History Final Exam
shay's rebellion
1786 revolt by Massachusetts farmers seeking relief from debt and foreclosure that was a factor in the calling of the Constitutional Convention They were upset about paying high taxes and wanted debt relief from the government.
Who won the b.o.Princeton
Colonies/ Americans
Who won B.o.t
Colonies/Americans
Sugar Act Reaction
Colonists boycotted (refused to buy goods) in protest -Smuggled (illegally imported/exported products; snuck) goods in from other countries
Weaknesses
Congress did not have power to enforce laws congress had no power to collect taxes Every state had to agree to the changes
Who has the power to declare war?
Congress has the power to declare war.
What can the legislative branch do if the president vetoes a bill?
Congress has the power to override the Presidents veto if both the house of rep. and the Senate have at least 2/3 vote to pass.
What is the Loyalists Point of view toward taxes, representation in England, British soldiers, trade, separation with England, Property
Did not want to separate with England Thankful to have the British soldiers to serve Loyalists believed that colonists are British subjects and should obey British law. Loyalists believed that the colonies were too far away from England to have representation in parliament However does care about some reputation because they want say in the amount of taxes they pay if that is too little. they have no control Loyalists believed that the colonies profited trade with England
New jersey Plan
Gives more power to the national government. The national legislator would be unicameral meaning it would have one house or one group of representatives. Each state would have equal representation in the legislature.
Strengths
States got to keep there power of independence There was no powerful government to tell them what to do
who won battle of Yorktown
america
who bos
america/ colonies
King george
angered colonists which made them want to seperate made them want to seperate cruel mean
Who has the power to appoint judges?
executive branch
Who had the majority if power in the aoc?
states
Who must approve all treaties initiated/ created by the president?
THE SENATE
wHAT WERE THE TERMS OF THE TREATY OF PARIS (1783)
The treaty stated that the Mississippi and the western boundary now were a part of the US Spain now regained Florida The treaty also promised Americans to pay British merchants from the war through taxes British were now forced to leave It showed they were independent and the US where in debt After this war in the new nation some challenges that America my face is debt no support from empires empires for dealing with relationships with other countries and trade
Why did the British tax the colonies in North America?
War debt
Battle of Princton
Was a surprise attack at Princton The army surprised Britain by coming in a different direction that was expected.
Why did the colonists oppose paying the taxes?
-"TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION" -They didn't have a voice in Parliament/government -Members of Parliament elected from population of mother country, not colonies, not represented in Parliament -Had no way to vote for how they would be taxed or who would represent them -No colonial representation, British government free to tax colonists any way, any amount -No way fight taxation, no claim of rights, colonists feared property taken away through debilitating taxes
Boston tea party
-Act of open rebellion as a result of the Tea Act -Colonists dumped shiploads of British Tea in the Boston Harbor
tea action reaction
-British had monopoly (when a single company has complete control of a product, allowing them to manipulate prices) on selling tea -Merchants complained the Tea Act ruined business and feared East India Company would control all tea sales -Set off chain reaction of open rebellion, including the Boston Tea Party
Writs of Assistance (remember use wrist to knock) Reaction
-Colonists felt this violated the right to privacy in their homes
Quartering Act Reaction
-Colonists felt was an attack on their rights and a violation of privacy
the Quartering act
-Colonists had to find/provide quarters, or living space for the British soldiers stationed in America
Townshend Act (remember Townsman) Reaction
-Colonists protested "Taxation Without Representation", rioted, organized boycotts of British goods, and smuggled goods from other countries -As a result, Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts, except for tax on tea -Colonists continued to smuggle tea from other countries, leading to financial trouble for the British East India Tea Company
Stamp Act Reaction
-Colonists refused to use the stamps, burned them, and started violent riots -As a result to protests, Parliament repealed (to take back or cancel) the Stamp Act in 1765
Describe the Economic theory of mercantlism
-Economic policy of mercantilism holds that a nation's power is directly related to its wealth -Mo' money, mo' power, mercantilism!
Townshend Act
-Passed in need of more revenue (income/money) -Taxed imports of glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea
Identify and explain the effects of the French and Indian war/ how did it cause ar
-The french and indian war increased the amount of debt the country owed -Proclamation of 1763 and land claim: colonists wanted land to settle in but Indians were mad -Raise taxes in colonies for military funding -Colonists didn't get land they fought for and had a right to -Colonists gained confidence, felt equals to British -Colonists felt didn't need to depend on British for protection
intolerable acts reaction
-This crisis increased thought of war -Brought unity among the colonies and colonists got into action -Delegates met in Philadelphia at the First Continental Congress to discuss how a reaction to Britain's excessive use of power
"No taxation with out representation"
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American Revolution
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American government
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Constitution
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ELTAR
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French and indian war
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Merchantlism
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Mission 1:large states vs small states (representation)
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Mission 2: Northern and southern states ( slavery/representation )
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of confederation?
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What were the reasons to support or oppose indenpece in britian
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Anti-federalist
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Treaty of paris
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Constitutional convention
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Explain the structure and organization of the constitution
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Reasons the Articles of Confederation Failed
1) it gave more authority to the STATES and very little to the NATIONAL government. 2) Congress could not tax 3) there was no judicial branch to settle disputes 4) different currencies (no common money), hurt trade
Navigation acts
1. All goods coming to England had to be carried on English ships 2. Captains and most of the crew on the ship had to be English 3. Certain products produced in the colonies could ONLY be shipped to England (1663). 4. American merchants had to pay a tax on certain goods (1673). -Control colonial trade and ensure the colonies remained profitable for England -England: laws increased revenues but same time increased costs of law enforcement of America -Colonists: meant more English involvement in colonial affairs, resented so began smuggling goods and refused to pay taxes -Mercantilism: Only to benefit England, make sure colonies are profitable, colonies make money, British make money
Colonists weaknesses
1/3 of colonists were loyalists and remained loyal to England throughout the war The colonist had in adequate finances because Congress could not tax they only request that the individual Connie send financial aid for the army The colonist had virtually no factories to make military supplies they had to rely on foreign support to supply the army Shortage of supplies and ammunition Small navy The colonial army laughed training and discipline because of short term enlistment
HOW MANY JUDGES
9
Name lead figures of the group that were federalists
Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, James Madison
George Washington, John adams, Samuel adams, John Jay
All participated in in the continental congress- Meeting that requested to seperate from england.
Sugar Act
Attempt to raise revenue after French and Indian war left Britain in heavy debt -Taxed molasses imports to the colonies
what were 3 important battle for the continental
Battle of Saratoga, Battle of Yorktown, Battle of trenton, Battle of Bunker hill
What events/caused the French and Indian war
Both the French and British wanted the land of the Ohio river valley. Ohio River Valley known for its fertile land and abundance of fur bearing animals Area home to Ohio River: provided excellent transportation
Boston tea party reaction
Britian passed a series of laws to purpose to punish the conlonies ( the intolerable acts)
Who won the battle of bh
British
Battle of Yorktown
British General Cornwallis took his army to Yorktown. There he Belfort waiting for British to go to New York Washington saw opportunity to trap them George Washington asked to establish a blockade and this plan worked a blockade is the active selling off a place to Burbank goods or people from entering or leaving It was the last battle of the American Revolution. The American and French soldiers surrounded Cornwallis and finally Cornwallis surrendered. The Americans had won.
Describe battle of york significance
British General Cornwallis took his army to Yorktown. There he Belfort waiting for British to go to New York Washington saw opportunity to trap them George Washington asked to establish a blockade and this plan worked a blockade is the active selling off a place to Burbank goods or people from entering or leaving It was the last battle of the American Revolution. The American and French soldiers surrounded Cornwallis and finally Cornwallis surrendered. The Americans had won. USed france help It was the last battle of the American Revolution. The American and French soldiers surrounded Cornwallis and finally Cornwallis surrendered. The Americans had won. After this battle the war if independence was over George Washington had another great plan and won
Battle of Saratoga
British plan to cut new England and British troops commanded by General John Burgoyne to meet house troops in Albany. Then how decided to attack Philadelphia to capture British here limited supplies and reinforcements. While Burgoyne tried twice to break through the Continental Army block them and let them in Saratoga but general how couldn't handle us so they had to surrender. Turning point of the American Revolution. The Americans won the battle and showed that they could defeat the British. It also showed other European countries that the Americans could win. Aid was sent from other countries to the Americans. Benedict Arnold married a loyalist and didn't get credit for the battle so he became a traitor. This was considered a turning point because they were losing and this was another victory because the British are rendered and is convinced France to join their side which provided them with supplies support navy and ships
Desribe battle of sar. Significance
British plan to cut new England and British troops commanded by General John Burgoyne to meet house troops in Albany. Then how decided to attack Philadelphia to capture British here limited supplies and reinforcements. While Burgoyne tried twice to break through the Continental Army block them and let them in Saratoga but general how couldn't handle us so they had to surrender. Turning point of the American Revolution. The Americans won the battle and showed that they could defeat the British. It also showed other European countries that the Americans could win. Aid was sent from other countries to the Americans. Benedict Arnold married a loyalist and didn't get credit for the battle so he became a traitor. This was considered a turning point because they were losing and this was another victory because the British are rendered and is convinced France to join their side which provided them with supplies support navy and ships Turning point of the American Revolution. The Americans won the battle and showed that they could defeat the British. It also showed other European countries that the Americans could win. Aid was sent from other countries to the Americans. Benedict Arnold married a loyalist and didn't get credit for the battle so he became a traitor. This was considered a turning point because they were losing and this was another victory because the British are rendered and is convinced France to join their side which provided them with supplies support navy and ships
Battle of Bunker Hill
British troops went back to boston where 15,000 While reinforcements arrived There was 3 attempts in this battle colonist didnt have enough amunition and gun powder Samuel Prescott said "don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes"
How did geography influence the 3 types of colonies
By gain resources in trade colonist in different areas use the resources differently because where they live. Without a certain resource colonists would live differently by living in a different environment, the food supplies etc.
Intolerable acts
Closed port of Boston until all of the tea destroyed in the Boston Tea Party was paid for. 2. Gave British power to replace elected colonial officials with officials appointed by the king. 3. Increased number of British troops stationed in America. 4. Required colonists to provide living space for soldiers. -Designed to punish the colonies
great compromise
Compromise 1) every state would have equal representation in the senate 2) seats in the House of Representatives would be based on population 3) established a national government with 3 specific branches
Paul revere
Created an image of the boston massacre which was propaganda to make everyone dislike loyalists and want to seperate
How did they feel about the strength of the government
Federalists believed that the central government was necessary
What arguments did they use to support/oppose the constitution
Federalists support.... - a strong central government could represent the nation to other countries -It could control individual states that wouldn't want to cooperate with rest -It could best protect individuals rights and freedom
Lexington and Concord
First battles of revolution
WAHT ARE THE GOALS LISTED IN THE PREMABLE?
Form a more perfect union Establish justice Insure domestic tranquility Provide for the common defense Promote the general welfare of US citizens Secure liberty and posterity US citizens
Significance B.O.T
G.W had a very good idea to assault the hessians with a suprise attack which lead to a come back and victory. Also it is very important to know that they went through the delaware river which is very uncommon becuase it was frozen The Americans' confidence was boosted because of their victory. They had broken the string of American defeats.
Virginia Plan
Gives more power to the state government. The national legislator would be bicameral meaning it would have two houses or two groups of representatives. The number of representatives for each day was based upon the states population.
What were the strengths of the british
Have the money and factories necessary to adequately supply the Army in America Have ability to hire foreign soldiers to help fight Had the support of loyalist in America Had a large well-equipped and well-trained army had a powerful capable of blockading American seaports and transporting troops to the fighting ProFessional military leaders in charge of forces
What does the saying mean
If you own or have a higher wealth your status could be higher meaning you'll have more power.
what people were respondsible for the leading toward the ar.
King george Thomas Paine, Paul Revere, George W,John adams, Samuel adams, John Jay etc
Significance of bobh
Many deaths occurred Colonists were winning until their ammunition became short they ran out of gun powder which shows they were unprepared so they lost. After this colonists learned and became more confident that they were going to improve.
tea act
NOT a tax on tea!- actually cheaper -passed to help British East India Tea Company out of financial trouble -Restricted colonists to only buy tea from the British East India Tea company -Made price of East India Tea cheaper than smuggled tea
What were the key acts that led to the at?
Naivgation acts. Proclamation of 1763, the Sugar act, the Quartering act, the Stamp act, the Townshend act, Writs of Assistance, tea act (including the boston tea party) and intolerable acts.
What is an anti-federalist?
One of party opposed to a federative government; - applied particularly to the party which opposed the adoption of the constitution of the United States.
Were they in favor of ratifying the constitution
No, because the constitution would limit the state power and they thought they would lose there independence.
Name lead figures of the group that were anti federalists
Patrick Henry, Robert Yates, George Mason
What is the Patriots Point of view toward taxes, representation in England, Brisitish soldiers, trade, separation with England, Property
Patriots believe that British taxes were not legal. They believe that taxation takes away property and that property should be protected. This had meant that patriots did believe in and or wanted property. Patriots believe that their property should be protected Patriots believe in no taxation without representation patriots wanted direct representation in Parliament. This means that Patriots did believe in representation. Pages believe that people have rights that government cannot take that away. Patriots wanted to separate from England And they dislike the British soldiers because they were rude to the patriots
Where was the constitutional congress
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
WHAT WERE THER PATRIOTS REFFERRED AS
REBELS
Writs of Assistance
Reensured tight enforcement of tax collection in colonies -Writ gave custom officers right to search colonial homes for smuggled goods, without a warrant
Stamp act
Required colonists to pay tax in form of stamps -On all printed documents (newspaper, licenses, contracts, playing cards, etc.
What argument did southern states make for counting slaves toward the population
SInce the southern states have a higher population of slaves than the northern states these states would gain more representatives and have more power and say the Southern states were for counting slaves toward the population they were for slaves counting toward population because the population or amount of slaves in one state if counted would make more representatives for some states like the south. all the southern states are getting is power/ more representatives
British weaknesses
Soldiers were on accustomed to wilderness warfare Leaders under estimated American military ability Separated from the battle friends by 3000 miles of ocean reinforcements and war orders took months to reach America Hired soldiers who had no interest at stake except for their pay The British army was overconfident The British army was fighting on unfamiliar land and had a large area to conquer
What did Shay's rebellion prove
That the admititration of government should be close to home and reflect the needs of the people also that the article of confed. was weak It proved that the federal government and Articles of Confederation were too weak and a stronger national government was needed
In which legislative house is representation based on population?
The House of Representatives is numbered based on the population.
What is the role of the Executive branch when dealing with laws?
The President is responsible for executing and enforcing the laws.
What is the role of secretary of state?
The Secretary of State carries foriegn policies through the state department. Serves as the President's principal adviser on U.S. foreign policy;
What are the two houses of the legislative branch?
The Senate and the House of Representatives.
In which house is the representation equal for each state?
The Senate is the house of Congress that is based on equal representation
Describe the major turning points that led to the British defeat
The battle of yorktown- last battle or bos considered turning point
How was merchantlism implemented and how did it impact the trade and the rest of the world?
The british maintain policy and the colonies make the money -Colonies exist solely to serve Mother Country with raw materials (Gold, Silver, Fur, Lumber, Food stuffs, etc.) -With raw materials, Mother Country can make manufactured goods to sell to other countries for profit By having mercantilism there was a goal having favorable balance of trade- more exports than imports you get more money and benefit. -Relationship between a country's imports and exports
What were the strengths of the colonists
The colonist were fighting on their own land for their homes and their freedom The colonists knew how to use firearms Colonist had knowledge of the lands and Native American battle strategies George Washington was an excellent leader Conness receive military and financial aid from foreign countries Colonists supplies only had to travel a short distance Many colonist were used to surviving great hardships
what was the Articles of Confederation
The first national government in the united states which was weak and formed the first constitution In other words it explained how the 13 states were going to govern as one nation Rules Each state was independent and had its own government included represenatives from each state Congress was the only branch in congress each state got one
What is the preamble?
The introduction to the constitution
Who must approve all Presidential appointments?
The senate
What did americans gain from the treaty of paris
They gained independence and they had to pay british for ar dept
How did they feel about the strength of the government
They opposed a central government The anti- federalists thought a smaller central government and more emphasized state government would be better for the country
What arguments did they use to support/oppose the constitution
They opposed... -local governments best understood what citizens needed and would best protect citizens freedom. -They feared this government would be like the having a king. -they thought they were going to be limited the power of states -A strong central government would over power states and they were all for states -states would lose their independence
Why was a system of the checks and balances built into the constitution
This system was built so that no one branch of our government could become too powerful.
Significance of Battle of Princeton
This was considered a pivotal moment : Turning point from losing several and finally winning this showed their positive progress G.W proved that he was a leader because he had good ideas and outsmarted Britain
Why would Thomas Jefferson argue that a little rebellion every now and then is a good thing
Thomas Jefferson spoke of revolution often, commented on rebellions, and wrote the Declaration of Independence. So there are many Jefferson quotes regarding revolution which to explain (and just as many misquotes). Rebellion can highlight what is wrong with the government so they know how to fix it. he was expressing the idea that a little rebellion is healthy for a democracy and shouldn't be punished too harshly by the state (it should be punished, as it was illegal, but not too harshly). This was said in a letter that was expressing worry that Shays' Rebellion would be be used as a reason to justify a conservative Constitution (the letter has him commenting on Shays' rebellion, the Constitution which is then in draft form, and the British propaganda claiming the colonies where anarchistic).
Ratify
To approve
George washington
Took his rightful place a general
significance of bos
Turning point of the American Revolution. The Americans won the battle and showed that they could defeat the British. It also showed other European countries that the Americans could win. Aid was sent from other countries to the Americans. Benedict Arnold married a loyalist and didn't get credit for the battle so he became a traitor. This was considered a turning point because they were losing and this was another victory because the British are rendered and is convinced France to join their side which provided them with supplies support navy and ships
significance of Boy
USed france help It was the last battle of the American Revolution. The American and French soldiers surrounded Cornwallis and finally Cornwallis surrendered. The Americans had won. After this battle the war if independence was over George Washington had another great plan and won
Battle of trenton
Washington planned an assault it was Christmas night so he had thought the hessians would not be prepared so he led a surprise attack continental army crossed the frozen Delaware river
What is a Patroit?
We colonists of the 13 colonies that rebelled against British Control
What is a loyalists
Were american colonist who remained loyal to king and britian
What type of delegates served
White, Rich men
Thomas Paine
Wrote several pieces of writting persuading others to want indepence and seperate from england
Were they in favor of ratifying the constitution
Yes because it would be easier to control states where they wanted to protect people
What is a federalist
a person who advocates or supports a system of government in which several states unite under a central authority
What were the key ideals/ concepts of the declaration of independence
be fair and have equal laws provide happiness for the people to show the people were free and independent
How did the weaknesses of the aoc create conflict for the new nation
many people got use to the lack of reinforcemeant and chaos so people wanted still all rights, no tax, state government.
How did the failure of the AOC lead to the constitution
since there were so many problems and so chaotic with the aoc the people needed to do something to fix these problems.
What does the legislative branch have when dealing with laws?
the branch of government having the power to make laws.
Who said "No taxation with out representation"
the colonists
What is the responsibility of the judicial branch?
the responsibilities of the judicial branch include interpreting laws and deciding whether or not they are constitutional, and deciding cases involving states rights.
What argument did northern states make for counting slaves toward the population
they were against slaves counting toward population because the population or amount of slaves in one state if counted would make more representatives for some states like the south. However there would be no benefits to the northern states because all the southern states are getting is power/ more representatives so the northern states are against this argument.
what were the loyalists referred as
tories
what was the 3/5 compromise
two representatives, James Wilson and Roger Sherman, came up with the three-fifths compromise, which was designed to meet the demands of both sides. Recognizing the desire of the South and wanting to reach out to the Southern states to encourage them to ratify, the three-fifths compromise allowed the government to count part of the slave population, while allaying the fears of the North about Southern power For every 5 slaves, 3 would count as free people making the population bigger for representation without counting all the slaves