History 1302 - Quiz 6

After the war was over, what regreats did Harry S. Truman have over dropping the bomb?

"I have no regrets and under the same circumstances, I would do it again."

What did Kennedy say about the Berlin Wall?

'it's not a very nice solution but a wall is a hell of a lot better than a war'

What protest tactic did black students in Greensboro, North Carolina initiate? How was this an example of militant nonviolence?

- "Sit-ins" to end segregated lunch counters. - They sat at the lunch counter during the lunch hour and took up seats, resulting in a loss of money

Who was Lee Harvey Oswald and what did he do?

- He was a communist that at one point denounced his American citizenship and moved to Russia before moving back to America. - Allegedly assassinated John F Kennedy

Who was Ruby Bridges? How did she and her family practice militant nonviolence?

- Ruby Bridges was the first black child in a newly desegregated white school who had to be escorted by U.S. Marshalls due to protests. - They ignored the protests and continued with her education despite being ostracized

During 1963, pictures proved that ______ missiles were in _____aimed at the United States.

- Russian - Cuba

How did the Supreme Court rule in Brown v. Topeka Board of Education? How was this court case an example of militant nonviolence?

- The Supreme Court struck down "seperate but equal" in public education - They fought the law not with violence but within the courtroom

How did the community practice militant nonviolence during the Montgomery Bus Boycott? What was the result?

- They boycotted the bus in favor of walking or riding bikes for 381 days. - It ended the racial segregation rules of the Montgomery Bus Company

How did the Freedom Riders practice militant nonviolence? What changed as a result of their actions?

- They peacefully tested desegregation in segregated facilities - It resulted in the Interstate Commerce Commission ordering desegregated seating on buses and violations would result in $500 fines

What was the goal of the Birmingham campaign? How did King and others practice militant nonviolence?

- Top open employment to people of all races and to end segregation in public facilities, restraunts, schools, and stores - They marched

What is McCarthyism? What was Senator McCarthy very effective at doing?

- When someone attacks the loyalty of politicans, federal employees, and public figures despite the lack of evidence - Exploiting public fears

What year did the Baby Boom start?

1946

What year was President Kennedy elected?

1960

What Constitutional Amendent lowered the voting age in America from 21 to 18 years of age?

26th Amendment

What did John F. Kennedy promise America in his presidential campaigns?

A "new frontier"

Who was Captain Gail Halverson?

A pilot who helped drop supplies to West Berlin and started the candy bombings

What was the most popular household product of the 1950s?

A televsion set

When Fidel Castro led a revolution in Cuba in 1959, large portions of the Cuban economy was owned by the people of what country?

America

What did Winston Churchill compare the boundary between Soviet-occupied Eastern Europe and Western Europe to?

An iron curtain

In 1961, Khrushchev escalated tensions over Berlin by

Building the Berlin Wall

What was religion trying to combat during the 1950s?

Communism

State Department official George Kennan claimed that the best way to deal with the Soviet's expansion threats was to practice what?

Containment

Who sold out Ethel Rosenberg?

David Greenglass

What conflicting ideologies led to the Cold War?

Democratic capitalism vs totalitarian communism

What was the happiest place on earth?

Disneyland

With the end of the Second World War, women workers who had taken on traditionally male jobs during the war were encouraged to quit their jobs and return to what?

Domestic labor

If you had an "I like Ike" bumper sticker in 1952, who most likely would you have voted for?

Dwight D. Eisenhower

What did the Head Start Program offer?

Early childhood education opportunities to children from low-income families

What did the GI Bill offer to returning veterans?

Educational benefit, housing loans, medical treatments, and a program to avoid post-war depression

How many sectors was Berlin divided into after the war?

Four sectors

What did the Truman Doctrine give to countries resisting Communism?

Free gifts of financial aid to support their economy and military

The Screen Actors Guild president testified to the House of Un-American Activities Committee that Hollywood was full of what?

Full of "Reds" (Communists)

What did President Johnson label his overall program of domestic reform?

Great Society

Though Johnson believed the United States had an obligation to keep its promises to South Vietnam, what was another more reason why he committed American forces to combat operations?

He did not want to be remembered as a President who lost Southeast Asia to Communism

By 1968, how did Johnson see his position in relation to the Vietnam War?

He embraced the containment theory and did not want to be remembered as a President who lost Southeast Asia to Communism

What was Bull Conner's reaction to the protests in Birmingham?

He jailed hundreds of the marchers including children and had them sprayed with fire hoses as well as attacked by police dogs

What did President Eisenhower have to do to make sure that the African American students could attend Little Rock Central?

He sent the U.S. Army and federalized 10,000 Arkansas National Guard

What was the idea behind the New Frontier according to John F. Kennedy?

He wanted America to explore science and space, embark on issues of poverty and surplus, and be more aggressive in waging the cold war than Eisenhower

What was Chuck Berry able to do with his music?

Helped bridge the class and racial divisions

Why was Elvis especially controversial?

His suggestive gyrations on stage

Why did Kennedy say thank god for Bull Conner?

His violent actions in Birmingham resulted in a federal civil rights bill

How did the United Nations respond when North Korea attacked South Korea?

It authorized military intervention against the aggressors

Was the Great Society successful?

It brought the poverty down but did so by providing federal welfare over decent jobs

What was the significance of the "falling-domino" theory?

It came true in the Vietnam War

What was the significance of the Federal-Aid Highway Act 1956?

It created a large network of interstate highways, which in turn helped create jobs, tourism oppurtunities, and economic growth

When did the Korean War end?

It never ended

What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

It outlawed segregation in public facilities

What is one way the Chinese Civil War proved significant for the cold war?

It resulted in the victory of communists over Chinese Nationalists, and the Communists would go on to intervene in the Korean War to aid their North Korean allies

What happened to the U.S. marriage rate during the fifties?

It rose

What did the Montgomery Bus Boycott show about well-coordinated, nonviolent activism?

It showed that change can happen without violent protests (militant nonviolence)

Why did Kennedy consider the invasion of the Bay of Pigs to be a colossal mistake?

It was thoroughly bungled and embarassed Kennedy

What did Dr. Spock say about crying babies?

It's okay to pick up a crying baby, they will not be spoiled. Mother's should trust their instincts over a rigid schedule.

Baseball was integrated in 1947 when ________ played for the Brooklyn Dodgers.

Jackie Robinson

What happened on 11.22.1963 in Dallas, Texas?

John F Kennedy was assassinated

What complicated American efforts to defeat the Viet Cong in South Vietnam?

Limited federal fundings and public fatigue from the war

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 forbid?

Literacy tests

What best describes Martin Luther Kin Jr's philosophy?

Militant Nonviolence

After World War II, did the American soldiers return to a physically devestated country?

No

Did Stalin obey the Yalta pledges of democratic elections in Eastern Europe after the war was over?

No

Was containment successful at the end of the Vietnam War?

No

Was the United States able to contain commuism in China?

No

The Cuban missle crisis brought the United States and the Soviet Union close to what?

Nuclear war (WW3)

Violence eropted in 1962, when James Meredith attempted to integrate into what college?

Ole Miss

In January 1964, in his first State of the Union address, President Lyndon Johnson declared "unconditional" war on what?

Poverty

What did Truman fear would happen if Stalin was able to take over west Berlin?

That Western Germany will be next and communism will run rampant

What trend did the Baby Boom reinforce for women?

That a woman's place was at home

What began to thaw after the Cuban Missile Crisis?

The Cold War

What was the most successful peacetime diplomatic initiative?

The Marshall Plan

What two countries were competing to be the most powerful in the world?

The United States and the Soviet Union

With the elimination of German Nazism and the defeat of Japan, what became the main U.S. foreign policy concerns following the Second World War?

The United States and the Soviet Union were now competing for global influence

What war hindered Johnson's Great Society?

The Vietnam War

Due to the heroic efforts of African Americans during the war, what is Truman encouraged to sign?

The desegregation of the military (Executive Order 9981)

What was Truman concerned about now that the war was over?

The economy. Jobs were plentiful during wartime, but those services were no longer needed.

Johnson's Medicare program provided medical benefits to what group of people?

The elderly

Drawing on the assumptions of the "domino theory," Truman believed the Soviet and Communist activities in Greece would allow for what?

The fall of the other nations in eatern Mediterranean, followed by those in Western Europe if left unchecked

The Soviet acquisition of the atomic bomb in 1949 inspired Truman to build what?

The hydrogen bomb

How did Life magazine describe the ideal woman of the mid-1950s?

The ideal woman was having babies

What vaccine was developed during the Happy Days that ensured children did not have to suffer from polio?

The polio vaccine

What did I Love Lucy reinforce?

The role of a woman as a housewife

Why did black and poor white Americans tend to not vote in 1952?

They could not pass the literacy test

In 1957, nine African American students attended Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas for the first time. How did these students practice militant nonviolence?

They maintained composure when going to school everyday despite violent protests

What could happen to someone who worked in Hollywood if they were suspected of Un-American activities?

They were blacklisted - never to work in Hollywood again

What happened to Cold War spies like Ethel Rosenberg?

They were executed

What were children taught to do in the event of an atomic bomb explosion?

To "duck and cover" like a turtle

Why was the House of Un-American Activities Committee created?

To invesitagte alleged disloyalty and suspicous activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and organizations suspected of having communist ties

What was Truman's response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948?

To launch a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin

What was the main reason the Soviets placed missiles in Cuba?

To prevent a repeat of the Bay of Pigs (another invasion of Cuba)

What was the intention of the Marshall Plan?

To reconstruct the European economy, neutralize Communist uprisings, and build up foreign markets for American products

What was the purpose of Food Stamps?

To safeguard the health and well-being of the Nation's population and raise levels of nutrition among low-income households

What was the purpose in creating Sesame Street?

To teach lower-income children

According to her voter's card, was Lucille Ball a communist?

Yes

Was communism successfully contained in West Berlin?

Yes

Would a "good" mother feed their children TV dinners while the kids watched Superman?

Yes

What did the Candy Bomber achieve?

won the hearts of America's defeated enemies, and inspired people around the world to believe in America's fundamental goodness.