HIST 180 Midterm Quiz Answers

Following the battles of Lexington and Concord, Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia, issued a proclamation

promising freedom to defecting, able-bodied slaves who would fight for the British.

Under the law in the antebellum South, enslaved people were ________.

property

Although the three regions of British North America became more distinct in the latter part of the eighteenth century, they still shared which unifying experience?

A decreasing reliance on religion

Where did Christopher Columbus first land?

Bahamas

Which of the following was not a cause of the Panic of 1819?

Banks hoarded gold and silver.

Which statement describes a lesson the colonists learned from the Seven Years' War?

British military discipline was harsh.

According to Martin Luther's doctrine of "justification by faith," how could Christians gain salvation?

By having faith that God would save them

Which of the following is not true of the Puritan religion?

Church membership required a conversion narrative..

Why didn't England make stronger attempts to colonize the New World before the late sixteenth to early seventeenth century?

English attention was turned to internal struggles and the encroaching Catholic menace to Scotland and Ireland.

What was the "conspiracy" of the New York Conspiracy Trials of 1741?

Enslaved people conspiring to burn down the city and take control

Which of the following factors played a critical role in the transformation of the New World from a region dominated by descendants of Asians to one dominated by descendants of Europeans and Africans?

European diseases

Which of the following was a goal of the Spanish in their destruction of Fort Caroline?

reducing the threat of French privateers.

To what form of government did the American revolutionaries turn after the war for independence?

republicanism

Who were the main combatants in the French and Indian War?

Great Britain against the French and their Native American allies

How did Henry VIII respond to the Protestant Reformation?

He made himself the head of the English Church.

Why did King George III seek to extract more money from the colonists?

He thought the colonists should help pay England's war debt.

Where did the Protestant Reformation begin?

Holy Roman Empire

Which statement describes the result of the anti-British boycotts of the late 1760s?

Imports fell by 40 percent.

Which culture developed a road system rivaling that of the Romans?

Inca

Why did diseases like smallpox affect Indians so badly?

Indians had no immunity to European diseases.

Which statement describes the significance of the Stamp Act Congress, held in New York in 1765?

It advanced the idea of intercolonial political action.

Which statement describes England's attempt to secure a North American settlement in the late sixteenth century?

It sent explorers but could not sustain thriving colonies.

Which religious order joined the French settlement in Canada and tried to convert the natives to Christianity?

Jesuits

In 1492, the Spanish forced these two religious groups to either convert or leave.

Muslims and Jews

How were the New England textile mills planned and built?

New England merchants and British migrants memorized plans from British mills.

Why were humans absent from the Western Hemisphere for most of early human history?

North and South America had become detached from the common landmass known as Pangaea.

Which culture developed the first writing system in the Western Hemisphere?

Olmec

Which of the following states had the most democratic constitution in the 1780s?

Pennsylvania

Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration?

Portugal

Jean Calvin's theology emphasized

Predestination

The founders of Plymouth colony were

Puritans

Which denomination did John Calvin's followers create?

Puritans

What was the predominant sect within Christianity in Pennsylvania?

Quakerism

What did Martin Luther hope to accomplish when he publicized his criticisms of the Catholic Church?

Reform in the Catholic church

To what does the term "Restoration" refer?

Restoration of Charles II to the English throne

Which country established the first colonies in the Americas?

Spain

The Negro Act of 1740 was a reaction to ________.

Stono Rebellion

The city of ________ became a leading center for Muslim scholarship and trade.

Timbuktu

What was the most lucrative product of the Chesapeake colonies?

Tobacco

Which of the following was not one of the effects of the cotton boom?

U.S. trade increased with France and Spain.

________ became wealthy trading with the East

Venice

How did the New England communities treat Quakers?

With ruthless severity

The purpose of the 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal brokered by the papacy and known as the Treaty of Tordesillas, was to

divide the world between the two countries.

The largest group of Whites in the South _______.

enslaved no one

What was the primary cause of Bacon's Rebellion?

former indentured servants wanted more opportunities to expand their territory

What was the primary goal of Britain's wars for empire from 1688 to 1763?

greater power in Europe and the world

The Puritans, who described themselves as Separatists, believed that

the Church of England was corrupt beyond redemption.

The series of attempts by Christian armies to retake the Holy Lands from Muslims was known as ________.

the Crusades

George Grenville claimed that Americans had "virtual representation" because

the House of Commons represented all British subjects, wherever they were.

Most people who migrated within the United States in the early nineteenth century went ________.

west toward Ohio

Which is the best characterization of textile mill workers in the early nineteenth century?

young farm women whose behavior was closely monitored

How did the colonists respond to the Townshend duties?

They resented that part of the revenue would pay royal governors' salaries.

How did the deaths of millions of Indians by the end of the sixteenth century affect Spain?

The deaths created a labor shortage that led to the purchase of African slaves.

Which statement accurately describes the demographics of the English colonies by 1770?

The populations of the colonies were increasingly of non-English descent.

What was the Columbian exchange?

The transatlantic trade of goods, ideas, and people that began in 1492

Which statement characterizes Quakers?

They believed everyone was equal.

Why did expansionists set their sights on the annexation of Spanish Cuba?

They did not want Cuba to become another Haiti where slavery was abolished.

Which statement characterizes deists?

They looked for God's laws in science and reason.

What was the First Great Awakening?

a Protestant revival that emphasized emotional, experiential faith over book learning

Explorers in the decades after Christopher Columbus's journey searched repeatedly for a Northwest Passage, which was

a sea route to Asia through the North Atlantic.

Which of the following does not describe a form of slavery traditionally practiced in Africa?

a system in which people are enslaved permanently on account of their race

Which of the following Indian peoples built homes in cliff dwellings that still exist?

a. Anasazi

Which of the following best describes the Columbian Exchange?

an exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas

Which of the following is not a tenet of the Enlightenment?

atheism

According to the British, the major purpose of the Tea Act of 1773 was to

boost sales for Britain's East India Company.

The increasing presence of British goods in the colonial market in the eighteenth century

built a certain material uniformity across region, religion, class, and status.

How could Spaniards obtain encomiendas?

by serving the Spanish crown

John C. Calhoun argued for greater rights for southerners with which idea?

concurrent majority

The Seven Years' War was caused by

conflicts over territory in the Ohio Valley.

Martin Luther and the Catholic Church disagreed on

how salvation could be gained.

The difference between the study of humans by archaeologists and the study of humans by historians is often distinguished by the

invention of writing

What factor made the Indian population of New Spain particularly vulnerable to measles, smallpox, and respiratory illnesses?

lack of previous exposure to these diseases

The Coercive Acts, passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for the destruction of tea, include

law closing Boston harbor until the tea was paid for.

Which of the following groups supported the abolition of slavery?

middle-class northerners

Exploration and territorial expansion became popular with Europeans in the fifteenth century because

monarchs hoped to enlarge their power.

What device developed by Johannes Gutenberg help set the stage for European exploration beginning in the fifteenth century?

movable type

Which of the following represents a concern that those in England and her colonies maintained about James II?

that he would institute a Catholic absolute monarchy

What was the Dominion of New England?

the consolidated New England colony James II create

The abolition of the foreign slave trade in 1807 led to _______.

the rise of a thriving domestic slave trade

Robert Fulton is known for inventing ________.

the steamship engine

What was the Middle Passage?

the transatlantic journey that enslaved Africans made to America

What was the chief goal of the Puritans?

to eliminate any traces of Catholicism from the Church of England

What was the main goal of the French in colonizing the Americas?

trading, especially for furs