History 112- Chapter 14

carpet baggers

a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction.

scalawags

a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

general o.o howard

career United States Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War.

swing around the circle

disastrous speaking campaign undertaken by U.S. President Andrew Johnson between August 27 and September 15, 1866, in which he tried to gain support for his mild Reconstruction policies and for his preferred candidates

radical republicans

faction of American politicians within the Republican Party of the United States from around 1854 (before the American Civil War) until the end of Reconstruction in 1877.

sharecropping

form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land

15th amendment

granted African American men the right to vote

14th Amendment

grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War.

1867 Congressional Reconstruction Act

laid out the process for readmitting Southern states into the Union

black codes

laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.

colfax massacre

occurred on Easter Sunday, April 13, 1873, in Colfax, Louisiana during confrontation between opposing political forces of the Republicans and Democrats.

10% plan

part of Lincoln's reconstruction plan that specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union.

compromise of 1877

purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. It resulted in the national government pulling the last federal troops out of the South, and formally ended the Reconstruction Era.

memphis riot

violent events that occurred from May 1 to 3, 1866 in Memphis, Tennessee starting with a white police officer attempting to arrest a black ex-soldier and an estimated fifty blacks showed up to stop the police from jailing him. Broke out in shooting and many were killed.

freedmen's bureau

was a U.S. federal government agency established in 1865 to aid freedmen (freed slaves) in the South during the Reconstruction era of the United States

KKK

white supremacist organization that was founded in 1866. Throughout its notorious history, factions of the secret fraternal organization have used acts of terrorism—including murder, lynching, arson, rape, and bombing—to oppose the granting of civil rights to African Americans.

Andrew Johnson

17th president after Lincoln, proceeded to reconstruct the former confederate states

Abraham Lincoln

American politician and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.