricting rights accorded to women by previous revolutionary laws

Estates

The three legal categories, or orders, of France's inhabitants: the clergy, the nobility, and everyone else.

By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the provinces and gain momentum against the First Coalition?

It harnessed the explosive forces of a planned economy, revolutionary terror, and modern nationalism into a total war effort.

After the arrest and deportation of Toussaint L'Ouverture, how was the war of Haitian Independence resolved?

Jean-Jacques Dessalines, L'Ouverture's lieutenant, led the resistance to a crushing victory over the French and later declared Haitian independence.

Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments?

The Directory understood that big, victorious armies kept men employed

The string of French military victories after the winter of 1793-94 was largely due to

patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft

The Loyalist faction in the American Revolution

tended to be wealthy and politically moderate

National Assembly

The first French revolutionary legislature, made up primarily of representatives of the third estate and a few from the nobility and clergy, in session from 1789 to 1791.

How did Napoleon consolidate his rule?

He appealed both to disillusioned revolutionaries and members of the old nobility and offered them high posts in the expanding centralized state.

Why did Antifederalists oppose the new American constitution proposed by the Constitution Convention?

They feared for the individual freedoms for which they had fought

In the summer of 1789, the National Assembly was driven toward more radical action by

Revolutionary actions of French peasants and the common people of Paris

Grand Empire

The empire over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain and Russia.

What two fundamental principles of the French Revolution were incorporated into the Napoleonic Code?

The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property

As the Jacobins gained power, what was their reaction to women's political activity?

They banned all women's political activity, which they believed to be disorderly and a distraction from women's proper domestic duties

How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France in the Napoleonic era?

The Catholic Church gained the right to practice religion freely, while the French state gained greater control over the nomination of church officers and church activities.

How did the French armies during the French Revolution offer a mixed message to the people they conquered?

They presented themselves as liberators to the peasants and middle class but seemed more like foreign invaders as they requisitioned food and supplies and plundered local treasure.

Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?

Several thousand Parisian women

What occurred during the Hundred Days in France?

Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly

The legal definition of the composition of the prerevolutionary third estate included

everyone who was not a noble or member of the clergy

In the 1780s, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on

interest payments on debt

Estates General

legislative body made up of representatives of the three estates in pre-revolutionary France made up of representatives of each of the three classes, or estates; it was called into session in 1789 for the first time since 1614.

What was Napoleon's Grand Empire?

An enlarged France, a number of satellite kingdoms, and the independent but allied states of Austria, Prussia, and Russia.

Why was the Declaration of Independence so important to the American Revolution?

It universalized the traditional rights of English people and made them the rights of all mankind

The men elected to represent the third estate at the Estates General were primarily

lawyers and government officials

Why did Great Britain seek to raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760s?

After doubling its national debt in the Seven Years' War, Great Britain sought to tax the American colonies to fund the further defense of the colonies.

Why was France unable to manage its debt in the 18th century, even though that debt was much smaller, relative to its population, than the debt of either Great Britain or Holland?

France lacked a central bank and paper currency