HIST1112 Final Exam Lessons 8-15 (Ch. 22 - Ch. 30)

The Mitsubishi Company expanded from ________ to manufacturing, profiting from the encouragement by the Japanese government of zaibatsu, or cartels. A. Crafting of samurai armor B. Sake brewing operations C. Coastal shipping D. Rice production

C. Coastal shipping

No fewer than a dozen quilombo (_________) revolts occurred in Brazil's Bahia during 1807-1828, revolts which militias found difficult to crush, given their conditions.

Independent settlements in the interior

The assassination of ________ in 1881 by a leftist terrorist organization impatient for further reforms triggered a repressive backlash from the next tsar.

Alexander II

Following the Revolution of 1905, Nicholas II repudiated the concessions granted in the October Manifesto, especially:

An independent Duma

Seven years after the Congress of Berlin in 1878, the sultan was forced to recognize the independence of _____.

Bulgaria

As a result of its loss in the Crimean War of __________, Russia was forced to recognize the Ottoman Empire's right to full integrity.

1853-1856

The end of serfdom in Russia would not come until 1861, and the end of slavery in the Ottoman Empire not until ________.

1890

The ambitious plans of Chile's president José Manuel Balmaceda Fernández fell apart as soon as 1891, due to:

A coup against him, led by conservative landowners, and his subsequent suicide

As a result of Mexico's defeat by the US in 1848, Santa Anna was forced to surrender everything north of the Rio Grande and Gila Rivers, in exchange for 18 million dollars and ___________.

A promise of US protection from further Comanche raids on Mexico

Even before the Meiji Restoration, Japan had one of the highest levels of preindustrial literacy in the world, _______ percent for males and 15 percent for females. A. 40 B. 60 C. 20 D. 10

A. 40

With the ascension of the infant Guangxu as emperor in 1874 came the regency of Empress Dowager _________. A. Cixi B. Mao C. Wu D. Mu

A. Cixi

In __________, nearly one-third of the population consisted of immigrants, a share much higher than at any time in the United States.

Argentina

Between 1894 and 1896, the Ottoman sultan armed Kurdish tribal units, which massacred thousands of _______ villagers.

Armenian

Shiites are unique in having a small number, about half a dozen today, of ___________ ("signs of God"), who are distinguished by their knowledge of the Quran and Islamic tradition.

Ayatollahs

The culmination of the trend to incorporate Western models into the Japanese _____________ was Natsume Soseki's Kokoro (1914). A. Theater B. Novel C. Newspaper D. Epic poem

B. Novel

The Tonghak, or "_________", the movement kept the Korean peninsula a volatile one in the 19th century, inspiring peasant rebellions in 1810 and 1860. A. Brother of Jesus B. Expel the Japanese C. Eastern learning D. Power to the People

C. Eastern learning

The Japanese occupation of Manchuria's Liaodong Peninsula in the 1890s was opposed by the Triple Intervention, an alliance of all of the following European countries except: A. Germany B. France C. Great Britain D. Russia

C. Great Britain

The _________ Constitution was promulgated in 1889 and remained in force in Japan until it was supplanted by a constitution composed by Allied occupation forces after World War II. A. Seiyukai B. Sukiyaki C. Meiji D. Daimyo

C. Meiji

The power of opium to suppress pain and hunger made it particularly attractive to the ____________ inhabitants of south China. A. Non-native and temporary B. Middle-class and medically-trained C. Poor and ordinary D. Wealthy and socially aspiring

C. Poor and ordinary

In a reform of the educational system in 1782, _________ made education, from urban primary schools to high schools, free and mostly staffed with clergy.

Catherine II the Great

The constitution introduced by Dom Pedro I of Brazil in 1823:

Concentrated powers in the emperor's hands

A ________ sect called the White Lotus sparked a rebellion against the Qing soon after the Qianlong emperor stepped down from his throne in 1795. A. Ming B. Confucian C. Manchu D. Buddhist

D. Buddhist

Living on the edge of poverty in many areas, with old trade routes and handicrafts disrupted by the treaty ports, many _______ saw in the Taipings, the Nian, and other local rebellions a desperate way to change their situations. A. Members of the Hakka minority B. Opium dealers C. Cohong members D. Peasants

D. Peasants

The commander of an American fleet, Matthew C. _________, arrived in Japan in July 1853, deliberately attempting to impress the Japanese with Western technological might. A. Pinkerton B. Dewey C. Pershing D. Perry

D. Perry

The two key terms in the popular Chinese self-strengthening formulation Zhongxue wei ti and Xixue wei yong meant "Chinese studies for the essence" and "Western studies for the __________." A. Dutch science in Japan B. Resistance to foreigners C. Future of China D. Practical application

D. Practical application

Reformers in Ottoman Empire introduced a system of "life lease" for taxation in the 18th century, mirroring developments that were taking place in the taxation system of _______.

France

The Ottoman vassal in Egypt, Muhammad Ali, rose in rebellion and would have conquered ____________ had European forces not intervened.

Istanbul

The more moderate group of political activists in the Social Democratic Labor Party, meeting in London in 1903, called itself the ___________ ("minority", though they were actually numerically the majority) and aimed for the eventual overthrow of capitalism and tsarist rule.

Mensheviks

The Decembrist Revolt was led by a small number of _________ in 1825, but it was quickly suppressed and its leaders were hanged.

Military officers who wanted reforms

Russian serfs were organized into ____, or communes, which oversaw economic and legal affairs, and their dwellings were clustered around a village center.

Mirs

During his short tenure as the Republic of Mexico's second president, in 1829, Vicente Guerrero:

Officially abolished slavery

When they entered Mexico City in 1915, Álvaro Obregón and his Constitutionalists were:

Opposed to Emiliano Zapata's land redistribution policy

Coffee, rubber, and sugar exports yielded high profits and taxes in Brazil until 1896, when:

Overproduction of coffee resulted in diminishing returns

The ______ loss of the War of the Pacific (1879-1884) resulted in the annexation of some of its territory and mines, together with the destruction wrought by the enemy's troops.

Peruvian

When Latin American republics declared their independence, the Popes in Rome:

Refused to recognize their independence, concerned with the power of naming bishops

The economies of most Latin American nations, with the exception of Argentina and Peru, were characterized by a ___________ in the late 1800s.

Reliance on one commodity only and a lack of diversification

Contrary to expectations, wages for laborers in Latin America ____________ in the 1800s

Remained low, because ethnic discrimination and racism trumped market conditions

In 1839, the Ottoman government issued a series of reform edicts that are collectively known as Tanzimat or "______".

Reorganizations

In 1912, ______, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece collaborated in the First Balkan War, forcing Ottoman forces to retreat from the strategically important city of Edirne and move back to Istanbul.

Serbia

In the 1870s, conservative intellectuals broadened the conceptualization of Russian nationality into an ideology of Pan-__________.

Slavism

Spurred by the development of European politics and influenced by waves of immigrants from Spain and Italy, two major urban opposition parties took shape in 1890s Argentina, the Radical Party and the __________.

Socialists

In 18th-century eastern Arabia, a local _________, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, exploited Ottoman decentralization to ally himself with Ibn Saud, the head of a powerful family.

Sunni cleric

By the early 1900s, virtually the only supporters of Porfirio Díaz were:

Technocrat administrators, the científicos, who were aging themselves

Simón Bolívar was deeply impressed in 1804 when he witnessed:

The coronation of Napoleon as emperor in Paris

After a dozen years of careful maneuvering, a(n) ______-born sultan reconstituted the core of his army, neutralized many nobles, and crushed the Janissaries in a bloody massacre in 1826.

Ukrainian

________ was so impressed with Nikolai Chernyshevsky's novel What Is to Be Done? that he referred to it as one of the most influential books he had ever read and used the same title for one of his own treatises.

Vladimir Lenin

In 1811, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla:

Was captured and executed by loyal Spanish forces

As a result of a British and French raid on Beijing in 1860, a newly created Chinese board, the Zongli Yamen, was to handle Qing ________, and the Chinese were invited to send their own ambassadors abroad. A. Foreign relations B. Naval development C. Opium importation D. Economic policy

A. Foreign relations

An anti-Qing and anti-foreign group calling itself the Society of the _________ Fists was referred to as "Boxers" by the foreign community in China A. Harmonious B. Subaltern C. Eastern D. Victorious

A. Harmonious

In 1899, _________, the US secretary of state, circulated a note suggesting that all powers remain committed to an "open door" to trade in China. A. John Hay B. Henry Adams C. Elihu Root D. Theodore Roosevelt

A. John Hay

In ________ in the 1700s, one of the two major Pashtu tribal federations revolted repeatedly against the efforts of the Safavids to convert them to Shiite Islam.

Afghanistan

The most prominent of the ___________, which emerged in the 1860s, was Shenbao. A. Chinese-language novels B. Chinese-language newspapers C. Protestant missionary tracts D. Scientific journals

B. Chinese-language newspapers

Through a treaty, the British imposed the policy of _________, by which their subjects who were accused of violating Chinese laws would be tried and punished by British consuls. A. Nontariff autonomy B. Extraterritoriality C. Diplomatic immunity D. Supernationality

B. Extraterritoriality

The Treaty of ______ between the Chinese and the British in 1842 marked the first of the century's "unequal treaties" that would be imposed throughout east Asia by European powers. A. Guangzhou B. Nanjing C. Tianjin D. Shanghai

B. Nanjing

The ________ Rebellion, led by Hong Xiuquan and his Christian-influenced declarations, began in 1851. A. Arrow B. Taiping C. Qingdao D. Tonghak

B. Taiping

When the _________ in 1849 authorized warships to enter Brazilian waters to intercept slave ships, the importation of slaves virtually ceased.

British

By 1810, when the first independence movements were formed in the viceroyalty of La Plata, the porteños were:

Creoles living in Buenos Aires who favored independence from Spain

In April ________ the new Emperor Meiji issued a "charter oath" in which he renounced, at least officially, the restrictive measures of the past. A. 1905 B. 1854 C. 1885 D. 1868

D. 1868

A(n) _________ consortium had begun gigantic earth-moving work to build a Panama Canal in 1879, but as a result of landslides, flooding, tropical diseases, and engineering disputes, it finally went bankrupt in 1888.

French

In urban areas, ________ frequently ran shops, managed markets, were proprietors of cantinas, and performed a host of skilled and unskilled jobs, particularly in the textile and food trades.

Women