History Chapters 1-27 Review
Khomeini
Iran; Shi'ite; became dictator after Pahlavi's overthrow; took American embassy members captive
Pahlavi
the shah; friend of the US but the Carter administration refused to help him; overthrown; Iran
De Gasperi
helped Italy to slowly recover after WWII
Norway, Sweden, Finland
Scandinavian nations that are very socialistic
November 1950
300,000 fresh Communist Chinese volunteers help North Korea
1) getting satellite nations around USSR for exploitation 2) getting access to warm-water ways of commerce 3) expand geographically using old Russian policies 4) spreading Communism
4 aims of USSR during the Cold War
Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia
5 people's republics set up by USSR
1961
Bay of Pigs
Balfour Declaration
British government issued this; supported a national Jewish homeland in Palestine
Five Year Plan
China's industrial output increased at a rapid rate, but many died; Mao Tse-Tung's first plan
Allende
Communist; chosen president of Chile
26th of July Movement
Fidel's attempted to overthrow Batista; epic failure; many died
Lebanon and Syria
France controlled which nations in the Middle East?
Inchon
General MacArthur used this city to fight an offensive war; captured Seoul
40 million people
How many died by the hand of Mao Tse-Tung?
Six Day War
Israel gained the Gaza strip, the Sinai Peninsula, and the West Bank
Yom Kippur War
Israel had greater losses
Bay of Pigs
JFK failed to support free Cuban fighters
1950-1953
Korean War years
In war, indeed, there can be no substitute for Victory
MacArthur said this about Korean War
Cultural Revolution
Mao Tse-Tung's plan to purge China of all counter-revolutionaries and foreign influences
1949
NATO founded in what year
May 14, 1948
On what date did Israel declare independence?
OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; designed to control the supply and price of oil
Nicaragua
Somoza and the Sandinistas were in which country?
Most of the world's oil reserves conflict between Jews and Arabs
The Middle East plays a vital part in the world affairs today primarily because of________
Great Leap Forward
Tse-Tung's second Five Year Plan; failed miserably; many people died
free world
US led; not Communist
containment
US would aid any free nation to resist Communist aggression
Marshall Plan
US would lend money to European nations to rebuild them after WWII; to stop further Communist aggression
reawakening of Arab nationalism since the beginning of WWI Israel becoming a nation in 1948
What are the two most important modern trends in the Middle East
Stalin's death
What ended the Korean War in 1953?
neutral
What was France during WWII?
1973-1974
Yom Kippur War years
Adenauer
a traditional Roman Catholic and a staunch conservative politician, provided the leadership necessary for West Germany to recover from its wartime defeat
Cold War
a war fought not with military weapons but with words, diplomacy, and ideology
General Assembly
all member states
preemptive strike
an action taken beforehand to check another's action
Hiss
an official at the US State Department late implicated as a spy for the Soviet Union
Kim Il Sung
appointed as leader of North Korea
Palestine, Transjordan, and Iraq
britain had control of which countries in the Middle East?
Juan Carlos
came to power after Franco died; encouraged moderation and democratic rule during periods of unrest
Xaioping
came to power after Mao Tse-Tung; Communist China's most powerful leader
Mitterand
came to power after de Gaulle; moved back towards socialism; France started to fall, so he implemented capitalistic ideologies
European Economic Community
common market of western europe with a united currency
Churchill Eden, Macmillan
conservative prime ministers after WWII
Truman Doctrine
containment is also called; this was in Turkey and in Greece
Arab oil embargo
created oil shortage; oil prices shot up
May of 1961
date Castro declares Cuba a communist nation and that there would be no election
Somoza
dictator overthrown by the Sandinistas
Communist bloc
dominated by the USSR; anti-capitalistic
Rhee
elected the first leader of the Republic of Korea
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
establish a Palestinian state in Israel through force and terror
People's Republic of China
established in 1949; Communist China
Yugoslavia and Albania
established independent Communist governments but maintained close ties to the Soviet Union
McCarthy
exposed much Communist activity in the State Department, entertainment and intellectual industries, and the Army
Weizmann
first President of Israel
Ben-Gurion
first priminister of Israel
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and Fuchs
gave atomic bomb secrets to USSR
Red Brigades
group of Communists in Italy; violent
Gromyko
head of Communist Russia's delegation
over 30
how many coalition governments did Italy have after WWII?
Dumbarton Oaks
idea of UN drawn up
George Marshall
imposed an arms embargo on the Nationalists, sealing their doom
Tse-tung
leader of Communist China
Arafat
leader of PLO
Charles de Gaulle
leader of the Free French government during WWII; president of the Fifth Republic
Batista
led Cuba before Castro took over
Juan Peron
led a successful military overthrow of the Argentinian government
Security Council
made up of the US, Great Britain, France, China, and Russia
Secretariat
made up of the secretary-general and his under-secretaries; deal with "world" affairs and day to day tasks
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
mutual consultation and defense whenever there were threats to independence, security, territorial integrity
satellite nations
nations supposedly independent but technically under the dominance of another
Pinochet
overthrew Allende and became leader
Fidel Castro
overthrew Batista and established Communist government in Cuba
United Nations
permanent peace keeping organization
London; January 10, 1946
place and date of first UN meeting
Turkey
preparation for independence began with which nation?
limited warfare
refusing to use all available military strength to win a complete victory
Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)
saved West Berliners from starving during Soviet Blockade; what are its years
British Commonwealth of Nations
several of Britain's colonies and possessions looked to become independent of British control
Warsaw Pact
soviet Counter-alliance to NATO
Korean War
started when North Korean soldiers crossed the 38th Parallel
Nikita Khrushchev
stated he wanted a peaceful co-existence; wanted to de-Stalinize Russia
third world
stood between two powers in the cold war
General Douglas MacArthur
supreme commander of all United States and United Nations forces
Berlin Wall (1961)
symbol of Soviet oppression in Eastern Europe; first time in history that a wall was built to keep people inside their own country; what are its years
Cuban Missile Crisis
tensions between Communist USSR and the US; involved Cuba
Isabel Peron
the first woman to head a government in the Western Hemisphere
Zionists
those who advocated a Jewish national state
General Assembly, Security Council, Secretariat
three major organs of the UN
North Atlantic Treaty
treaty signed to create NATO
Begin and el Sadat
two men negotiating in Camp David Accords
oil
what natural resource was found in Mexico?
1945
when was the UN founded?
38th parallel
where North and South Korea are divided
Pusan Perimeter
where US soldiers and South Korean soldiers had to retreat to
San Francisco
where the charter for the UN founded
1967
year for Six Day War
Red Guard
young people who terrorized the streets of China