History Chapters 1-6

Yahweh

God of the monotheistic religion of Israelites (Judaism) that influenced later Christianity and Islam.

settled in central Anatolia, established powerful kingdoms, conquer the Babylonian empire, Technological feats include iron metallurgy and light horse-drawn chariots.

Hittites

Gilgamesh was

a king of the city-state of Uruk, the hero in a popular Mesopotamian epic, a warrior against the city of Kish, the friend of Enkidu.

Hieroglyphics

an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

Phoenicians

based on their sea trade and commercial networks and developed an early alphabetical script, they were NOT agriculturalist.

Prehistory refers to the period...

before the invention of writing

written documentation from Mesopotamia

commercial and taxation, astronomy and mathematics, epic literature

A major difference between Homo erectus and Australopithecus was the ability to

communicate complex ideas

By about 5000 B.C.E., agriculture had displaced hunting and gathering societies in several regions of the world, primarily because

cultivation provided a stable, more regular food source

The term "neolithic era" originally meant one thing, but today has come to refer to

early stages of agriculture

Mummification

embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy

Sargon of Akkad was a

gifted administrator and warrior

In Hammurabi's code was a

law code associated with the Babylonian king Hammurabi, Lex talionis: "Law of retaliation," laws in which offenders suffered punishments similar to their crimes; the most famous example is Hammurabi's code

Human beings and large apes are significantly different in

level of intelligence

what is true of the land called Mesopotamia?

lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, home to Sumerians, priests and priestesses were powerful rulers over temple communities.

Pyramids

monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs

Monotheism is when

people only believe in one god

What is the significance of the Natufian, Jomon, and Chinook cultures?

permanent settlements, larger groups, specialized labor, hierarchies of authority

Kush

African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries

Southwest Asian people who built an empire that reached its height during the eighth and seventh centuries B.C.E.; it was known for a powerful army and a well-structured state.

Assyrians

The famous Lucy was an

Australopithecus

European tribes who settled in India their union with indigenous Dravidians; formed the basis of Hinduism.

Ayrans

Mesopotamian empire with a centralized bureaucracy and Law Code centered around its capital, Babylon.

Babylon

Sumerians

Earliest Mesopotamian society, oganize work on building projects, rule over the area surrounding the city, oversee the construction and maintenance of irrigation systems, organize the defense of the city against attacks

migrations from India through western Europe; their greatest legacy was the broad distribution of Indo-European languages throughout Eurasia.

Indo-Europeans

Meroitic

Kush's own written language that historians are not able to understand

Ziggurats

Mesopotamian temples

Patriarchy

System of social organization in which males dominate

Cities first emerged from agricultural villages and towns in the valleys of the

Tigris and Euphrates rivers

Cuneiform was the

Written language of the Sumerians, and probably first writting

The Epic of Gilgamesh talked about

relations between humans and gods, recounts the adventures of Gilgamesh and his friend, describes the hero's efforts to attain immortality, explored relations between humans and the gods, contemplates the meaning of life and death.

The most significant defining characteristic of the paleolithic era was that they

relied on hunting and gathering

Çatal Hüyük is an archaeological site in Anatolia from neolithic times, in which one can readily see evidence of

specialization of labor

What was a likely purpose of an early human cave painting?

sympathetic magic

who didn't rule a Mesopotamian empire?

the Jews

Israelites

the division of the kingdom of Israel, conquest by the Assyrians, the destruction of Jerusalem by the New Babylonian empire, the return of deportees to Judea, where they became known as Jews

Indo-europeans

tribes from southern Russia, migrated to western Europe and the British Isles, India and Iran, & Anatolia (modern Turkey). but NOT Asia; used horses to expand, greatest legacy was the broad distribution of Indo-European languages throughout Eurasia.

Which of the following did Sumerian cities and their governments do?

work on building projects, rule area surrounding the city, oversee construction and maintenance of irrigation systems, organize the defense against city attacks