histology 3

9. Synapse, involving the release of neurotransmitter is referred to as: A) Chemical synapse, B) Electrical synapse, C) Gap junction, D) Tight junction

A) Chemical synapse,

1. In the choroid plexus water from capillaries is transported directly into the cerebrospinal fluid by what structure(s)? A) Ependyma B) Astrocytes C) Cells of the arachnoid mater D) Lining of the central canal E) Microglial cells

A) Ependyma

16. Examination of a normal peripheral blood smear reveals a cell more than twice the diameter of an erythrocyte with a kidney-shaped nucleus. There cells are < 10% of the total leukocytes. Which of the following cell types is being described? A) Monocyte B) Basophil C) Eosinophil D) Neutrophil E) Lymphocyte

A) Monocyte

4. Unspecialized stem cells that are derived from mesenchyme. A) Osteoprogenitor cells, B) Osteocytes, C) Osteoblasts, D) Osteoclasts

A) Osteoprogenitor cells,

19. Marginal bundle of platelets consists of: A) actin filaments and microtubules B) alpha and delta granules C) a system of membrane vesicles

A) actin filaments and microtubules

12. Which germ layer does nerve system develop from? A) ectoderm B) mesoderm C) endoderm

A) ectoderm

14. Which blood cells are shown on this light microscopic picture? A) erythrocytes B) thrombocytes C) lymphocytes D) monocytes

A) erythrocytes

17. Which white blood cell is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) lymphocyte B) monocyte C) neutrophil D) eosinophil E) basophil

A) lymphocyte

3. What is the name of the glial cells that act as phagocytes to aid in protecting CNS neurons? A) microglia, B) astrocytes, C) oligodendrocytes

A) microglia,

7. The epiphysial growth plate, where cartilage is removed and bone is formed, is marked by four stages (left to right): A) resting zone, proliferative zone, hypertrophy zone, ossification zone B) ossification zone, hypertrophy zone, proliferative zone, resting zone C) resting zone, hypertrophy zone, proliferative zone, ossification zone D) ossification zone, resting zone, proliferative zone, hypertrophy zone

A) resting zone, proliferative zone, hypertrophy zone, ossification zone

7. Dendritic spines are sites for: A) synapses, B) myelinization, C) protein synthesis

A) synapses,

10. ________________ differentiate from (stem) osteoprogenitor cells and secrete components of the initial matrix, called osteoid, that allow matrix mineralization to occur. A)osteoblasts, B)osteoclasts, C)osteocytes

A)osteoblasts,

. On this scheme, indicate types of capillaries. 1. 2. 3. A) 1. Sinusoid, 2. Fenestrated, 3. Continuous B) 1. Continuous, 2. Fenestrated, 3. Sinusoid C) 1. Fenestrated, 2. Continuous, 3. Sinusoid D) 1. Continuous, 2. Sinusoid, 3. Fenestrated

B) 1. Continuous, 2. Fenestrated, 3. Sinusoid

8. Which biochemical component of the erythrocyte cell surface is primarily responsible for determining blood type (eg, the A-B-O system)? A) Fatty acid B) Carbohydrate C) Nucleic acid D) Protein E) Cholesterol

B) Carbohydrate

14. What are Sharpey's fibers? A) Elastic fibers B) Collagen fibers C) Reticular fibers D) Trabeculae E) Dense regular connective tissue

B) Collagen fibers

1. What is the cell body of a neuron called? A) Ganglion B) Perikaryon C) Astrocyte D) Nissl E) Terminal bouton

B) Perikaryon

12. Which cell is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) pyramidal neuron B) Purkinje neuron C) astrocyte

B) Purkinje neuron

1. Individuals with Marfan syndrome have mutations in the fibrillin gene and commonly experience aortic aneurisms. What portion of the arterial wall is most likely to be affected by the malformed fibrillin? A) Endothelium B) Tunica intima C) Tunica media D) Tunica adventitia E) Vasa vasorum

B) Tunica intima

11. Which type of glial cells are on this light microscopic picture? A) microglia, B) astrocytes, C) oligodendrocytes D) neurolemmocytes E) satellite cells F) ependymal cells

B) astrocytes,

9. Ganglia are: A) clusters of neuronal somas inside CNS, B) clusters of neuronal somas outside CNS, C) bundles of axons inside CNS, D) bundles of axonsoutside CNS

B) clusters of neuronal somas outside CNS

15. Which white blood cell is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) lymphocyte B) eosinophil C) neutrophil D) monocyte E) basophil

B) eosinophil

7. Lymph is: A) plasma B) excess interstitial fluid C) serum

B) excess interstitial fluid

4. The brain and spinal cord have noticeable areas of gray and white. Which of the following constitutes the white matter? A) dendrites, B) myelinated axons, C) soma of neurons

B) myelinated axons,

2. Which of the following is the best definition of an artery? A) vessels that transport oxygenated blood, B) vessels that transport blood away from the heart, C) the place where oxygen is exchanged with carbon dioxide

B) vessels that transport blood away from the heart,

5.The hardness of bone results from the presence of inorganic matter, mainly: A)Collagen, B)Hydroxyapatite, C)Hyaluronan

B)Hydroxyapatite,

8. The bones can supply calcium ions by allowing them to leave the bones and enter into the bloodstream. The cells that induce this absorption of calcium ions into the bloodstream are the "bone destroying cells" called __________ A)osteoblasts, B)osteoclasts, C)osteocytes

B)osteoclasts,

2. A report from a hospital pathology laboratory indicates that a microscope slide with a small specimen of neural tissue contains "numerous GFAP-positive" cells. What is the most likely source of this specimen? A) A region of white matter B) A sensory ganglion C) A region of gray matter D) An autonomic ganglion E) Pia mater

C) A region of gray matter

3. Vasa vasorum serve a function analogous to that of which of the following? A) Valves B) Basal lamina C) Coronary arteries D) Endothelial diaphragms E) Arterioles

C) Coronary arteries

15. What is bone formation called when the bone is formed from a cartilage template? A) Intraosseous B) Intramembranous C) Endochondral D) Endosteum

C) Endochondral

6. The cells in bone tissue include: A) Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes B) Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, lacunae, and osteoclasts. C) Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. D) Osteoprogenitor cells, osteons, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

C) Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.

6. Which structures of nerve cells do send impulses from the cell body? A) dendrites, B) the nodes of Ranvier, C) axons, D) perikaryon

C) axons,

12. Which cells of blood have no nucleus? A) lymphocytes, B) monocytes, C) erythrocytes, D) eosinophils

C) erythrocytes,

5. Purkinje fibers typically are more pale staining than contractile cardiac muscle fibers, because of: A) lipid droplets B) myelin C) glycogen

C) glycogen

10. Neurofilaments are: A) microtubules, B) actin filaments, C) intermediate filaments, D) none from above

C) intermediate filaments,

10. All leukocytes have just one nucleus, but some have several lobes in their nucleus. Which of the following does NOT have a multi‐lobed nucleus? A) basophil, B) eosinophil, C) lymphocyte D) neutrophil

C) lymphocyte

7. _________are highly specialized to transmit electrical impulses from one site in the body to another; they are also specialized to integrate those impulses. A) Nissl bodies, B) pia mater, C) neurons, D) neuropil

C) neurons,

13. Which type of neurons is shown on the scheme? A) multipolar B) bipolar C) unipolar

C) unipolar

1. Where is endothelium located? A)Epicardium, B)Myocardium, C)Endocardium, D) Pericardium

C)Endocardium,

3. Which of the following is characteristic of the chromatophilic material called Nissl substance in neural tissue? A) Found throughout neurons B) Site of mRNA translation for proteins of the neuron C) Most abundant in unipolar neurons D) Becomes more abundant as an individual gets older E) An example of intermediate filament proteins

D) Becomes more abundant as an individual gets older

19. Which if the following most accurately describes compact bone? A) Predominant bone type in the epiphyses of adult long bones B) Also known as cancellous bone C) Characterized by the presence of osteons D) Lines the medullary (marrow) cavity E) Forms the diploe in cranial bones

D) Lines the medullary (marrow) cavity

8. Which of the following events occurs immediately after an action potential reaches a synapse at an axon terminal? A) Vesicle fusion with the presynaptic terminal membrane B) Calcium ion influx at the presynaptic terminal C) Neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane D) Neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft E) Binding of the neurotransmitter at the presynaptic terminal

D) Neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft

11. Which one of the following is a correct statement concerning Haversian systems? A) are found in fetal skeletons B) are found in woven bone C) develop around Volkman's canals D) develop around a blood vessel E) are most common during rapid growth of adolescence

D) develop around a blood vessel

. A single axon is classified as a __________. A) ganglion, B) nerve bundle, C) nerve tract D) nerve fiber

D) nerve fiber

13. In most CNS regions, neurons protected by the blood-brain barrier, consisting of are the perivascular feet of ____________ processes. A) neurolemmocytic B) oligodendrocytic C) ependymal D) none from above

D) none from above

4. Endothelium is special type of which tissue? A) connective tissue, B) muscle, C) basement membrane D) none from above

D) none from above

13. Platelet is another name for: A) macrophage, B) goblet cell, C) lymphocyte, D) thrombocyte

D) thrombocyte

4. Which term does not belong with the others? A)brain, B)spinal cord, C) CNS, D)spinal nerve

D)spinal nerve

10. What provides tensile strength to a neuron? A) Meninges B) Myelinated nerve fibers C) Cell bodies D) Nodes of Ranvier E) Neurofilaments

E) Neurofilaments

8. A node of Ranvier is A) the point of near-contact between the processes of two neurons B) characteristic of unmyelinated fibers C) a constriction of the axon D) a nerve receptor E) a junction between two Schwann cells

E) a junction between two Schwann cells

11. Blood platelets are products of A) osteoclasts B) basophils C) red blood cells D) plasma cells E) megakaryocytes

E) megakaryocytes

18. Heparin is produced by A) hepatocytes B) macrophages C) lymphocytes D) plasma cells E) none from above

E) none from above

11. Which type of glial cells are on this light microscopic picture of central canal of CNS? A) microglia, B) astrocytes, C) oligodendrocytes D) neurolemmocytes E) satellite cells F) ependymal cells

F) ependymal cells