History & Sociology of Funeral Service (ARTS)

Were not formally medically trained

"Barbers of the Short Robe":

Those who practiced cavity embalming

"Belly Punchers" was an informal name given to:

Immediate Disposition

A Direct cremation is best described as a/an:

Taboo

A behavior which dictates that the individual must abstain from a certain act dealing with death is a:

Barbe

A bonnet, which resembled a beard, which was a required item of clothing by widows during the Middle Ages is referred to as a:

Modified extended family

A cluster of two or more nuclear families, united by a social bone for security, protection and help is:

Subculture

A division of culture that has traits in common with that culture but has unique traits of its own is:

Soul shot

A fee that was paid from a deceased's estate to cover the expense of the Requiem Mass:

Memorial Service

A funeral rite where the body is not present is BEST described as a/an:

Furnishing Undertaker

A name for one who provided supplies and merchandise to funeral undertakers who were dealing directly with the public:

Buffoon

A person who was designated to portray the deceased in a funeral profession:

Culture

A system of abstract patterns of and for both living and dying which are learned directly or indirectly is:

Effigy

A waxed death mask, usually used during funerals for those of nobility, is called a:

One's soul was weighed on a scale against a feather

All of the following are components of the Greek view of the afterlife, except:

Considered matriarchal in governing

All of the following are considered qualities of a nuclear family, except:

Belief that all both sexes are equal

All of the following are cultural universals, except:

Were non-denominational burial grounds in larger cities

All of the following are true about the catacombs, except:

It attempted to encourage more simple funerals

All of the following are true in regards to the The Burial in Woolen Act of 1666, except:

Sarcophagi

All of the following are types of Greek tombs, EXCEPT: Kones Naidia Stelea Trapazea

Cabinet makers Upholsterers Glass Midwives All of these industries were involved

All of the following industries, except ______________, were involved at some point in the early American industry of providing funeral goods and services.

Cabinet makers Upholsterers Glass workers Midwives All of these industries were involved

All of the following industries, except ______________, were involved at some point in the early American industry of providing funeral goods and services.

Elysian Fields

An afterlife that is reserved just for heroes and the high class

Funeral rite

An all inclusive term used by people to encompass all funeral and/or memorial services is a/an:

"Inviter to Funerals"

An early American municipal appointment that was responsible for calling on those who were expected to attend a funeral service.

Ogee design

An innovation introduced to square sided caskets in order to reduce the excess space and weight; characterized by an "S" shaped curvature:

Drummers

Another name for Casket Salesman:

Catafalque

Another name for a casket bier that was utilized during the middle ages is a:

Cortege

Another name for a funeral procession is:

Man-like

Anthropoidal means:

Sleeping place

Cemetery also means:

Cerecloth

Cloth that was covered in wax that was used for shrouding bodies and helped temporarily "preserve" bodies

Religion

Culturally entrenched patterns of behavior made up of sacred beliefs, emotional feelings accompanying those beliefs and overt conduct presumably implementing those beliefs and feeling is:

Sin eater

During the Middle Ages, it was customary to pay someone to eat bread over the deceased's body, ceremoniously representing that individual taking unto himself the sins of the deceased. This person was called a/an:

Models of simplicity and quiet dignity

Early American Colonial Funerals can be best described as:

Decani

Early Christian funeral functionaries that cared for the deceased:

Chemical Companies

Early embalming "schools" were run by:

Burial and sanitation reform

Edwin Chadwick is most notable for his contributions to what?

Taboo

Embalming, within the Orthodox Jewish Faith, is considered a

Roman

Epicureans, those who believed the body was made up of atoms and nothing more and therefore followed the motto "Eat, drink and be merry, for tomorrow we shall die," were seen in which ancient culture:

Ethnocentric

Ian grew up in Southern Ireland as a strict Catholic. He believes that the customs that he grew up with in regards to death are ideal and does not accept nor understand those beliefs often associated with Northern Ireland of Protestant Faith and upbringing. His belief can be described as

The Heart

In Ancient Egyptian Culture, what was considered the Brain or the "Seat of Intellect?"

Dismal Traders

In England the occupation involving furnishing paraphernalia of mourning style, specifically the Feudal Funeral was also known as:

A door "Badge" would be hung outside the home

In early America, what would give the outward indication that a family had experienced a death?

Society does not choose funeral rites according to family tradition

In regards to death through sociology, all of the following are correct, except:

Families started to outsource their death care

In relation to death care, what development occurred as early American cities grew?

Egyptian

In which Ancient Culture would one encounter the "Cult of Osiris?"

Hebrew

In which of the following ancient cultures was burial required to take place 24 hours after death, originally, in part, for hygienic reasons?

The need to transport deceased individuals far distances from their place of death

Independent Heart Burial was born out of/as a:

Socialization

Judy is 5 and she is attending her grandmother's funeral. She sees an urn on a table and the minister is saying prayers. She will remember this later in life when she thinks of a "funeral." What is Judy experiencing?

State

Licensing for funeral professionals is on what level?

Dr. Richard Harlan

Many advancements in Embalming took place in Europe and Americans were able to benefit greatly as a result. In one case, a French anatomist, Jean Gannal wrote a how to book, called "History of Embalming." Who translated this work into English so that it could be utilized in America?

Rejection of the concept of the fundamental worth of the body

Marin Luther and the Protestant Reformation resulted in all of the following changes, except:

Physiological (Food, shelter)

Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs" dictates a series of human needs. What was the most foundational need?

Michigan

NFDA arose out which State's Association?

Single Parent

Of the following family systems, which one will experience the most drastic change, should eldest male or breadwinner die?

Urbanization

Of the following terms, which best describe the movement from rural areas into the suburbs?

Was determined by one's social rank

Roman funeral processions were always held:

The Style "E" State Casket

Samuel Stein was most notable for his development of what?

Christian

The "Kiss of Peace," which was a final kiss given to the deceased during a waking period, was a custom in which ancient culture?

Romans

The Ancient Civilization that was significant in the introduction of the secular "funeral director," which mirrors the modern day American Funeral Director in his/her function was the:

Egyptian

The Kher-heb was the primary funeral functionary in which culture?

Law

The State requirement to obtain a Permit for Burial or Cremation, prior to final disposition is an example of a/an:

Valhallah

The early Scandanavian afterlife is referred to as:

Minimal

The economic impact of the death of the patriarchal leader in an extended family is:

Direct

The learning about death that occurred over this past semester for the students in this class could be described as:

Black

The most common adult mourning color during the Middle ages was:

Suttee

The practice of throwing oneself on a funeral pyre; usually a widow; Historically self-inflicted but can also refer to involuntary action by others:

Judeo-Christian

The religious structure of American society is primarily?

The claim that metal had "preservative" capabilities

The rise of Metal as a popular material for casket construction can be tied to:

Sociology

The study of social groups is:

Jewel box

The word Casket is derived from the French word "Cassette" which means:

Rake

The word Hearse comes from the Latin word "Herpex" that means:

Torch

The word funeral comes from the word "funeralis" which literally means:

Humanistic funeral rites

Those funeral rites that are devoid of religious connotation are:

American Board of Funeral Service Education

What agency accredits Mortuary Colleges in the United States?

International Conference of Funeral Service Examining Boards

What agency administers the National Board Examination for Funeral Service?

Civil War

What event in US history was pivotal in escalating the advancement of embalming and the introduction of embalming into the funeral industry?

It was one of the first extramural cemeteries in the U.S. It marked a change in depiction of death from gloom to beauty; reflected in headstone style It was one of the first to introduce "perpetual care"

What is significant about Mount Auburn Cemetery?

Patriarcha

What type of governance is generally seen in Extended/Joint Families?

German ethnic groups

What was a fundamental factor in the introduction of cremation in the U.S. as a legitimate disposition option?

Crane and Breed's elaborate funeral car

What was showcased at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair?

Circle of Necessity

What was the name for the 3,000 year journey to the sun and back in Ancient Egyptian death beliefs?

Acted as a suitable amount of time to pass to ensure the deceased was truly dead

What was the original purpose of the Christian "Wake"

At night for those of normal status, Day for those of rank/nobility

When were funerals in Ancient Roman culture held?

Romans

Which of the following ancient cultures were the first to introduce "Sumptuary Laws"?

Man is composed of the "Basar" and "Nefesh" Family was buried together so that they could remain together in the afterlife

Which of the following are true in regards to early Hebrew death practices:

Dark and shadowy

Which of the following best describes the Ancient Greek view of the afterlife:

Scandinavian

Which of the following cultures is known for the introduction of cremation:

Urban based

Which of the following does not describe a joint/extended family unit?

Urbanization Increased Life Expectancy

Which of the following has been a contributing factor in the "Decline in Visible Death" in the U.S.?

They represented the 4 heads of Horus' children. They were only utilized in the highest form of embalming, usually reserved for the highest class citizens

Which of the following is true in regards to "canopic jars"?

A) It was an airtight coffin of cast metal B) It was anthropoidal in design C) Made claims of increased preservation A and B only All of the above

Which of the following is/are true about the "Fisk" Metallic Mummy Case?

Style "E" State Casket

Which of the following receptacles was used for ex-president Grant?

Libitinarius

Which of the following was considered the Head Undertaker in Ancient Roman culture:

Thomas Holmes

Who is considered the "Father of American Embalming?"

Allen Durfee

Who is responsible for initiating the first meeting of NFDA?

Butlerov and Hofman

Who is responsible for the discovery of Formaldehyde?

Dr. August and Charles Renouard

Who was responsible for establishing the first stationary embalming school?

Fredrick and Trump

Who was responsible for patenting a "Refrigerator for Corpses," also known as a corpse cooler or cooling board?

Tom, son- age 36

Within a patriarchal, joint family, who would assume control at the death of the father (age 64)?