M4: Goal setting

goal setting program phases

Intake, Assessment, & Scheduling --> Education -->Acquisition --> Practice, Implementation, & Evaluation --> Self-regulation

self-regulation phase

active in systematic, effective goal setting process

results

athletes with higher levels of ability: set more freq goals, found them to be more effective, more eager to participate

perceptual cognitive skills

attention, take a lot of info in and use it

user-friendly

client can incorporate efficiently

spectrum of goal setting: process--> performance--> outcome

controllable/adaptable, guides your focus, data focus -----> uncontrollable, guides your purpose of playing (for a medal), emotion focus

questionnaire included...

demographics, freq of goal setting, effectiveness of goal setting, effort expanded to achieve goals, barriers to achieving goals, ranking goal preference for 8 diff competitive goals

phase: education + acquisition

educate on effective goal setting principles which can lead to improved performance, user-friendly goal-setting strategy

strong correlations found btwn

effort and eagerness to facilitate own progression, freq and effort, persistence and attention to tasks, effectiveness of performers to want to succeed and extra effort

goal type: performance

focus of goal is on achieving performance standard (breaking 100 in 18 holes in golf, measurable) tend to be more controllable than outcome goals

goal type: process

focus of goal is on executing skill successfully most controllable goal

goal type: outcome

focus of goal is on result of event, season, career success depends on numerous uncontrollable factors long-term

when should you evaluate your progress and goals

frequently and consistently

study: the effects of goal setting on basketball performance

goal setting used to direct performance, inc perf outcomes, maintain already high perf levels

what does systematic and empirical mean

goals need to be set daily/weekly, short and long term empirical: need to measure and evaluate, what new goals should we set or adapt the goals so that we can achieve them

how to set goals effectively

have a mixture of the different types of goals

technical/tactical skill example

high sport IQ, know a lot about the cognitive aspects of sports

purpose of study

how setting short and long term goals affects basketball players

discussion

hypotheses were supported

the effect of whether goal setting increases or decreases positive changes is dependent on

ideal goal type balance, ideal goal setting process, effective evaluation and adaptation, adherence/persistence at goal setting

phase: assessment

identify existing goal setting strategies, ascertain influential contexts (factors: physical, technical, tactical, perceptual, emotional)

what are two characteristics that describe the process of effective goal setting

it is a dynamic process that is systematic and empirical goal setting is not an event

checklist for self-regulation phase

measurable? challenging, attainable? target completion date? process, performance, outcome? training or competition? contingency plan? eval and adjustment plan?

what can a sports psych prof do to help someone with their goal setting

mix of diff types of goals, provide feedback on how to improve goals, help them to try to set/achieve/evaluate goals on their own

goal subtypes

objective, subjective

goal types

outcome, performance, process

barriers to effective goal setting

performance/outcome goals dominate, failure to allocate adequate time, lack of specificity, setting too many goals (prioritization), absence of evaluation, no adjustment of goals

How does goal setting work?

1. provide direction and mobilize intensity of efforts 2. guide attention (focus/concentration) 3. frame skill acquisition + practice structure 4. modify affect and confidence

methods

13 players, 16-20 yrs, given goal setting questionnaire

goals are used to

provide direction and enhance focus, the ability to effecively set goals improves with practice

the best mixture of goals

pyramid: most process goals on bottom, medium amount of performance goals in the middle, small amount of outcome goals on the top

goal setting influences

self-efficacy, attention, affect, motivation

hypothesis

setting short term goals would be beneficial, effectiveness of goals would inc through goal frequency, long-term goal setting will give instant feedback to inc motivation

characteristics of effective goal setting

specific time, measurable, challenging but attainable, short + long-term, balance of all types of goals, spend more time to train than compete, systematically evaluate and adapt

objective vs subjective subtype goal

systematically measurable vs less measurable high individual variability

how did they measure the goals in the basketball study

used a season long goal setting intervention to measure, short term vs long term, measured in an authentic area not a lab

evaluation questions

were goals accomplished? measurable defecits? adjustment to goals/ time? accountability celebrate accomplishments look to future

who uses goal setting more, women or men

women