History Exam 1 (CH 17-19)

Which U.S. President ran on a platform promoting Western expansion?

James K. Polk

In 1865, nearly 60% of Americans still lived and worked on farms. How many lived on farms by the early 1900s?

40%

Which of the following was NOT a key goal of the Knights of Labor?

A graduated income tax on personal wealth

Who were the Molly Maguires?

A secret organization of Irish coal miners

What was Hull House?

A settlement house in Chicago

Which statement best describes the concept of Manifest Destiny as it was understood in the nineteenth century?

Americans had a divine obligation to spread their culture westward.

Which of the following was a popular pastime for working-class urban dwellers?

Amusement parks

What was one of the key goals for which striking workers fought in the late nineteenth century?

An eight-hour workday

Where was the first skyscraper built?

Chicago

Which of the following did the settlement house movement offer as a means of relief for working-class women?

Childcare

How did the laws concerning Chinese immigrants differ from those concerning immigrants from Europe?

Chinese immigrants could not become U.S. citizens.

In the late 1800s, why did many Americans view Chinese immigrants more negatively than they did immigrants from Europe?

Chinese workers took American jobs by agreeing to work for lower wages.

How did the Second Industrial revolution change the economy in the United States after the Civil War?

Consumer goods were produced in unprecedented quantities.

What was a major success of the National Labor Union?

Eight-hour workday for federal employees

Which of the following is true of late nineteenth-century southern and eastern European immigrants, as opposed to their western and northern European predecessors?

Ellis Island was the first destination for most southern and eastern Europeans.

How did the development of the steam engine transform production of goods?

Factories could now be placed near urban centers

With which country did the United States jointly occupy Oregon Territory in the early nineteenth century?

Great Britain

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the growth of a consumer culture in the United States at the close of the nineteenth century?

Greater disposable income

Which of the following is most likely the reason for the decline of the Knights of Labor and the momentum of the labor movement?

Haymarket Affair

What was President Cleveland's response to the Pullman Strike?

He attached a mail car to every train to justify using federal troops to break the strike

Which of the following is true of J. P. Morgan?

His father was a London banker

Which book documented the poverty resulting from urbanization in late nineteenth-century New York?

How the Other Half Lives

What was the major advantage of Westinghouse's "alternating current" power invention?

It allowed machines to be farther from the power source.

How did the establishment of national parks affect the railroad industry?

It generated a greater demand for rail travel for tourists from the East.

What did the Homestead Act do?

It granted free land to people willing to settle the West.

How did the Homestead Act help people who wanted to own farms the western territories?

It granted them land for free or for a low price.

How was the settlement of Oklahoma Territory different from that of other Western territories?

It involved the reappropriation of Indian land.

How did the development of railroads impact the cattle industry?

It opened a large market for beef throughout the country.

How did the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 affect Chinese immigrants?

It prohibited most Chinese from immigrating

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 did which of the following?

It prohibited most immigration from China to the United States.

Most of the immigrants who worked on the farms and orchards of California came from which country?

Japan

Which of the following "robber barons" was notable for the exploitative way he made his fortune in railroads?

Jay Gould

Who was the first woman to head a federal government agency under President Taft?

Julia Lathrop

Which of the following was a southern writer who was among the first to address the race issue of miscegenation?

Kate Chopin

In what way did the use of new types of machinery negatively impact industry in the United States?

Machines did the work of many workers, decreasing labor needs and leading to unemployment.

Who were the first immigrant group to make an impact on the culture and society of the western United States?

Mexican-Americans

Which of these was NOT a successful invention of the era?

Movies with sound

Who developed the AC system for Westinghouse Electric?

Nikola Tesla

What was the most common form of transportation inside cities before the 1880s?

Omnibus

What did Jacob Riis use to help him tell his story about the plight of the urban poor?

Photographs

What impact did the establishment of national parks such as Yosemite and Yellowstone have on the American railroad industry?

Potential tourists from eastern states showed an increased interest in rail travel to visit the parks.

Religious persecution led to the increased immigration of what nationality of people beginning in the 1880s?

Russians

Which of the following four elements was NOT essential for creating massive urban growth in late nineteenth-century America?

Settlement houses

Which of the following does NOT represent one of the management strategies that John D. Rockefeller used in building his empire?

Social Darwinism

Which of the following was NOT an element of realism?

Social Darwinism

Which of the following resulted from the opening of large coal deposits in the United States in the late 1800s?

Steam replaced water as the nation's leading source of energy.

Which of the following was a disadvantage of machine politics?

Taxpayers ultimately paid higher city taxes due to graft.

In 1900, what did the average factory worker's week look like?

Ten hours per day, six days a week

What disagreement led to legal conflicts between the Mexican and European-American landowners in the 1880s?

The Mexican-Americans believed that land should be inherited rather than bought.

Which book documented and exposed political corruption in the United States?

The Shame of the Cities

Which of the following statements accurately represents Thorstein Veblen's argument in The Theory of the Leisure Class?

The middle class was overly focused on its own comfort and consumption.

What was an immediate result of the widespread use of the Bessemer converter in the U.S. steel industry?

The price of steel plummeted, allowing for more metal goods to be made.

How did General William T. Sherman believe the Native Americans of the Western frontier should be dealt with?

They should be required to learn the ways of white society.

Why did settlers to the west find it necessary to ask the government for economic assistance?

They were met with worse weather and less rainfall than they had been led to expect.

Why did Chinese immigrants have more difficulty asserting their rights than immigrants from Europe?

They were not allowed to become U.S. citizens.

Why did African Americans consider moving from the rural South to the urban North following the Civil War?

To find wage-earning work

Which of the following was true concerning the settlement of Oklahoma Territory?

Unoccupied Indian land was taken to grant settlers homesteads.

The Pure Food and Drug Act was passed, which "muckraking" journalist published their investigations of Chicago's stockyards?

Upton Sinclair

According to General William T. Sherman, what was the best answer to the "Indian question"?

assimilating the Native Americans into modern American life through education and cultural transition

How did ethnic niche communities in major cities help new immigrants?

by assisting them in finding employment

How did congressional Republicans encourage westward expansion in the late nineteenth century?

by subsidizing businesses that helped settlers

What was the cause of the legal conflicts that arose between Mexican and European-American landowners in the late 1880s?

disputes concerning what constituted land ownership

The first published information about the Western frontier included information collected from the efforts of which group of people?

fur traders and trappers

The greatest number of immigrants came to the United States seeking which of the following?

greater economic opportunities

What was the most common reason immigrants came to the United States at the turn of the twentieth century?

greater economic opportunities

The boom in iron and steel production gave which U.S. industry the greatest rate of growth after the Civil War?

heavy machinery

Which industry experienced the greatest growth in the United States after the Civil War?

heavy machinery

The Second Industrial Revolution that followed the Civil War was characterized by which of the following?

mass production of goods

In the late nineteenth century, what did congressional Republicans believe would be the best method for encouraging westward expansion?

subsidizing businesses that would offer services to assist Western settlers

Which piece of legislation granted free land to settlers willing to move to western territories?

the Homestead Act

Which U.S. region's natural resources made it a key area for the production of iron and steel in the late 1800s?

the Midwest

Which industry's products saw the greatest growth in national popularity after the development of railroads?

the cattle industry

Which event was most crucial in steam becoming the leading energy source in the United States by the year 1900?

the discovery and opening of large coal deposits

After Reconstruction ended, what most encouraged foreign investment in U.S. industries?

the efficiency and friendliness of the U.S. patent system

What did the method of manufacturing known as the American system rely upon?

the making of interchangeable parts

What made the settlement of Oklahoma Territory different from that of other territories?

the presence of Native Americans

The United States' first large business bureaucracies began within which industry?

the railroad industry