Hist 2020 Chapter 15
What labor system for former slaves developed soon after plantation owners reclaimed their land after the Civil War?
Sharecrop system.
Which amendment to the Constitution officially ended slavery, or "involuntary servitude," in the United States?
Thirteenth Amendment
Why did Congress create the Freedmen's Bureau in 1865?
To oversee labor-management contracts of former slaves.
Why did Congress enact the "Ku-Klux Act" in 1871?
To protect a free and fair vote in the South.
President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction required 10 percent of what group to swear future loyalty to the United States?
Voting population of a state in 1860.
What did the Republican Party's nomination of Ulysses Grant for president in 1868 signify?
A retreat of the Republican Party from radicalism.
What criticism did radical Republicans have of the Freedmen's Bureau?
Agents sided with landowners against the interests of freed people too often.
What group finally decided the presidential race in 1876 in favor of the Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes?
An appointed electoral commission composed of a majority of Republicans.
Although the Freedmen's Bureau mostly dealt with labor relations, these often spilled over into matters of
Civil rights
Black Codes
Confined black freedoms with laws that singled out blacks for unequal treatment.
Who headed the Freedmen's Bureau?
General Oliver Otis Howard.
The Fifteenth Amendment
Guaranteed all men the right to vote.
Most blacks who held elected office in southern states during Reconstruction
Had been free in the prewar period.
Why did President Andrew Johnson say he vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
He doubted whether blacks were qualified for citizenship.
What was President Johnson's stand on the Fourteenth Amendment?
He urged southern states to reject the amendment.
How did President Lincoln dispose of the Wade-Davis Bill?
He used the pocket veto.
Why did General Nathaniel Banks issue stringent regulations for plantations in Louisiana?
He wanted to cut the loss of black lives in contraband camps.
What was the first accomplishment of the Fourteenth Amendment?
It overruled the Dred Scott case defining citizenship.
What was accomplished by the Second Reconstruction Act passed in July 1867?
It required ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment.
How did sharecropping help shape the social system of the postwar South?
It tied the southern economy to agriculture, particularly cotton.
Why did supporters of women's suffrage oppose ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment?
It would subject elite, educated, white women to the rule of base and illiterate males, especially immigrants and blacks.
What was the first significant postwar attempt to organize working people into a labor organization?
National Labor Union.
What effect did reports of violence against freed people have on Congress?
Moderate Republicans were radicalized.
What is meant by the term "redemption"?
Restoration of white, Democratic control in former Confederate states.
What prompted moderate Republicans to grow increasingly more radical during Reconstruction?
The violence aimed at freed people.