History chapter 9-10
Missouri Compromise
"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.
Whiskey Rebellion
1. 1794 farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. 2. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. 3. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.
Haitian Revolution
1. Toussaint l'Ouverture led this uprising, which in 1790 resulted in the successful overthrow of French colonial rule on this Caribbean island. 2. This revolution set up the first black government in the Western Hemisphere and the world's second democratic republic (after the US). The US was reluctant to give full support to this republic led by former slaves.
Battle of New Orleans
A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost.
Proclamation of Neutrality
A formal announcement issued by George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States neutral and will be able to trade with all belligerents in the war between France and Great Britain.
Monroe Doctrine
A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.
How did Hamilton's vision for the nation conflict with Jefferson's?
Alexander Hamilton became a leading voice of the Federalists who believed that the federal government needed to be strong. On the other side, Thomas Jefferson, a Republican, argued that too much power in the hands of the federal government would lead to tyranny.
XYZ Affair
An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.
Battle of Tippecanoe
Battle between Americans and Native Americans. Tecumseh and the Prophet attempted to oppress white settlement in the West, but defeated by William Henry Harrison. Led to talk of Canadian invasion and served as a cause to the War of 1812.
Bill of Rights
First 10 amendments to the Constitution
Hamilton's economic policies
Hamilton made a 4 part financial plan for the states. The national government was going to take over state debt and AOC debt in order to establish national credit. They were going to make one currency for the whole country. They would tax whiskey to raise revenue. Protective tariffs to favor American goods over imported goods.
What important precedents did George Washington set? How did he bring political stability to the country?
He set the precedent of being in office for only 2 terms of 4 years. He established the cabinet and chose to be neutral.
What led to the expansion of voting rights in the Late nineteenth century?
In 1870 racism was ratified and African Americans were able to vote and they could not get discriminated against.
What steps did Jefferson take in the aftermath of the Louisiana Purchase to help facilitate western expansion of the United States?
Jefferson helped facilitate western expansion by having a treaty with France and having the Louisiana Purchase doubling the land size and helping the United States expand towards California and Mexico.
Hartford Convention
Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence
Republicans
Rivals of the Federalists who believed in a smaller government based on state rights. Their rivalry sparked tensions with Federalists, creating a political party system.
War Hawks
Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.
What led to the War of 1812?
The 2 leading causes of the war were limited trade to Europe and impressment.
Why did Hamilton's economic policies provoke such controversy?
The Trust for the new president George Washington, The bill of Rights which guaranteed individual liberties and limitations to federal power.
What was the Revolution of 1800?
The revolution of 1800 was a split in parties between Jefferson and Adams with Jefferson beating Adams
Where was support for the War of 1812 strongest? Where was it the weakest? Why?
The support of war of 1812 was the strongest in the South and West and was weakest in the the New England states and in the North because if they fought England they will lose money and trade.
What were the sources of political stability in the 1790s?
The trust for the new president, George Washington, The Bill of Rights which guaranteed individual liberties and limitations to Federal power.
Alien and Sedition Acts
These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798: 1. the Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; 2. the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens; 3. the Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at was with the US; 4. the Sedition Act, which made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials. The first 3 were enacted in response to the XYZ Affair, and were aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives. The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition, although only 25 people were ever arrested, and only 10 convicted, under the law. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which initiated the concept of "nullification" of federal laws were written in response to the Acts.
Embargo Act of 1807
This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade. It was difficult to enforce because it was opposed by merchants and everyone else whose livelihood depended upon international trade. It also hurt the national economy, so it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act.
Marbury v Madison
This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
Treaty of Greenville
This treaty between the Americans and the Native Americans. In exchange for some goods, the Indians gave the United States territory in Ohio. Anthony Wayne was the American representative.
What were the most important threats to America's national security in the 1790s? How did the Washington and Adams administrations respond to those threats?
Threats in the 1790s: France and Britain's war, French revolution, Quasi war. Washington responded to Britain by negotiating Jay's treaty which meant America was not to get involved and would be neutral in all European conflicts.
The Jay Treaty
Was made up by John Jay. It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.
Federalists
supporters of the Constitution
Louisiana Purchase
territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million