History 112- Chapter 14
carpet baggers
a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction.
scalawags
a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit
13th Amendment
abolished slavery
general o.o howard
career United States Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War.
swing around the circle
disastrous speaking campaign undertaken by U.S. President Andrew Johnson between August 27 and September 15, 1866, in which he tried to gain support for his mild Reconstruction policies and for his preferred candidates
radical republicans
faction of American politicians within the Republican Party of the United States from around 1854 (before the American Civil War) until the end of Reconstruction in 1877.
sharecropping
form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land
15th amendment
granted African American men the right to vote
14th Amendment
grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War.
1867 Congressional Reconstruction Act
laid out the process for readmitting Southern states into the Union
black codes
laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
colfax massacre
occurred on Easter Sunday, April 13, 1873, in Colfax, Louisiana during confrontation between opposing political forces of the Republicans and Democrats.
10% plan
part of Lincoln's reconstruction plan that specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union.
compromise of 1877
purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. It resulted in the national government pulling the last federal troops out of the South, and formally ended the Reconstruction Era.
memphis riot
violent events that occurred from May 1 to 3, 1866 in Memphis, Tennessee starting with a white police officer attempting to arrest a black ex-soldier and an estimated fifty blacks showed up to stop the police from jailing him. Broke out in shooting and many were killed.
freedmen's bureau
was a U.S. federal government agency established in 1865 to aid freedmen (freed slaves) in the South during the Reconstruction era of the United States
KKK
white supremacist organization that was founded in 1866. Throughout its notorious history, factions of the secret fraternal organization have used acts of terrorism—including murder, lynching, arson, rape, and bombing—to oppose the granting of civil rights to African Americans.
Andrew Johnson
17th president after Lincoln, proceeded to reconstruct the former confederate states
Abraham Lincoln
American politician and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.