History Chapter 18
Battle of Panipat
(1526) When Babur conquered Delhi with cavalry riding elephants
Zhou dynasty
1046-256 BC, followed Shang dynasty and came before Qin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
1271-1368, Genghis Khan and Mongols took control of China (creating Yuan), Bejing was capital for first time ever, created four class system
Ming Dynasty
1368-1644, founded by Zhu Yuanzhang , forbidden city was created, many naval expeditions
Vienna
1529 & 1683, battles between the Hapsburgs and the Ottomans were fought, Ottomans lost both times, this caused great setbacks for the Ottomans
Shang dynasty
1600-1046 BC, ruled in Yellow river valley
Manchus
1644, manchus set up new dynasty called the Qing (means pure)
Qing dynasty
1644-1911, founded by Nurhaci, last imperial dynasty, refused to allow foreign trade
Mao dynasty
1949-1976, ruled by Mao Zedong
Han dynasty
206 BC-220 AD, imperial dynasty of China, founded by Liu Bang
Qin dynasty
221-206 BC, first imperial dynasty of China
Sassanid Empire
226-651 AD
Safavid Dynasty
501-1722 AD
Sui dynasty
581-618 AD, Expanded great wall and grand canal
Shah Jahan
5th mughal emperor, one of the greatest Mughal emperors. (1592-1666)
Tang dynasty
618-907 AD, Li Yuan was founder, Empress Wu was first female emperor, invented gunpowder and footbinding
Song dynasty
960-1279, most advanced period in China, New technology, started using paper money, used gunpowder for bombs instead of fireworks
Metsuke
A group of officials reffered to as the "eyes and ears" of the state
Dhimmitude
A neologism borrowed from the French languege. Derived from adding the suffix "tude" to the Arabic noun "dhimmi"
Caliph
A successor to Muhammad
Jizyah
A tax put on a section of an Islamic states non-Muslim subjects, who meet certain criteria
Janisarries
An elite corps of officers who came from the Balkans
Sankin-kotai
Attendance by turn (each daimyo had to travel to Edo every other year bringing tribute and remaining in the shotguns service for a ful year)
Akbar
Baburs grandson, benevolent ruler who brought peace and order to northern India
Queue
Braid
Archipelago
Chain of islands
Millets
Communities
Babur
Defendant of Timurlenk , led attack on northern India
Francis Xavier
Earliest of Jesuit priests who came to Japan, admired by Japanese people
Suleiman I
Early ottoman ruler who strengthened the Muslim forces prior to the battle of Lepanto
Mandarins
Elite group of wealthy Confucian scholars who ran the Chinese civil service bureaucracy
Oda Nobunaga
First military leader to begin uniting the warring daimyos
Nanak Guru
Founder of Sikhism, first of Sikh Gurus. Traveled throughout Asia teaching his religion. (1469-1539)
Kublai Khan
Grandson of Genghis Khan, established Yuan dynasty in 1271
Arabesque
Islamic art
Marco Polo
Italian merchant traveler, went to China with uncle for 24 years, he was imprisoned upon arrival home and was later released and became a rich merchant
Incas
Largest empire in pre-Colombian america
Zheng He
Leader of navaal voyages was the Chinese Muslim Zheng He
Zhu Yuanzhang
Led rebellion which overthrew Yuan dynasty, became emperor in 1368. Established capital at Nanjing
Dynasty
Line of rulers from one family
Sunni islam (Ottomans)
Majority sect. of Islam who belive the caliph is primarily a political leader
Mayans
Meso-American civilization who developed a written languege and art/architecture
Shiite islam (Safavids)
Minority sect. of Islam who belive the caliph is primarily a religious leader
Sharia
Muslim religious law
Battle of Lepanto
Naval fleet sent by Pope Pius V to take back the colony of Famagusta, the Holy League, or fleet of ships, took out the Ottoman fleet in about 5 hours
Haiku
New form of poetry
Sikhism
New religion founded by Nanak in the 1500's. Holds belief in one god and teaches that good deeds and meditation bring release from the cycle of reincarnation.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Nobunagas best general, who rose from a pesant family to his high position in the military
Osman
Ottoman Turks first leader who settled in Asia minor and began conquests to build an empire
Constantinople
Ottoman's made Constantinople their capital in 1453
Colony
Over-seas territory rules by a parent country
Act of seclusion
Passed by Japan in 1636, passed because shogunate feared being overthrown
Daimyo
People who controlled their own lands, to whom the samurai owed obediance
Mughal empire
Persainate empire extending over large parts of the Indian subcontinent
Sultan
Political ruler
Samurai
Powerful landowner-warriors
Grand vizier
Prime minister
Ottoman empire
Rise of ottomans came about in 14th century, followed by byzantine empire, invasion and fall of Constantinople was a big part in rise of the Ottomans
Shah Abbas
Safavid leader who came to throne in 1587
Ismail
Shiite leader who conquered Iran and declared himself founder of Safavid dynasty
Kamikaze
Suicide attacks by military by military aviators from the Japanese empire against allied naval vessels
Meritocracy
System in which people are chosen and promoted based on their talent and performance
Genghis Khan
Temuhin's name when he created his empire, means "universal ruler"
Dhimmi
Term for non-Islamic citizens in an Islamic state
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Third Tokugawa Shogunate who completed the work of unification
Timur Lenk
Turkish-Mongol chief who briefly won control of Middle east and Asia minor
Geisha
Women who were professional entertainers