History Chapter 18

The new immigrants of the late nineteenth century settled primarily in eastern industrial cities because they

lacked the capital to buy land and begin farming in the West, found immediate employment as unskilled workers, and found refuge and camaraderie among fellow nationals there.

Most wealthy urban residents

lived in new "fashionable districts" in the heart of the city.

Which of the following groups were excluded from immigration to the United States by laws passed in the 1880s and 1890s?

convicts, paupers, and mental incompetents

New forms of urban transportation during this era included

elevated railroads

Which of the following was an accurate predictor of where a migrant would settle once he or she arrived in a new city?

ethnicity

Charles Darwin is generally associated with which of the following scientific theories?

evolution

Which of the following became a concern for more women with the expansion of the consumer economy?

fashion

Which of the following was NOT a major source of population growth in American cities during the late 1800s?

natural increase

Because of rapid growth in the late nineteenth century, American cities

provided services and facilities inadequate to demands.

Nativist reaction against European immigrants of the late nineteenth century resulted from all of the following factors EXCEPT the

refusal of most immigrants and their children to attempt to assimilate themselves into American culture.

The consumer economy created new employment opportunities for women in which of the following professions?

salesclerks

Which of the following population trends occurred in the United States from 1860 to 1910?

gradual decline of the rural population in absolute numbers

The consumer protection movement of the 1890s sought to ensure which of the following?

that customers bought products only from companies with fair working conditions

Darwinism created a deep schism between which two segments of American society?

urban and rural

Jacob Riis

New York newspaper photographer who wrote How the Other Half Lives, complete with sensational photos

Which of the following statements about sources of immigration into the United States in the 1800s is most accurate?

No single national group dominated.

Public Health Service

Organization created in 1912; goal was to prevent occupational diseases and create common health standards

Darwinism

The argument that the human species had evolved from earlier forms of life through a process of "natural selection"

Coney Island

The famous and popular amusement park located on a Brooklyn beach

William Randolph Hearst

The most powerful US newspaper chain owner; by 1914, controlled nine newspapers and two magazines

By how much did the urban population of the United States increase between 1865 and 1915?

700 percent

vaudeville

A form of theater adapted from French models; the most popular urban entertainment into the first decades of the twentieth century

Kate Chopin

A southern writer who explored the oppressive features of traditional marriage; known for her shocking novel The Awakening

armory show

An event in New York City that displayed works of the French postimpressionists and of some American modern artists; supported by the Ashcan artists

consumerism

An increased focus on purchasing goods for personal use; the protection or promotion of consumer interests

Theodore Dreiser

Author of Sister Carrie, which focused on the plight of single women

ashcan school

Members produced work that was startling in its naturalism and stark in its portrayal of the social realities of the era.

tenements

By the late nineteenth century, this was a descriptor used for slum dwellings.

National Consumers League

Formed in the 1890s under the leadership of Florence Kelley; goal was to force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions

William James

Harvard psychologist and most prominent publicist of pragmatism

"city beautiful" movement

Led by architect Daniel Burnham, it sought to impose a similar order and symmetry on the disordered life of American cities.

How did the immigrants to the United States in the late 1800s differ from many earlier waves of immigrants?

They had very little money or education.

Tammany Hall

Urban machine led by famously corrupt city boss William M. Tweed

The ideas of Darwinism helped to spur the growth of which of the following intellectual disciplines?

anthropology

Most Americans encouraged immigrants to do which of the following upon their arrival in the United States?

assimilate