History Chapters 1-27 Review

Khomeini

Iran; Shi'ite; became dictator after Pahlavi's overthrow; took American embassy members captive

Pahlavi

the shah; friend of the US but the Carter administration refused to help him; overthrown; Iran

De Gasperi

helped Italy to slowly recover after WWII

Norway, Sweden, Finland

Scandinavian nations that are very socialistic

November 1950

300,000 fresh Communist Chinese volunteers help North Korea

1) getting satellite nations around USSR for exploitation 2) getting access to warm-water ways of commerce 3) expand geographically using old Russian policies 4) spreading Communism

4 aims of USSR during the Cold War

Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia

5 people's republics set up by USSR

1961

Bay of Pigs

Balfour Declaration

British government issued this; supported a national Jewish homeland in Palestine

Five Year Plan

China's industrial output increased at a rapid rate, but many died; Mao Tse-Tung's first plan

Allende

Communist; chosen president of Chile

26th of July Movement

Fidel's attempted to overthrow Batista; epic failure; many died

Lebanon and Syria

France controlled which nations in the Middle East?

Inchon

General MacArthur used this city to fight an offensive war; captured Seoul

40 million people

How many died by the hand of Mao Tse-Tung?

Six Day War

Israel gained the Gaza strip, the Sinai Peninsula, and the West Bank

Yom Kippur War

Israel had greater losses

Bay of Pigs

JFK failed to support free Cuban fighters

1950-1953

Korean War years

In war, indeed, there can be no substitute for Victory

MacArthur said this about Korean War

Cultural Revolution

Mao Tse-Tung's plan to purge China of all counter-revolutionaries and foreign influences

1949

NATO founded in what year

May 14, 1948

On what date did Israel declare independence?

OPEC

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; designed to control the supply and price of oil

Nicaragua

Somoza and the Sandinistas were in which country?

Most of the world's oil reserves conflict between Jews and Arabs

The Middle East plays a vital part in the world affairs today primarily because of________

Great Leap Forward

Tse-Tung's second Five Year Plan; failed miserably; many people died

free world

US led; not Communist

containment

US would aid any free nation to resist Communist aggression

Marshall Plan

US would lend money to European nations to rebuild them after WWII; to stop further Communist aggression

reawakening of Arab nationalism since the beginning of WWI Israel becoming a nation in 1948

What are the two most important modern trends in the Middle East

Stalin's death

What ended the Korean War in 1953?

neutral

What was France during WWII?

1973-1974

Yom Kippur War years

Adenauer

a traditional Roman Catholic and a staunch conservative politician, provided the leadership necessary for West Germany to recover from its wartime defeat

Cold War

a war fought not with military weapons but with words, diplomacy, and ideology

General Assembly

all member states

preemptive strike

an action taken beforehand to check another's action

Hiss

an official at the US State Department late implicated as a spy for the Soviet Union

Kim Il Sung

appointed as leader of North Korea

Palestine, Transjordan, and Iraq

britain had control of which countries in the Middle East?

Juan Carlos

came to power after Franco died; encouraged moderation and democratic rule during periods of unrest

Xaioping

came to power after Mao Tse-Tung; Communist China's most powerful leader

Mitterand

came to power after de Gaulle; moved back towards socialism; France started to fall, so he implemented capitalistic ideologies

European Economic Community

common market of western europe with a united currency

Churchill Eden, Macmillan

conservative prime ministers after WWII

Truman Doctrine

containment is also called; this was in Turkey and in Greece

Arab oil embargo

created oil shortage; oil prices shot up

May of 1961

date Castro declares Cuba a communist nation and that there would be no election

Somoza

dictator overthrown by the Sandinistas

Communist bloc

dominated by the USSR; anti-capitalistic

Rhee

elected the first leader of the Republic of Korea

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

establish a Palestinian state in Israel through force and terror

People's Republic of China

established in 1949; Communist China

Yugoslavia and Albania

established independent Communist governments but maintained close ties to the Soviet Union

McCarthy

exposed much Communist activity in the State Department, entertainment and intellectual industries, and the Army

Weizmann

first President of Israel

Ben-Gurion

first priminister of Israel

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and Fuchs

gave atomic bomb secrets to USSR

Red Brigades

group of Communists in Italy; violent

Gromyko

head of Communist Russia's delegation

over 30

how many coalition governments did Italy have after WWII?

Dumbarton Oaks

idea of UN drawn up

George Marshall

imposed an arms embargo on the Nationalists, sealing their doom

Tse-tung

leader of Communist China

Arafat

leader of PLO

Charles de Gaulle

leader of the Free French government during WWII; president of the Fifth Republic

Batista

led Cuba before Castro took over

Juan Peron

led a successful military overthrow of the Argentinian government

Security Council

made up of the US, Great Britain, France, China, and Russia

Secretariat

made up of the secretary-general and his under-secretaries; deal with "world" affairs and day to day tasks

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

mutual consultation and defense whenever there were threats to independence, security, territorial integrity

satellite nations

nations supposedly independent but technically under the dominance of another

Pinochet

overthrew Allende and became leader

Fidel Castro

overthrew Batista and established Communist government in Cuba

United Nations

permanent peace keeping organization

London; January 10, 1946

place and date of first UN meeting

Turkey

preparation for independence began with which nation?

limited warfare

refusing to use all available military strength to win a complete victory

Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)

saved West Berliners from starving during Soviet Blockade; what are its years

British Commonwealth of Nations

several of Britain's colonies and possessions looked to become independent of British control

Warsaw Pact

soviet Counter-alliance to NATO

Korean War

started when North Korean soldiers crossed the 38th Parallel

Nikita Khrushchev

stated he wanted a peaceful co-existence; wanted to de-Stalinize Russia

third world

stood between two powers in the cold war

General Douglas MacArthur

supreme commander of all United States and United Nations forces

Berlin Wall (1961)

symbol of Soviet oppression in Eastern Europe; first time in history that a wall was built to keep people inside their own country; what are its years

Cuban Missile Crisis

tensions between Communist USSR and the US; involved Cuba

Isabel Peron

the first woman to head a government in the Western Hemisphere

Zionists

those who advocated a Jewish national state

General Assembly, Security Council, Secretariat

three major organs of the UN

North Atlantic Treaty

treaty signed to create NATO

Begin and el Sadat

two men negotiating in Camp David Accords

oil

what natural resource was found in Mexico?

1945

when was the UN founded?

38th parallel

where North and South Korea are divided

Pusan Perimeter

where US soldiers and South Korean soldiers had to retreat to

San Francisco

where the charter for the UN founded

1967

year for Six Day War

Red Guard

young people who terrorized the streets of China