History final exam
who was Herodotus? & what is he known for?
"Father of History", wrote about the Persian Wars - first historian to collect and systematically document events and create an account. He compiled these accounts into his single major work known as The Histories
Aryans 1500 BCE: dharma-- chapter 2
"Law of being" in Hinduism, the divine law that rules karma; it requires all people to do their duty based on their status in society
Kshatriyas-- chapter 2
"Nobles " - The top of the caste system
Vaisyas-- chapter 2
"The commoners" - The middle of the caste system
who was Zheng He?
(1371-1435) China's most famous navigator in the 15th century. Traveled the Indian Ocean, visiting Africa, India, and the Middle East.
Who was Ashoka?-- chapter 2
(269-233 b.c.e.) Grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, widely considered the greatest ruler in the history of India.
who was Cortes and what did he do?
-Spanish conquistador and explorer----defeated the Aztecs and claimed Mexico for Spain. -ruled: Mexico
who was St. Peter?
-first pope -he is the patron saint of netmakers, shipbuilders, and fishermen, and, because he holds the "keys of heaven," he is also the patron saint of locksmiths. -Rome
who was Clovis and why is he important?
-founded the Merovingian kingdom of Gaul -the most successful of the barbarian states of the 5th century. He is widely regarded as the originator of the French nation
who was Gautama?
-founder of Buddhism -spiritual teacher in Nepal (South Asia) during the 6th century B.C. -his teachings serve as the foundation of the Buddhist religion.
who was Thucydides?
-greatest of ancient Greek historians and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War; believed that certain types of events and political situations recur over time
Who was Pope Urban II?
-he made a speech telling christians to fight to regain jerusalem -makes perhaps the most influential speech of the Middle Ages, giving rise to the Crusades by calling all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land -France - was Pope from 12 March 1088 to his death in 1099
Mauryan Empire 321-184 BCE: Ashoka-- chapter 2
3rd ruler of the Maurya Empire. He converted the empire from Hinduism to Buddhism because he felt guilty about the amount of people when an unconquered country is conquered
great wall-- chapter 3
4000 miles long the top is a pathway for chariots and it kept marauders out Qin's project
There were farming villages in Central and South America by-- chapter 6
5000 B.C.E.
hundred schools of ancient philosophy-- legalism-- chapter 3
A Chinese philosophy that was devoted to strengthen and expand the state through increased agricultural work and military service.
Recent archeological and anthropological discoveries have shown that-- chapter 8
African societies were much more involved in worldwide developments of human history than had previously been believed
The emerge of civilization-- new political and military structures-- chapter 1
An organized government bureaucracy arose to meet the administrative demands of the growing population, and armies were organized to gain land and power and for defense.
The family of languages spoken by people who inhabit the region south of the Sahara Desert and Axum is-- chapter 8
Bantu
What are the key aspects of social and economic life in early China?-- chapter 3
Basically loyalties were hierarchical by age and generation within a family, next came village and province. Most people's lives centered on agriculture: either growing or trading food related commodities.
The Frankish leader who defeated a Muslim army near Tours in 732 was-- chapter 7
Charles Martel
what ancient civilizations survived, intact, until the twentieth century?-- chapter 3
Chinese
who was Confucius? What did he believe?
Chinese philosopher who believed everyone should act morally and do what is right -Confucius was the founder of the philosophy of Confucianism
What is the dawn of Chinese civilization?-- chapter 3
Chinese society was founded by a series of rulers who brought the first principles of civilization to the region nearly five thousand years ago. Fu Xi, the ox-tamer, was the first, introduced the beginning of family life. The second was Shen Nong, the divine farmer, he taught the people techniques of agriculture. The last was Huang Di, the Yellow Emperor, credited for writing the Chinese system of writing and the bow and arrow.
Where specifically did people in Inner China decide to settle? and Why?-- chapter 3
Close to the ocean and rivers Because it had good farming land and the weather conditions are harsh in China and the lay of the land was ideal.
What literature like in Indian culture?-- chapter 2
Consists of the four Vedas, which were passed orally from generation to generation until finally written down after the Aryan arrived
emperor (blank) was the first emperor to convert to Christianity and he issued to edict of Milan officially tolerating Christianity-- chapter 5
Constantine
Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age)-- chapter 1
the period from 10,000 to 7000 BCE, characterized by a gradual transition from a food-gathering and hunting economy to a food-producing economy
paleolithic age-- chapter 1
the period of human history when humans used simple stone tools (c. 2,500,000-10,000 BCE).
The original reason for the rise of the kingdom of Ghana was-- chapter 8
the role it played in the gold trade
What were the political structures of the Zhou dynasty in china?-- chapter 3
Dividing the kingdom into a number of territories governed by officials appointed by the king.
what were the jati about?-- chapter 2
Each (blank) was identified with a particular varna and each had its own seperate economic function. Primitive form of welfare system
who was Richard the Lionhearted?
English king who negotiated a settlement with Saladin to allow Christian pilgrims access to Jerusalem -His most noted and celebrated victories were against Saladin, the Muslim leader during the Third Crusade.
Economy-- chapter 2-- What played an important role in Indus religion?
Farming
The land and people of China-- chapter 3
First Homo sapiens arrived sometime around 40,000 b.c.e. Around the eighth millennium, people in Central China began mastering the cultivation of crops. Many settlements in the neighborhood of the Yellow River, two Neolithic societies: Yangshao & Longshan. Southern settlements were based on the cultivation of rice rather than dry crops.
What is Jainism?-- chapter 2
Founded by Mahvira, more extreme in practice than Buddhism. Extreme simplicity, no possessions & relied on begging.
What "modern" idea was advanced by Confucius over two thousand years ago?-- chapter 3
Government depends on the will of the people.
India's "classical age" is traditionally associated with the-- chapter 9
Gupta dynasty
It can be said of medieval Indian culture that-- chapter 9
the temples of India are among that civilization's most important artistic contributions
Agricultural Revolution-- chapter 1
the time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
the largest area of roman innovation in architecture was-- chapter 5
the use of concrete on a massive scale
What is the two technological innovations are associated with the Paleolithic era?-- chapter 1
the use of stone tools and fire
Which of the following accurately characterizes ancient Egyptian civilization?-- chapter 1
there was a sense of security and a feeling of changelessness
As a result of the Black Death-- chapter 13
there was an increase in anti-Semitism
True or false? the Indo-Europeans were significant because many languages in Europe and Asia are derived from the Indo-Europeans' mother tongue -- chapter 1
True
true or false- The two main cities of early Indian civilization are Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro?-- chapter 2
True
true or false? the early civilization of Mesopotamia, India, Egypt, and China all emerged in river valleys that supported agricultural development-- chapter 1
True
who was Mansa Musa and what did he do?
He was a skilled military leader; -he controlled trade of gold and salt, put down rebellions, -expanded Ghana's empire nearly 2 times the size, -divided empire into provinces, -appointed governors (ruled fairly and efficiently), and built new mosques at Timbuktu and Gao. -fourteenth century emperor of the Mali Empire
who was Octavian?
He was the first Emperor of the Roman and started the Pax Romana
The victor at the Battle of Hastings was-- chapter 12
William of Normandy
What is the mandate of heaven in china?-- chapter 3
Heaven maintained order in the universe through the Zhou king who ruled as a representative of heaven, not a divine being. He had to appease the gods. This idea was to justify the Zhou conquest of the Shang. Eventually became a cardinal principle of Chinese statecraft.
The English king most responsible for establishing the "common law" was-- chapter 12
Henry II
What was the life of an Indian farmer like?-- chapter 2
Life was harsh. The most fortunate owned their land but had to pay taxes to the state. Many others were sharecroppers or landless laborers and often paid rents to their landlord. A problem for farmers was the unpredictable weather. When rain came late, thousands starved especially in dry areas where rain was depended upon
The two early Japanese capitals were ______ and ______-- chapter 11
Nara and Heian
Daily life-- What was marriage like in ancient india?-- chapter 2
Only males could inherit property, a woman was always considered a minor. Divorce was prohibited, husbands could marry a second wife if the first was barren because children provided security for their parents & they were physical proof of males potency. Child marriage was common for young girls
The most tolerant and efficient of the Near Eastern empires was the-- chapter 1
Persian
Brahmans-- chapter 2-- Indian society & life
Priestly class of Aryans who were considered at the top of the social scale-perform religious ceremonies for deities
The first fully unified government in Chinese history was that of the-- chapter 3
Qin dynasty
Qin Shi Huangdi-- chapter 3
Qin ruler forceful personality and immense ambition had passion for centralization
Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?-- chapter 7
Recognition of Abu-Bakr as the legitimate caliph
the hoplite phalanx was-- chapter 4
a new Greek military organization of heavily armed infantry
true or false-- The purpose of the human sacrifices that were practiced by the Aztecs was to appease Huitzilopochtli and thus delay the ultimate destruction of their world-- chapter 6
true
true or false-- The trade route that connected China with the Roman Empire was the Silk Road.-- chapter 3
true
true or false-- The ultimate goal in Brahmanism is to attain an ultimate spiritual union with the Brahman and escape the pain of living-- chapter 2
true
true or false-- Two great Indian historical epics are the "Mahabharata" and the "Ramayana" that recount the martial exploits of great Aryan rulers and warriors-- chapter 2
true
true or false-- Until the twelfth century, Constantinople was Europe's greatest commercial center-- chapter 13
true
true or false-- Women in the Islamic world were expected to be modest, could own property, and could obtain a separation from her husband under certain circumstances-- chapter 7
true
true or false-- Wu Zhao became empress of China-- chapter 10
true
true or false-- art often shows women in equal roles-- chapter 2
true
true or false-- the Great Schism saw two different individuals claiming to be the true pope-- chapter 13
true
true or false-- women allowed to divorce husbands who deserted them-- chapter 2
true
true or false-- women always considered legal minors-- chapter 2
true
true or false-- women forbidden from being priests-- chapter 2
true
true or false--By the Tang and Song eras, the gentry had replaced the aristocracy as the political and economic elite of Chinese society-- chapter 10
true
true or false--Kakaw (cacao, chocolate) was used as a scared beverage for many Mesoamerican peoples-- chapter 6
true
true or false--Of the following: Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, the longest in Chinese history was the Zhou.
true
true or false--The Gupta Dynasty was founded by Chandragupta I which began a new "classical age" of civilization for India-- chapter 9
true
true or false--The Renaissance was a rebirth of Greco-Roman culture-- chapter 13
true
true or false--The Taika reforms, based upon the Chinese model, were intended to make the Japanese government operate more efficiently-- chapter 11
true
true or false--The earliest form of surviving architecture found in Africa are the pyramids of Egypt-- chapter 8
true
true or false--The invention of paper took place during the Han dynasty, and the invention of woodblock printing happened during the Tang Dynasty-- chapter 10
true
100 schools of ancient philosophy-- chapter 3
wide ranging debate over the nature of human beings, society, and the universe
the Olympic games were held to honor-- chapter 4
zeus
The largest city in North America until 19th century Philadelphia was located at-- chapter 6
Cahokia.
What was the principle accomplishment of the Sui Dynasty?-- chapter 10
Construction of the Grand Canal
The appropriate chronological order of dynastic eras in China is as follows: -- chapter 10
Han-Sui-Tang-Song
Contrary to the philosophy of Legalism, Mencius believed that-- chapter 3
People were inherently good and did not need to be coerced by the government.
The main trio of the polytheistic gods in India are?-- chapter 2
Shiva the Destroyer, Vishnu the Preserver, and Brahman the Creator
What prevented an all-out attack on Western Europe by the Mongols in the early 13th Century?-- chapter 10
The death of Genghis Khan
The primary means of transporting goods in the Han Empire was-- chapter 3
a vast canal system
Staple crops of the Olmec civilization included-- chapter 6
beans, corn and squash
A significant complication, other than religion, for coexistence of Muslims and Hindus was-- chapter 9
class and caste
Ashoka was most notable for-- chapter 2
his conversion to Buddhism and facilitated its spread through India
The Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán was unusual because: chapter 6
it was centered on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco
Where did the oldest of the Neolithic farming villages first form?-- chapter 1
middle East
A significant difference between Buddhism and Brahmanism was-- chapter 2
rejection of the rigid caste system
The two major characteristics of the Italian Renaissance were -- chapter 13
secularism and individualism
The first areas of Islamic expansion were to-- chapter 7
the Byzantine and Sassanid empires
who was William of Normandy?
The Duke of Normandy, who invaded England in 1066 and ruled as King of England until 1087. - by consolidating the power of the monarch, he reduced the power of English noblemen.
What distinction was signified by the Magna Carta?-- chapter 12
the king could not tax the people without the consent of the Council
why there was a separation between the Jews and their non-Jewish neighbors, such as the Mesopotamians and Egyptians?-- chapter 1
The Hebrews practiced the rare tradition of monotheism, which prevented them from accepting the gods of their conquerors or new neighbors
What were the chief characteristics of the Chinese arts and writing system?-- chapter 3
The four earliest civilizations - Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Indian, and Chinese in each case in the valley of a great river system. They all had the earliest advances in technology and creation of writing systems. Chinese differed by using characters.
The emerge of civilization-- A distinct religious structure-- chapter 1
The gods were deemed crucial to the community's success, and a professional priestly class, serving as stewards of the gods' property, regulated relations with the gods
Reincarnation
The idea that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death & progresses through several existences until reaching the final destination with the Great World Soul, Brahman. From this concept comes Brahmanism
what was true about Shang government?-- chapter 3
The king was viewed as an intermediary between heaven and earth.
jati-- chapter 2
The people of ancient India did not belong to a particular class as individuals but as a part of a larger group called the jati
who was Alexander the Great?
The son of King Philip, became king of Macedonia and Greece at 20 years old, and conquered a massive empire
Some groups of Paleolithic peoples found shelter in caves, but over time, they also created new types of shelter. The most common was-- chapter 1
a simple structure of wood poles or sticks covered with animal hides
In Roman religion, a right relationship with the gods was achieved by-- chapter 5
accurate performance of rituals and festivals
hundred schools of ancient philosophy-- Daoism-- chapter 3
alternative to Confucian attempts to set forth proper forms of behavior not action but INACTION-let nature take its course
the Romans most notable innovations in art and culture were found in-- chapter 5
architecture and engineering
The new states of Southeast Asia-- chapter 9
assimilated Chinese and/or Indian practices into their own ways of doing things
Xia dynasty 2000 BCE-- chapter 3
beginning of Chinese civilization founder is Yu
the emphasis on literature as historical sources is particularly important for early aryan society. our understanding of this period comes primary from the blank, which dates from the second millennium BCE-- chapter 2
big veda
The Indian priestly caste was known as the-- chapter 2
brahmin
By the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French gained victory because of-- chapter 13
cannon and gunpowder
Shang dynasty 1500 BCE-- chapter 3
capital: Anyang used divination (oracle bones)famous for their bronzes and writing
The Qin dynasty-- chapter 3
carried out public book burnings.
the second Punic war saw Carthage-- chapter 5
carry a land war to Rome by crossing the alps
Though Chandragupta Maurya's central government controlled much of the ancient Indian economy, the blank dominated the private sector-- chapter 2
caste guilds
Eventually positions in the Chinese government were achieved by-- chapter 10
civil service examinations
The Egyptian pyramids were-- chapter 1
conceived and built as tombs for a city of the dead during the Old Kingdom
The civilization of the Inka-- chapter 6
constructed an impressive system of roads and bridges throughout its extensive domain.
Greek geography-- chapter 4
contained mountainous areas that impeded Greek unity
The production of _________ was important in India from Ancient times through the Middle Ages-- chapter 9
cotton
what were women's lives like in Athens?-- chapter 4
could participate in most religious cults and festivals
Cyrus the Great-- chapter 1
created a great Persian Empire
The Persian king who undertook an invasion of the Greek mainland in the early fifth century was-- chapter 1
darius
Mayan civilization-- chapter 6
declined in the eighth or ninth centuries C.E.
Julius Caesar came to sole power by-- chapter 5
defeating Pompey and the senators who endorsed him
The Mayan calendar was significant for-- chapter 6
demonstrating an advanced understanding of astronomy. included a "long count" calendar based on 5,200 years cycles. held the key to deciphering the hieroglyphic tablets found in Palenque. measured time dating back to August of 3114 b.c.e
Roman Imperialism was characterized by-- chapter 5
diplomacy, strategic fortifications, road construction, and allied military support
In which areas were the Mayan and Aztec civilizations similar?-- chapter 6
They both practiced human sacrifice
Which of the following was accomplished by medieval Christian monasteries?-- chapter 12
They served as centers of learning
The Onin War-- chapter 11
effectively destroyed the power of the Ashikaga Shogunate in the 1470s
The central aspect of the Neolithic Revolution was the-- chapter 1
emergence of systematic food production through the domestication of plants and animals
Music in African societies-- chapter 8
employed various musical instruments, including the harp, bells, and the xylophone
King David's chief contribution in Hebrew history was the-- chapter 1
establishment of Hebrew control over all of Palestine (Canaan)
The Neolithic Revolution led to greater equity between men and women. True or False?-- chapter 1
false
true or false-- Brahmanism rejects the concept of reincarnation.
false
true or false-- Shinto was introduced to Japan from China and eventually evolved into the state religion, of Japan-- chapter 11
false
true or false-- The Great Wall of China was first constructed during the Zhou Dynasty.
false
true or false-- The caste system included Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, and Pariah-- chapter 2
false
true or false-- The purpose of Ashoka's polished sandstone pillars was to commemorate his victories over Alexander the Great-- chapter 2
false
true or false-- The region in modern Pakistan which gave birth to the earliest known civilization in the Indian subcontinent was centered on the Ganges River?-- chapter 2
false
true or false-- Under the Ashikaga Shogunate the Mongols successfully invaded and occupied Kyushu-- chapter 11
false
true or false-- women seen as an economic advantage-- chapter 2
false
true or false--Southeast Asian women had fewer rights than Indian and Chinese women-- chapter 9
false
true or false--The Mongols were able to control Korea, Japan, and Vietnam-- chapter 11
false
true or false--WOMEN WERE HELD IN HIGH REGARD AND WERE RESPECTED ON THE SAME LEVEL AS MEN IN ANCIENT CHINA-- chapter 3
false
true or false--Women in Aztec society had no rights, were expected to remain in the home, and had no religious authority at all-- chapter 6
false
The piece of land granted to a vassal was known as a-- chapter 12
fief
The first chinese empire-- Qin dynasty-- chapter 3
first truly unified government transformed Chinese politics had legalism and burned books during this, the great wall was built unified system of weights, standardized monetary measures system
Axum was-- chapter 8
founded possibly by migrants from the Kingdom of Saba/Sheba in the Arabian Peninsula
liu bang (Han Gaozu)-- chapter 3
founder of Han who was a commoner efficient and benevolent
who was Chandragupta Maurya?
founder of the Mauryan Dynasty (died c. 297 bce, Shravanbelagola, India), (reigned c. 321-c. 297 bce) the first emperor to unify most of India under one administration.
How did the first civilization emerge in India?-- chapter 2
from the civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt
The arrival of the iron plow helped turn this area into one of the most densely populated regions on earth-- chapter 2
gangas river valley
hundred schools of ancient philosophy--yin and yang-- chapter 3
good vs evil light vs dark male vs female represents that life is a dynamic process of interaction between these two primary forces
The essence of the "shogunate system" was that-- chapter 11
governmental power became centralized under the shogun, while the emperor ruled in name only
paleolithic peoples did not know how to-- chapter 1
grow crops or raise animals, however. They gathered wild nuts, berries, fruits, and a variety of wild grains and green plants. Around the world, they captured and consumed various animals, including buffalo, horses, bison, wild goats, reindeer, and fish.
paleolithic peoples-- chapter 1
had a close relationship with the world around them, and over a period of time, they came to know which plants to eat and which animals to hunt
In medieval Japan, women-- chapter 11
had varying status, enjoying relative equality as well as suffering discrimination
In Egypt, mummification was to-- chapter 1
help ensure that one could continue to live despite the death of the physical body.
what was the most significant factor of Chandragupta Maurya's reign?-- chapter 2
his centralization of the first unified empire in India
homer's "lliad" points out the-- chapter 4
honor and courage of Greek aristocratic heroes in battle
veneration of ancestors-- chapter 3
honoring ancestors through burning physical objects
The terra-cotta figures near the Qin First Emperor's burial mound demonstrate the-- chapter 3
huge expenditures that were devoted to afterlife preparation for the monarch.
During the Old Stone Age-- chapter 1
hunting and gathering was the way most people supported themselves.
The formal division between the Eastern Orthodox and the Western Christian churches began in 1054 with a disagreement over-- chapter 13
icons and the superior ranking of the Pope over the Patriarch
state confucianism-- chapter 3
integration of Confucian doctrine with Legalist practice
Shinto-- chapter 11
is an Animist religion which involves the performance of ritual acts, usually performed at a shrine
The geographical obstacle which divides Africa's northern coast from the rest of the continent-- chapter 8
is the Sahara Desert
A unique aspect of the ancient Ethiopian civilization was the fact that-- chapter 8
it adopted the form of Christianity practiced in Egypt
How did the invention of bronze help the Shang become a powerful army?-- chapter 3
it helped them stay in power for 500 years of all the clans
depiction of life in classical Athens-- chapter 4
it was male dominated that used slaves, was predominately agricultural, employed a limited number of craftsmen, gave a major role to the family, and accepted the practice of male homosexuality
The Japanese word that refers to the "divine wind" of the massive typhoon that destroyed the invading Mongol fleet of Khubilai Khan is-- chapter 11
kamikaze
The Indian term that refers to the impact of one's actions in life on a later life after reincarnation is-- chapter 2
karma
Julius Caesar-- chapter 5
led military commands in Spain and especially Gaul that enhanced his power and popularity
Fu Xi, Shen Nong, Huang Di-- chapter 3
legendary founding rulers
in sparta-- chapter 4
life resembled that of a military camp
Zhou dynasty-- chapter 3
longest lived dynasty in China (800 years) Era of Warring States Era of 100 schools Confucius Daoism
The Mongols were able to maintain control in China for an extended period because they-- chapter 10
maintained commercial policies that were conducive to Chinese prosperity
India's role in regional trade increased following the rise of this dynasty-- chapter 2
mauryas
Buddhism was brought to China by-- chapter 10
merchants from India
During the reign of Akhenaten-- chapter 1
monotheism was introduced but was later replaced once again by polytheism
Islam is-- chapter 7
monotheistic
hundred schools of ancient philosophy-- Heaven (Tian) -- chapter 3
more impersonal symbol of universal order Tian or T'ien
what is NOT TRUE of Greek religion?-- chapter 4
myths served no particular social function
The focal points and sources of life for the ancient Egyptians were the-- chapter 1
nile River and the pharaohs
Rome set a precedent for treating its vanquished foes after forming the Roman Confederation by-- chapter 5
offering the most favored "allied" peoples full roman citizenship, thus giving them a stake in successful roman expansion
The first civilization in Mesoamerica was the-- chapter 6
olmec
han dynasty 202 BCE-221 CE- chapter 3
one of the greatest and most durable dynasties a golden age abandoned legalism but kept centralized political institutions of Qin
silk-- chapter 3
one of the most important items of trade in ancient china came from silkworm raising
During the Han Dynasty, Chinese literature was stimulated by the invention of-- chapter 10
paper
Buddhism: The Middle Path-- chapter 2
This religion was founded by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha). It evolved from Hinduism in northern India, later spreading to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia. Taught that life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment that enables one to halt the endless sequence of births and deaths to which one is otherwise subject
What types of people would have been most likely to prefer the philosophy of Daoism?-- chapter 3
Those who liked an individualized approach to life that advocated a natural way of going along with the flow of events.
the Athenian leader whose funeral oration lauded Athenian democracy was-- chapter 4
pericles
"the republic" depicted-- chapter 4
plato's idea of the ideal government and society
The emerge of civilization-- cities became the centers for-- chapter 1
political, economic, social, cultural, and religious development. The cities that emerged were much larger than the Neolithic towns that preceded them.
A primary contribution of Arab scholarship was the-- chapter 7
preservation and dissemination of the science and philosophies of ancient civilizations
the success of Christianity is widely believed by historians to have been due to its-- chapter 5
promise of salvation, its familiarity, & its universality
Silk Road--chapter 3
ran through central china to the middle east fragments of silk found on it method of transportation
WHAT WAS THE MAIN FOOD CROP IN SOUTHERN CHINA?-- chapter 3
rice
who was Tamerlane? chapter 9
ruler of Mongol Khanate based in Samarkand- 1369: seized power-- died 1405
The ideal of early fifteenth-century humanists was to-- chapter 13
serve the state and emphasize the importance of the individual human being
What were the two most important industries in the Han Dynasty? What were they used for?-- chapter 3
silk and salt. they were used for making money
It is speculated that paleolithic people lived in-- chapter 1
small bands of twenty to thirty individuals. They were nomadic, moving from place to place to follow animal migrations and vegetation cycles.
"the unexamined life is not worth living" is cornerstone of the philosophy of-- chapter 4
socrates
at the battle of Thermopylae, the-- chapter 4
spartans fought a noble holding action to the last man
The Indo-Europeans-- chapter 1
spoke related languages, among which are Sanskrit, Persian, and Greek.
Zoroastrianism-- chapter 1
stressed the free will and power of humans to choose between good and evil
Religion: The Fourth Noble truth charts the method for attaining the end of-- chapter 2
suffering, known as the noble eightfold path
the Persian wars were initiated by which event?-- chapter 4
suppression of the Ionian Revolts by Darius
what was conquered by Alexander the Great?-- chapter 4
syria, babylon, egypt & persia
According to the Zhou concept of the Mandate of Heaven chapter 3
the king was expected to rule in a compassionate and effective manner because he was selected by the gods to rule in order to maintain the order of the universe.
two most important technological innovations of paleolithic peoples was the-- chapter 1
the making of tools and the use of fire
the "paterfamilias" in Roman society was-- chapter 5
the male head of the household
Trade networks through India connected these regions-- chapter 2
the pacific rim & the middle east
kharma-- chapter 2
(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation
role of the family-- five relationships-- chapter 3
(father to son, husband to wife, older sibling to younger sibling, king to subjects, and friend to friend)
who was Pizarro and what did he do?
- an explorer, soldier and conquistador best known for conquering the Incas and executing their leader, Atahuapla. - As a soldier, he served on the 1513 expedition of Vasco Núñez de Balboa, during which he discovered the Pacific Ocean. -ruled: Peru
who was King Henry II?
- king of England from 1154 to 1189. -he restored and extended royal authority, supervised great legal reforms, and clashed with Thomas Becket.
who was Charles Martel?
- was famous for the Battle of Tours, in October of 732, where he defeated the Islamic Umayyad Empire and saved Europe from Islamic domination. -ruled France & Germany
who was St. Augustine?
-He is one of the most important early figures in the development of Western Christianity, and was a major figure in bringing Christianity to dominance in the previously pagan Roman Empire.
who was Frederick Barbarossa?
-Hohenstaufen Dynasty--(1152-1190) -attempted to conquer northern Italy -opposition from the pope and Italian cities
Who was Ramses II?
-During his reign as pharaoh, Ramses II led the Egyptian army against several enemies including the Hittites, Syrians, Libyans, and Nubians. -He expanded the Egyptian empire and secured its borders against attackers. Perhaps the most famous battle during Ramses' rule was the Battle of Kadesh. -Ramesses II, also known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
who was Justinian?
-Emperor of the Byzantine Empire -significant for his efforts to regain the lost provinces of the Western Roman Empire, his codification of roman law, and his architectural achievements.
who was Muhammad?
-Founder of Islam, prophet of Allah. -Ruled Saudi Arabia
who was Joan of Arc & what did she do?
-French heroine of the Hundred Years' War who unified the French people and led them to victory -The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453 CE)
who was Gutenberg and what did he do?
-German blacksmith known for inventing the mechanical movable type printing press. - His printing press has been widely considered the most important invention of the modern era because it profoundly impacted the transmission of knowledge -German
Who was Kublai Khan and what did he do?
-He conquered China w/ the Monghals -Adopted many Chinese customs -Created the Yuan Dynasty
who was Homer?
-He is famous for the epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey, which have had an enormous effect on Western culture -Greek
who was Philip II Augustus?
-King of France from 1180 to 1223 - he increased the royal domain by marriage, by exploiting his feudal rights, and by war. His main rival was Henry II of England.
who was Saladin? & what did he do?
-Leader of the Muslims in the 2nd Crusade. He was respected because he spared civilians. -He united the Muslim territories and succeeded in driving out the crusaders from the Holy city of Jerusalem. -took Jerusalem in 1187 -was the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty.
Daily life-- How did women play a part in society in ancient india?-- chapter 2
-Men did most of the work in the fields -women were viewed as only being a little help outside of the home
who was Pope Innocent III?
-Pope who called for a new crusade to destroy Muslim Rule in Southern Spain in the 12th century -(Italy) -spent a majority of his tenure as Pope (1198-1216) preparing for a great crusade on the Holy Land. -His first attempt was the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) which he decreed with the papal bull Post miserabile in 1198.
what is Julius Caesar known for?
-Roman Ruler The famous events for (blank) is most well-known include the Triumvirate, military victories in Gaul, the dictatorship, civil war, and, finally, assassination at the hands of his political enemies in 44 BC
who was Alfred the Great?
-Wessex king practically controlling all of England. He also made many contributions to learning -king of Wessex from 871 to 899. He successfully halted the advance of Danish armies seeking to conquer the English, and he stimulated a revival of learning among his war-ravaged people.
who was Genghis Khan and what did he do?
-a Mongol leader who expanded their territory. -rose from humble beginnings to establish the largest land empire in history. After uniting the nomadic tribes of the Mongolian plateau, he conquered huge chunks of central Asia and China
who was Michelangelo? & what is he best known for?
-an Italian artist and sculptor. -painted the Sistine chapel and made sculptor of Moses
Who was Leonardo da Vinci? & what is he best known for?
-an Italian scientist and artist -best known for his paintings, notably the Mona Lisa (c. 1503-19) and the Last Supper (1495-98).
who was Plato? & why is he important?
-is one of the most important figures of the Ancient Greek world and the entire history of Western thought. -was an Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist who is still considered one of the greatest thinkers in politics, psychology and ethics.
who was Kanishka? Why is he important?
-king of the Kushana Empire in South Asia. -he is famous for his military political and spiritual achievements. his conquest and patronage of Buddhism played an important role from gandhara across the karakoram range to China
who was Moses & why is he important?
-most important Jewish prophet. He's traditionally credited with writing the Torah and with leading the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and across the Red Sea.
who was King John? best known for?
-one of the more controversial monarchs of Medieval England and is most associated with the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215.
who was Gregory the Great? & what is he famous for?
-pope who sent missionaries to England -was Pope from 3 September 590 to 12 March 604 AD. -He is famous for instigating the first recorded large-scale mission from Rome, the Gregorian Mission, to convert the then-pagan Anglo-Saxons in England to Christianity.
who was David? & why is he important?
-second king of ancient Israel. He was the father of Solomon, who expanded the empire that David built. -He is an important figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. -young shepherd who gains fame first as a musician and later by killing the enemy champion Goliath.
who was Abraham? and what is he known for?
-the first Patriarch of the Jewish people. - first person to teach the idea that there was only one God; before then, people believed in many gods. -best known for the depth of his faith.
who was Moctezuma?
-the ninth king of the Aztec Empire. He ruled from 1502 to 1520. -he increased taxes on his people and demanded more human tributes to be sacrificed to the gods.
who was Menes and what did he accomplish?
-was a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period of ancient Egypt credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt -founder of the First Dynasty.
who was St. Paul?
-was an apostle who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world. -Rome/Italy
who was Hideyoshi? and what is he known for?
-was the leader of Japan who completed to reunified the country after 120 years of political fragmentation.
Religion: Steps of the Eight fold Path-- chapter 2
1. Right views 2. Right intentions 3. Right speech 4. Right conduct 5. Right livelihood 6. Right effort 7. Right mindfulness 8. Right meditation
indian life & society: 1. My family places great emphasis on education and knowledge of sanskrit ---blank--- chapter 2 2. According to the Law of Manu, the special duty of my caste is to protect the people 3. I am a farmer 4. I am a manual laborer with limited rights 5. My caste is not mentioned in the Law of Manu
1. brahmin 2. kshatriya 3. vaisya 4. sudra 5. untouchable
What was India like after the Mauryas?-- chapter 2
After Ashoka died, the Mauryan Empire began to decline. 183 b.c.e. the last Mauryan ruler was overthrown by one of his own military commanders. India reverted to disunity. Indo-European speaking peoples, in the first century, fleeing from nomadic Xiongnu warriors in Central Asia seized powered and declares the new Kushan kingdom. Extended their political ways over northern India as far as the central Ganges Valley for the next two centuries. India would not see unity again for another 500 years.
How were their politics organized in china?-- chapter 3
An agricultural society ruled by an aristocratic class. The Shang king ruled with the assistance of a central bureaucracy, his realm was into a number of territories. King was viewed as a link between heaven and earth.
Harappan civilization-- chapter 2
An ancient civilization that developed along the Indus River
Daily life--How was family the basic unit in society?-- ancient india-- chapter 2
An extended family with three generations living together. Linked together in a religious sense to ancestors. The importance of father & son in family ritual underlined the importance of males in Indian society
Escaping the Wheel of Life: Religion: Nivrana-- chapter 2
An ideal state of happiness and peace
The Southeast Asian mainland kingdom formed in the ninth century was-- chapter 9
Angkor
the Emergence of Homo sapiens-- chapter 1
Around 250,000 years ago, a crucial stage in human development began with the emergence of Homo sapiens ("wise human being"). The first anatomically modern humans, known as Homo sapiens sapiens, appeared in Africa between 200,000 and 150,000 years ago
Economy-- What was the economy like in ancient india?-- chapter 2
Aryans did not change the economy drastically. They took up farming and agriculture expanded rapidly with the invention of the iron plow
Which of the following statements about the Sahara Desert is true?-- chapter 8
At one point, it was an area that was green and flourishing with life
Who was Pericles? Why is he important?
Athenian statesman largely responsible for the full development, in the later 5th century bce, of both the Athenian democracy and the Athenian empire, making Athens the political and cultural focus of Greece.
Ayran priests are called this-- chapter 2
Brahmins
Ashoka converted to what when he was emperor of India-- chapter 2
Buddhism
Aryans 1500 BCE: Caste System -- chapter 2-- the emergence of civilization in India
Divided Indian society into groups based on a person's birth, wealth, or occupation
How was the trade & manufacturing in ancient India?-- chapter 2
India became one of the most advanced trading & manufacturing civilizations. After the rise of the Mauryas, India's role in regional trade began to expand.
Aryans 1500 BCE-- Sanskrit-- chapter 2
Indo-european language
Who was Mahmud of Ghazni?
Islamic ruler who led 17 different raiding expeditions into India in the 11th century
After the death of the Hebrew King Solomon, tensions between the northern and southern tribes led to the establishment of two kingdoms, the kingdom of ____________ and the kingdom of ____________. chapter 1
Israel and Judah
descriptions of Hammurabi's law code?-- chapter 1
It emphasized principles of just retribution for offenses, & it reinforced the authority of men in a patriarchal society.
hundred schools of ancient philosphy-- Confucianism-- chapter 3
It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.
what best explains what the Mandate of Heaven was and why it was historically significant?-- chapter 3
It was the belief that the forces of the cosmos chose the rightful ruler and sent signs indicating that a corrupt dynasty had lost the authority to rule.
A major religion that was founded by Mahavira in the sixth century was-- chapter 2
Jainism
who was Charlemagne?
King of the Franks who united Western Europe in the early middle ages -king of the Franks (768-814), king of the Lombards (774-814), and first emperor (800-814) of the Romans
Indian life & society: untouchables-- chapter 2
LOWEST LEVEL OF INDIAN SOCIETY; not considered a real part of the caste system; often given degrading jobs; their life was extremely difficult
WHAT CLASS OF WORKERS WERE CONSIDERED THE LOWEST CLASS IN ANCIENT CHINA?-- chapter 3
MERCHANTS
The Muslim military advances into India were lead by-- chapter 9
Mahmud of Ghazni
The city to which Muhammad went to in 622, a journey known as the Hijrah, was-- chapter 7
Medina
In 1453, the Byzantine Empire fell to the-- chapter 13
Ottoman Turks
What is the Zhou dynasty in china?-- chapter 3
Overthrew the Shang dynasty in the eleventh century. Survived for 800 years and was the longest-lived dynasty in the history of China. (1045-221 b.c.e.)
the key figure in the spread of Christianity outside the Jewish community was-- chapter 5
Paul of tarsus
How did geography influence the civilization that arose in China?-- chapter 3
Regions were protected from invading armies by the massive impenetrable mountains allowing progress to continue uninterrupted. Until Genghis Kahn came along. being very vast and uninhabited meant that communications between tribes was limited and each one developing its own culture. China's proximity and access to other nations via the sea routes were a major influence in trade especially with Britain.
who was Constantine and what did he do?
Reigned from 313-337; Supported Christianity; Nicea Milvian happened - won battle of Milvian Bridge; Edict of Malan: stops persecution of Christians
WHAT DID THE FARMERS HAVE TO DO IN ORDER TO SERVE THE GOVERNMENT?-- chapter 3
SERVE IN MILITARY,PAY TAXES,WORK ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
The principality of Kiev was founded by-- chapter 12
Scandinavian Vikings
The Muslim sect who were the "partisans of Ali" are the-- chapter 7
Shi'ites
The four main Japanese islands are-- chapter 11
Shikoku, Kyushu, Hokkaido, and Honshu
Why was architecture and sculpture a great achievement?-- chapter 2
Some of the earliest examples of Indian architecture stem from the time of Ashoka. Until the Mauryas, the Aryans had used wood so with the rise of the empire, stone began to be used. There were three main types of religious structures: the pillars, the stupa, and the rock chamber. All embellished with decorations.
Mongol raids from the northwest from the khanate in Samarkand were led by their ruler: -- chapter 9
Tamerlane
who was Hammurabi and what did he do?
The ancient king of Babylon compiled a code of laws called Hammurabi's Code that applied to all lands under his rule.
the group that sacked Rome in 410 CE was-- chapter 5
Visigoths
who was Wang Anshi?
Wang Anshi was a noted poet. He wrote poems in the shi form, modeled on those of Du Fu. He was later ranked number seven among the Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song
The emerge of civilization-- A new social structure based on economic power-- chapter 1
While kings and an upper class of priests, political leaders, and warriors dominated, there also existed large groups of free common people (farmers, artisans, craftspeople) and, at the very bottom of the social hierarchy, a class of slaves
Justinian's most lasting accomplishment was-- chapter 13
the Corpus Iuris Civilis
The result of the Third Punic War was-- chapter 5
the complete destruction and subjugation of Carthage
the Gracchus brothers believed that the underlying cause of Romes problems was-- chapter 5
the decline of the small farmer
ancient india is also known for several architectural, artistic, and scientific achievement. what was accomplished, created, or discovered in ancient india? -- chapter 2
the development of "Arabic" numerals & construction of rock chambers for monks and ascetics
What is the Neolithic Revolution?-- chapter 1
the development of agriculture, including the planting of food crops and the domestication of farm animals, around 10,000 BCE.
Which of the following was not an achievement of Muslim science?-- chapter 7
the development of the Upanishads
Hominids-- chapter 1
the earliest human like creatures. They flourished in East and South Africa as long as 3 to 4 million years ago.
the Hellenistic era describes an age that saw-- chapter 4
the extension and imitation of Greek culture throughout the ancient near west
Sikhism-- chapter 9
tried to blend Islam and Hinduism
Siddhartha Gautama articulated the "Four Noble Truths," which taught that life is suffering, that suffering is caused by desire, that the solution to suffering is curbing one's desire, and that Desire can be curbed by following the Eightfold Path-- chapter 2
true
The Qur'an was derived from the revelations of Muhammad-- chapter 7
true
The ultimate spiritual reward in Buddhism is Nirvana-- chapter 2
true
True or False: The Neolithic societies known as Yangshao and Longshan were early agricultural settlements near the Yellow River.-- chapter 3
true
true or false- The center of the Muslim state in Spain was Andalusia-- chapter 7
true
true or false-- "If the government seeks to rule by decrees, and to maintain order by the use of punishment, the people will seek to evade punishment and have no sense of shame. But if the government leads by virtue and governs through the rules of propriety, the people will feel shame and seek to correct their mistakes." This statement reflects the ideas of Confucius.-- chapter 3
true
true or false-- After the tenth century, Muslim power in Spain began to decline-- chapter 12
true
true or false-- Ancient Chinese civilization originated in the valleys of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers.-- chapter 3
true
true or false-- As Islam spread in Africa, a different and distinctly African form of the religion developed, as local religious practices replaced basic Islamic ones-- chapter 8
true
true or false-- Before Islam developed in Africa, most African societies already had well-developed systems of religious belief-- chapter 8
true
true or false-- Champa was a trading society, based on Indian culture and values, which ruled the southern portion of what is now Vietnam from 192 until 1471-- chapter 11
true
true or false-- Facets of Shinto include the importance of bodily cleanliness, physical allure of the natural setting, association with the belief in the ruler's divinity, and belief in spirits tied to nature-- chapter 11
true
true or false-- In general terms, it can be said that Islamic society relied heavily on religious doctrine to determine proper behavior in the areas of politics, economics, law, and ethics-- chapter 7
true
true or false-- Jainism taught extreme simplicity and owning no possessions, even clothes?-- chapter 2
true
true or false-- Muhammad's teachings stressed that Islam was not just a religion but also a way of life-- chapter 7
true
true or false-- Muslim rule probably did not have a significant impact on the lives of most Indian women-- chapter 9
true
true or false-- The Ajanta caves contain elaborate wall paintings relating to the Buddha and are examples of some of India's greatest artistic achievements-- chapter 9
true
true or false-- The Ancient pueblo peoples (Anasazi) created a system of roads, mastered the art of irrigation, and established an important urban center at Chaco Canyon (New Mexico)-- chapter 6
true
true or false-- The Ka'aba was the shrine in Mecca containing a large black meterorite-- chapter 7
true
true or false-- The Koryo Dynasty arose in northern Korea in the tenth century and retained power for four hundred years-- chapter 11
true
true or false-- The Maya were the only Mesoamerican people to devide a complete written language-- chapter 6
true
true or false-- The Ming Dynasty extended its rule into Mongolia and Central Asia, strengthened the Great Wall, and sent out a series of fleets across the Indian Ocean-- chapter 10
true
true or false-- The Nika Revolt was ultimately supressed by Emperor Justinian because of advice by his wife, Theodora-- chapter 13
true
true or false-- The Three Kingdoms of early Korea were Paekche, Silla, and Koguryo-- chapter 11
true
true or false-- The founder of the Mongol Empire was Genghis Khan-- chapter 10
true
true or false-- The government under the rule of the shogun was known as the "bakufu," or "tent government."-- chapter 11
true
true or false-- The great iron-working culture of northern Nigeria was the Nok-- chapter 8
true
true or false-- The impact of the caste system, which restricted economic opportunities, may have contributed to the decline in medieval Indian manufacturing and commercial activity within India-- chapter 9
true
true or false-- The king of Mali who went on a famous pilgrimage to Mecca in the fourteenth century was Mansa Musa-- chapter 8
true
Shang dynasty-- oracle bones-- chapter 3
used for divination inscriptions are the earliest form of Chinese writing
greek comedy was-- chapter 4
used to express political views as evidenced by Aristophanes' work "Lysistrata"
who was Pope Leo III? and what is he noted for:
was Pope and ruler of the Papal States (Rome) from 26 December 795 to his death in 816. -noted for: crowning Charlemagne Emperor and establishing the precedent that only the pope could confer the imperial crown. -Protected by Charlemagne from his enemies in Rome
who was St. Benedict?
was a Christian Saint, a patron saint of Europe. He made a strict moral code for monks in monastaries. - known as the "father of Western monasticism"
The caste system-- chapter 2
was applicable to every member of Indian society
who was Aquinas?
was born circa 1225 in Roccasecca, Italy. -Combining the theological principles of faith with the philosophical principles of reason, he ranked among the most influential thinkers of medieval Scholasticism
Agriculture in Japan-- chapter 11
was fundamentally changed by the introduction of rice cultivation about 400 B.C.E.
Who was Shi Huangdi and what did he do?
was important because he unified China as the first emperor of this unified nation
Korea-- chapter 11
was more influenced by Chinese ideas and practices than any other East Asian society
Sumerian writing-- chapter 1
was originally pictographic but became cuneiform
Mesopotamian religion-- chapter 1
was reinforced by the intensity and unpredictability of the region's environment
What was the economy and society during the Zhou dynasty in china?-- chapter 3
well field system
Slavery in Africa-- chapter 8
went back to ancient times, long before the arrival of the Europeans
The samurai-- chapter 11
were a class of military officials and lived by the Code of Bushido
Punishments for crimes under the Code of Hammurabi-- chapter 1
were more severe for the lower classes