History Chapter 18

Battle of Panipat

(1526) When Babur conquered Delhi with cavalry riding elephants

Zhou dynasty

1046-256 BC, followed Shang dynasty and came before Qin dynasty

Yuan dynasty

1271-1368, Genghis Khan and Mongols took control of China (creating Yuan), Bejing was capital for first time ever, created four class system

Ming Dynasty

1368-1644, founded by Zhu Yuanzhang , forbidden city was created, many naval expeditions

Vienna

1529 & 1683, battles between the Hapsburgs and the Ottomans were fought, Ottomans lost both times, this caused great setbacks for the Ottomans

Shang dynasty

1600-1046 BC, ruled in Yellow river valley

Manchus

1644, manchus set up new dynasty called the Qing (means pure)

Qing dynasty

1644-1911, founded by Nurhaci, last imperial dynasty, refused to allow foreign trade

Mao dynasty

1949-1976, ruled by Mao Zedong

Han dynasty

206 BC-220 AD, imperial dynasty of China, founded by Liu Bang

Qin dynasty

221-206 BC, first imperial dynasty of China

Sassanid Empire

226-651 AD

Safavid Dynasty

501-1722 AD

Sui dynasty

581-618 AD, Expanded great wall and grand canal

Shah Jahan

5th mughal emperor, one of the greatest Mughal emperors. (1592-1666)

Tang dynasty

618-907 AD, Li Yuan was founder, Empress Wu was first female emperor, invented gunpowder and footbinding

Song dynasty

960-1279, most advanced period in China, New technology, started using paper money, used gunpowder for bombs instead of fireworks

Metsuke

A group of officials reffered to as the "eyes and ears" of the state

Dhimmitude

A neologism borrowed from the French languege. Derived from adding the suffix "tude" to the Arabic noun "dhimmi"

Caliph

A successor to Muhammad

Jizyah

A tax put on a section of an Islamic states non-Muslim subjects, who meet certain criteria

Janisarries

An elite corps of officers who came from the Balkans

Sankin-kotai

Attendance by turn (each daimyo had to travel to Edo every other year bringing tribute and remaining in the shotguns service for a ful year)

Akbar

Baburs grandson, benevolent ruler who brought peace and order to northern India

Queue

Braid

Archipelago

Chain of islands

Millets

Communities

Babur

Defendant of Timurlenk , led attack on northern India

Francis Xavier

Earliest of Jesuit priests who came to Japan, admired by Japanese people

Suleiman I

Early ottoman ruler who strengthened the Muslim forces prior to the battle of Lepanto

Mandarins

Elite group of wealthy Confucian scholars who ran the Chinese civil service bureaucracy

Oda Nobunaga

First military leader to begin uniting the warring daimyos

Nanak Guru

Founder of Sikhism, first of Sikh Gurus. Traveled throughout Asia teaching his religion. (1469-1539)

Kublai Khan

Grandson of Genghis Khan, established Yuan dynasty in 1271

Arabesque

Islamic art

Marco Polo

Italian merchant traveler, went to China with uncle for 24 years, he was imprisoned upon arrival home and was later released and became a rich merchant

Incas

Largest empire in pre-Colombian america

Zheng He

Leader of navaal voyages was the Chinese Muslim Zheng He

Zhu Yuanzhang

Led rebellion which overthrew Yuan dynasty, became emperor in 1368. Established capital at Nanjing

Dynasty

Line of rulers from one family

Sunni islam (Ottomans)

Majority sect. of Islam who belive the caliph is primarily a political leader

Mayans

Meso-American civilization who developed a written languege and art/architecture

Shiite islam (Safavids)

Minority sect. of Islam who belive the caliph is primarily a religious leader

Sharia

Muslim religious law

Battle of Lepanto

Naval fleet sent by Pope Pius V to take back the colony of Famagusta, the Holy League, or fleet of ships, took out the Ottoman fleet in about 5 hours

Haiku

New form of poetry

Sikhism

New religion founded by Nanak in the 1500's. Holds belief in one god and teaches that good deeds and meditation bring release from the cycle of reincarnation.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Nobunagas best general, who rose from a pesant family to his high position in the military

Osman

Ottoman Turks first leader who settled in Asia minor and began conquests to build an empire

Constantinople

Ottoman's made Constantinople their capital in 1453

Colony

Over-seas territory rules by a parent country

Act of seclusion

Passed by Japan in 1636, passed because shogunate feared being overthrown

Daimyo

People who controlled their own lands, to whom the samurai owed obediance

Mughal empire

Persainate empire extending over large parts of the Indian subcontinent

Sultan

Political ruler

Samurai

Powerful landowner-warriors

Grand vizier

Prime minister

Ottoman empire

Rise of ottomans came about in 14th century, followed by byzantine empire, invasion and fall of Constantinople was a big part in rise of the Ottomans

Shah Abbas

Safavid leader who came to throne in 1587

Ismail

Shiite leader who conquered Iran and declared himself founder of Safavid dynasty

Kamikaze

Suicide attacks by military by military aviators from the Japanese empire against allied naval vessels

Meritocracy

System in which people are chosen and promoted based on their talent and performance

Genghis Khan

Temuhin's name when he created his empire, means "universal ruler"

Dhimmi

Term for non-Islamic citizens in an Islamic state

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Third Tokugawa Shogunate who completed the work of unification

Timur Lenk

Turkish-Mongol chief who briefly won control of Middle east and Asia minor

Geisha

Women who were professional entertainers