history final
Although Andrew Jackson received the most electoral votes in the general election, in the end John Quincy Adams was named president with the support of Henry Clay. How did Jackson's supporters characterize this outcome?
"Corrupt bargain."
What percentage of Southern white families owned slaves in 1860?
25 percent
What brought Britain and the United States to the brink of war in 1837?
A Canadian rebellion.
Most white southerners regarded John Brown as
A dangerous radical who wanted them dead.
According to those who envisioned total development of the continent in the nineteenth century, America would eventually become what?
A highway for transporting goods and culture.
How many voters would have had to swear allegiance to the Union under the Wade-Davis Bill?
A majority.
Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton recommended the creation of what to manage the government's fiscal functions?
A national bank.
What was the consequence of the Senate's killing the original package of the Compromise of 1850?
A new generation of leaders took over Congress.
What did the Republican Party's nomination of Ulysses Grant for president in 1868 signify?
A retreat of the Republican Party from radicalism
What was the most striking aspect of internal politics in the Confederacy?
Absence of a two-party system.
What did the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 prohibit?
Aid to an escaping slave.
General Anthony Wayne's victory in 1794 and Jay's and Pinckney's treaties in 1795 resulted in all of the following except
All military and political problems between the United States and England were solved.
Compared to the Pennsylvania model of prisoner rehabilitation, Sing Sing prison in New York
Allowed prisoners to work communally
What group first organized educators to teach literacy skills to former slaves?
American Missionary Association.
Because the Constitution did not mention such an entity as a national bank, the Treasury secretary's recommendation is an example of what?
An implied power.
The Americans' greatest military victory, ironically achieved after the War of 1812 had officially ended, was
Andrew Jackson's defeat of a British invasion of New Orleans.
The Americans' greatest military victory, ironically achieved after the War of 1812 had officially ended, was
Andrew Jackson's defeat of a british invasion of new orleans
What military action mostly ended Indian resistance to settlers in the Old Northwest?
Anthony Wayne's victory at Fallen Timbers.
How did President Jefferson describe his administration?
As splendid misery.
Slaves had many different assignments in America, but what made all of them "slaves"?
Being defined, treated, and defended as property.
Who of the following was the first Republican senator to challenge Abraham Lincoln's reconstruction ideas implemented in Louisiana?
Benjamin F. Wade
What invention enabled an economic boom in the South and created a demand for new land in the West?
British agents stirred up Indian unrest in the West to block American expansion.
A series of sermons by the Reverend Lyman Beecher in 1825
Changed the debate on temperance from a health issue to a spiritual issue.
Americans thought of manifest destiny along all of the terms listed below except
Class
President Jefferson's policy of embargo did what?
Closed American ports and ordered American vessels to remain in port.
What was Congress's response when President Andrew Jackson refused to show them papers he had shared with cabinet members?
Congress censured Jackson.
How did Congress respond to the need for stable government in Utah and California after significant migrations of Americans there?
Congress did little because of sectional differences.
Which of the following were the results) of the Panic of 1819?
Each statement is accurate.
When nonviolent means did not work, American abolitionists
Encountered violent opposition to their activities.
What group had the most to gain from the Banks Plan?
Established planters, who obtained guaranteed labor for little cost.
Under the sharecrop system,
Family units often worked the land.
Most immigrants who followed missionaries to Oregon Territory were
Farm families of modest means.
President James Monroe
Favored nationalism although he was a Democratic-Republican.
The Liberty Party
Fielded its first candidate in 1840.
the Liberty Party
Fielded its first candidate in 1840.
According to the Banks Plan,
Former slaves signed year-long contracts and earned a small percentage of the crop, or $3 per month.
Written in 1829, "An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World," by David Walker called fo
Free and slave blacks using violence if necessary to abolish slavery
When the poet William Cullen Bryant described the vacant Illinois prairie in the 1830s, he envisioned
Gardens and cultivated fields.
Who headed the Freedmen's Bureau?
General Oliver Otis Howard.
Why did President Andrew Johnson say he vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
He doubted whether blacks were qualified for citizenship.
How did Judge John Marshall use the case of Marbury v. Madison to expand the authority of the Supreme Court?
He established the Court's judicial review to rule on the constitutionality of executive and legislative actions.
How did Judge John Marshall use the case of Marbury v. Madison to expand the authority of the Supreme Court?
He established the courts judicial review to rule on the constitutionality of executive and legislative actions
What crucial difference did General Grant introduce to the Union strategy in 1864?
He kept constant pressure on Lee's and Johnston's armies.
What strategy Stephen Douglas employs to get the compromise proposals through Congress?
He offered five separate bills, each assigned to win different majorities.
How did President Lincoln dispose of the Wade-Davis Bill?
He used the pocket veto.
Why did the Democratic Party nominate Franklin Pierce for president in 1852?
He was a northern man thought to be sympathetic to the South.
Who did President John Quincy Adams appoint as secretary of state?
Henry Clay
According to the Treaty of Greenville, signed August 3, 1795,
Indians ceded most of modern Ohio and part of Indiana in return for a federal annuity.
After the United States declared war with England for a second time in a generation, American forces
Invaded Canada but were repulsed.
Why was the American Party also known as the Know-Nothing Party?
It began as a secret society.
South Carolinians call the Tariff of 1828 the "tariff of abominations" because
It drove the price of European goods beyond their ability to pay.
The Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) had what important political consequence in addition to its military significance?
It enabled President Lincoln to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
What did the Reconstruction of Act of March 2, 1867, provide?
It established former Confederate states as territories and divided them into military districts.
Why did some Americans, southerners in particular, opposeJay's Treaty?
It favored merchant classes but increased expenses for everyone.
Other than getting laborers to work their land, how did the sharecrop system benefit landowners?
It reduced their risk when cotton prices were low.
How did the constitution of the Confederacy differ from that of the United States?
It stated specifically that whites were superior to blacks.
What policy did the new Republic of Texas follow with regard to its status among nations?
It wanted annexation to the United States as soon as possible.
Who was selected to serve as president of the Confederate States of America?
Jefferson F. Davis of Mississippi, a moderate.
What did women usually receive in the rare case of divorce?
Little more than their clothes.
Who was the first missionary to reach Oregon?
Methodist Jason Lee.
Most internal migrants
Moved only short distances.
What changes occurred in urban development by the 1830s?
Neighborhoods stratified by class.
Women were particularly drawn to Shakerism because
Of a belief in the spiritual equality of women and men.
New England shippers
Opposed war against England
In America during the decade following the War of 1812,
Paternalistic employment arrangements declined in favor of wage dependency and labor contracts
What motivated most northern men to serve in the Union army?
Patriotism and preservation of the Union. Or Ending slavery once and for all.
What was Andrew Jackson's primary reason for appointments to federal offices?
Personal loyalty to him
Why did slave codes assign slaves status as personal property rather than real property?
Personal property management was more flexible.
On June 1, 1812, after continuing interference with American shipping,
President Madison asked Congress to declare war on England, because the British navy continued to stop American vessels and impress American sailors into the British service.
Medical practices during the Civil War were
Primitive.
The First Amendment to the Constitution
Protected citizens against congressional interference with freedom of religion, speech, the press, or assembly.
Those who advocated a harsh peace for the South and citizenship for former slaves were called what?
Radical Republicans
The completion of the last of the eastern Indian "removals" marked the beginning of a federal policy toward
Reservations
When Douglas divided Nebraska Territory into two territories, he expected popular sovereignty to
Result in one slave state and one free state.
What rule of law was upheld in the case of Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819), a case concerning the charter of Dartmouth College?
Rights of contract.
To what does the term "contraband" refer?
Runaway slaves in Union custody.
Sam Houston led Texas revolutionaries to victory in the decisive battle of
San Jacinto
The western trail that departed from Independence, Missouri, near Kansas City was the
Santa Fe Trail.
Secretary Knox argued that Indian tribes
Should be regarded as foreign entities.
Who were Joseph E. Brown and Zebulon Vance
Southern governors more interested in states' rights than Confederate victory.
Who were Joseph E. Brown and Zebulon Vance?
Southern governors more interested in states' rights than Confederate victory.
What was the most consistent source of tension in Confederate government?
States' rights.
Slave rice cultivators commonly worked by the __________, which involved a specific assignment for a day's work
Task system
As president, Andrew Jackson believed
That he spoke for the nation on all matters.
George Rapp, who also thought the Second Coming of Christ was imminent, believed
That members should amass material wealth to place at Christ's disposal.
Why did the Democratic-Republicans hesitate to challenge the Alien and Sedition Acts before the Supreme Court?
The Court was dominated by Federalist justices.
What event heightened concerns in 1800 that the nation might not survive, but fracture?
The Gabriel slave conspiracy.
What was the result when President John Adams sent Elbridge Gerry, John Marshall, and Charles Pinckney to France in an attempt to resolve differences between the United States and France?
The XYZ Affair.
What did Congress seek to accomplish with passage of the Judiciary Act of 1789?
The creation of a federal court system with limited power.
What had forced North and South into a final debate over the future of slavery by 1850?
The disposition of land acquired in the war with Mexico
President Martin Van Buren agreed with President Andrew Jackson that
The federal government should not manage currency.
The philosophy of self-culture brought what social movement to prominence?
The lyceum movement, which featured lectures on various subjects
All of the following challenged the future of the United States except
The passage of the the judiciary act of 1800
What type of individual typified the "New Middle Class"?
The self-made man.
What most distinguished Irish immigrants from general American society?
Their Catholic religion
What did New England teacher Laura M. Towne observe about freed African Americans in her South Carolina classroom?
They were eager to learn.
Why was there a shortage of agricultural workers in the South during Reconstruction?
Thousands of emancipated blacks left the South to pursue opportunities in the North.
What slogan characterized the presidential campaign of 1840?
Tippecanoe and Tyler Too."
What was the principal goal of terrorist organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan?
To restore white supremacy in the South.
The Female moral reform society
Tried to reclaim women from prostitution
Which Confederate state experienced the greatest opposition to secession?
Virginia
President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction required 10 percent of what group to swear future loyalty to the United States?
Voting population of a state in 1860.
New immigrants usually found work as
Wage laborers in cities
Draft resistance in the Confederac
Went beyond anything the Union had experienced.
Draft resistance in the Confederacy
Went beyond anything the Union had experienced.
What was at stake in the Aroostook War?
Whether timber in the Aroostook Valley belonged to Canada or the United States.
What group provided the "backbone" of the Benevolent Empire?
Women Volunteers
The organization of new political groups such as the Working Men's Party provides evidence that
Workers lacked confidence in existing parties.
Many free Americans believed that slaves could not possess republican character
a.Because slave labor was incompatible with republican character. b. Their work could never lead to self-reliance. c. Each statement is correct. ***** d. They had no stake in the public order necessary for citizenship.
To weaken a Federalist attempt to pack
the federal courts through late-term appointments authorized by the Judiciary Act of 1801, President Jefferson ordered commissions for new judges not yet delivered to be withheld.